“What then shall we say that Abraham our father has found according to the flesh? For if Abraham was justified by works, he has [something] to boast about, but not before God. For what does the Scripture say? ‘Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.’ Now to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt. But to him who does not work but believes on Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness,” (Romans 4:1-5 NKJV)
The Case Of Abraham
• pertaining…flesh — Matt 3:9, Phil 3:3-6 — properly, this should come after “found”
• found — i.e., gained by his own efforts
• flesh — as distinct from the grace of God. (This another Jewish objection.)
• justified — refers to “found”
• works — refers to “pertaining…flesh”
• hath…glory [boast] — i.e., boast
• not…God — which is the great matter, but only before men, which could not affect his justification
• it…counted — Gen 15:4-6, Jam 2:23 — i.e., his faith; the fact of his believing
• worketh — does all he binds himself, or is bound, to do
• grace — a question of favour
• debt — Rom 11:6 — justly due, claimed by right
• him…not — to win or earn a reward
• believeth…Him — Rom 5:6, 8-10 — confidently trusts in the promise of God concerning the Person and work of Christ
• ungodly — law-breakers, who yet repent and believe
• counted for — reckoned in the place of, as a ground of justification
Justification by faith alone — C. Simeon, M.A.
This is proved from the examples
I. Of Abraham:
1. The question proposed. Answered
(1) By an express declaration of Holy Writ;
(2) By arguments founded upon it
2. Some objections to the Apostle’s arguments:
(1) This statement of Abraham’s being justified by faith is directly contradicted by St. James (Jam 2:21-23);
(2) God justified Abraham for submitting to circumcision;
(3) If Abraham was justified by faith without works, it was a personal favour to him, and must not be drawn into a precedent for us.
II. Of David.
1. In the words themselves, we should not have found any decisive evidence on this subject.
2. Paul, however, has put a sense upon them, which beyond all possibility of doubt decides the question. Learn, concerning this doctrine:-How far it is from being
(1) New,
(2) Unimportant,
(3) Discouraging,
(4) Licentious
A singular bond — I have read of a godly man, says Mr. [Philip?] Brooks, who, living near a philosopher, often strove to persuade him to become a Christian. Oh, but, said the philosopher, I must, or may, lose my all for Christ. To which the good man replied, if you lose anything for Christ, He will repay it a hundred-fold. Ay, but, said the philosopher, Will you be bound for Christ, that if He doth not pay me, you will? Yes, that I will, said the good man! So the philosopher became a Christian, and the good man entered into bond for the performance of covenants. Some time after it happened that the philosopher fell sick. On his deathbed, and holding the bond in his hand, he sent for the party engaged, to whom he gave up the bond, and said, Christ hath paid all, there is nothing for you to pay; take your bond and cancel it; no man shall ever have occasion to say that he has been loser by Christ.
Imputed righteousness — Bishop Asbury being asked his thoughts on imputed righteousness, observed, “Were I disposed to boast, my boasting would be found true. I obtained religion near the age of thirteen. At the age of sixteen I began to preach, and travelled some time in Europe. At twenty-six I left my native land, and bid adieu to my weeping parents, and crossed the boisterous ocean, to spend the balance of my days in a strange land, partly settled by savages. I have travelled through heat and cold for forty-five years. In thirty years I have crossed the Alleghany mountains fifty-eight times. I have often slept in the woods, without necessary food or raiment. In the Southern States I have waded swamps, and led my horse for miles, where I took cold that brought on the diseases which are now preying on my system, and must soon terminate in death. But my mind is still the same, that it is through the merits of CHRIST I am to be saved.”
“Our Apostle confirms in this chapter the doctrine which he delivered in the former, namely, that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but freely, by grace through faith; and this he proves by two reasons especially: 1. From David’s testimony; 2. From Abraham’s example.” — Dean Boys
“One condition required to render an action meritorious is, that there be an equal proportion of value between the action and the reward.” — Dr South
“Justification is the very hinge and pillar of Christianity; and an error about justification is dangerous, like a crack in the foundation, or an error in the first concoction. Justification by Christ is a spring of the water of life; and to have the poison of corrupt doctrine cast into this spring is damnable.” — T. Watson