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Psalms 7:2 — Word Study

Depth

WLCפֶּן־ יִטְרֹ֣ף כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י פֹּ֝רֵ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃

BSAto rescue menâtsal [save, deliver]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 2 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ma.Tzil) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 7:2quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses a plea for deliverance from enemies who threaten to destroy him.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing God directly as his refuge.
Where we areA moment of desperation, highlighting the danger posed by adversaries.
The hard wordיִטְרֹ֣ף
Take awayThe imagery of a lion underscores the ferocity of the threat.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectכֹּל verbאֱלֹהִים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 7:2

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Deliverancegenerated

1O LORD my God, I take refuge in You; save me and deliver me from all my pursuers,
2or they will shred my soul like a lion and tear me to pieces with no one to rescue me.
3O LORD my God, if I have done this, if injustice is on my hands,
4if I have rewarded my ally with evil, if I have plundered my foe without cause,

Psalm 7:2 portrays a vivid image of the psalmist's fear of being torn apart by his enemies, likening them to a lion. This plea is part of a larger context where the psalmist seeks refuge in God amidst accusations and threats, as seen in the surrounding verses that express both desperation and faith in divine protection.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 35:15But when I stumbled, they assembled in glee; they gathered together against me. Assailants I did not know slandered me without ceasing.
2Isaiah 38:13I composed myself until the morning. Like a lion He breaks all my bones; from day until night You make an end of me.
3Psalm 10:9He lies in wait like a lion in a thicket; he lurks to seize the oppressed; he catches the lowly in his net.
4Psalm 17:12like a lion greedy for prey, like a young lion lurking in ambush.
5Psalm 22:13They open their jaws against me like lions that roar and maul.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יִטְרֹ֣ף, yit.Rofgenerated

The verb יִטְרֹ֣ף (yit.Rof) is in the imperfect tense, indicating an action that is ongoing or future. It derives from the root meaning to tear apart, reflecting a violent action. This word captures the intensity of the threat the psalmist feels, as it conveys the idea of being violently ripped to pieces, akin to how a lion would attack its prey.

The use of this verb emphasizes the urgency of the psalmist's plea, as he fears for his life and seeks divine intervention. The imagery of tearing resonates deeply within the context of the psalm, portraying the psalmist's vulnerability and the ferocity of his adversaries.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse comprises a main clause governed by the finite verb יִטְרֹ֣ף (he should tear to pieces), with additional phrases providing context. The structure emphasizes the immediacy of the threat to the psalmist's life.

The sentence flows from a cautionary introduction with פֶּן־ (lest), setting up the fear of being attacked, followed by a vivid description of the action and its consequences.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יִטְרֹ֣ף with the Greek word κατασπαράξω (katasparaxō), meaning 'to tear apart' or 'to devour'. This choice maintains the violent imagery of the original Hebrew while also suggesting a sense of overwhelming destruction.

This translation choice reflects the translators' understanding of the psalmist's plight, emphasizing the ferocity of the threat posed by enemies, akin to a lion's attack.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 7:2 expresses the psalmist's deep fear of being attacked and torn apart by enemies, comparing them to a lion. He feels vulnerable and cries out for help, emphasizing the urgency of his situation as he seeks rescue from God.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by saying his soul will be shredded?

The psalmist uses vivid imagery to express his fear of being violently attacked and destroyed by his enemies, likening them to a fierce lion.

Why does the psalmist address God as his refuge?

The psalmist seeks comfort and protection from God, recognizing Him as a source of safety amidst danger and threats.

What is the significance of the lion imagery?

The lion symbolizes strength and ferocity, highlighting the severity of the threat the psalmist faces from his adversaries.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Psalm 7?

This verse illustrates the psalmist's plea for deliverance from unjust accusations and violence, setting the tone for the themes of justice and divine protection present throughout the psalm.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I seek refuge in God during times of trouble?
  2. How can I better understand the imagery used in the psalms to express fear and desperation?
  3. What does it mean to trust in God as my deliverer when facing challenges?
  4. How can I apply the themes of this psalm to my own life and experiences?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss themes of divine rescue and the nature of spiritual adversaries, illustrating the ongoing relevance of the psalmist's plea.

Didymus the BlindFRAGMENTS ON THE Psalms 7:2 c. 313–398
Who is that one except he who says, “There is no one who can save except me,” the one who has come to seek and to save that which has been lost and to give his soul as a ransom for many? These things show that God the Father saves through…
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 7 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 7:3 c. 347–407
For proof that the devil is called a lion in Scripture, listen to it saying, “Your enemy the devil prowls around like a lion roaring and looking for someone to devour.” And this inspired author himself says elsewhere,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 7 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 7:3 c. 347–407
To be sure, he had assembled an army and had a large number with him; so why does he say, “with no one to ransom or save me”? Because he considers not even the whole world as help should he not enjoy influence from on high,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 7 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 7:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Lest he tear my soul like a lion,.... That is, one of his persecutors, the chief of them; it may be Saul, whom the psalmist compares to a lion for his majesty and greatness, the lion being the king

Read John Gill on Psalms 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver. Lest he tear my soul.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Lest he, i.e. mine enemy, as it is expressed, , even Saul, or any of his followers, tear my soul out of my body; or destroy me and my life, as . Like a lion; to which he compares him both for power and cruelty, and withal intimates his own inability to oppose or escape his rage without God’ s almighty help. While there is none to deliver; whilst I have no considerable force to defend myself, but am forced to flee to mountains, and caves, and woods for my safety.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 7:2 Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending [it] in pieces, while [there is] none to deliver.Ver. 2. Lest he tear my soul like a lion] i.e. Put me to a cruel and tormenting death; exercising against me both cruelty and also craft, by taking me at such a time as there is none to deliver me.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 7 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(2) Lest he tear.—The poet turns from the thought of his enemies generally to the one who has just made himself conspicuous. Such a change from plural to singular often occurs in the Psalms. (Comp. Psalms 41:5-6.) Rending it in pieces.—The LXX., followed by the Vulg. (so too the Syriac), take the verb in its primitive sense of “snatch away,” and translate, “there being none to redeem or deliver.” So Milton: “Tearing, and no rescue nigh.” Notice the comparison of human enemies to beasts of prey—a reminiscence of the lion and the bear of his youth, so constantly present to David. (Comp. Psalms 3:7; 1 Samuel 17:37.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 7 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 2. Lest he tear my soul like a lion] These words seem to answer well to Saul. As the lion is king in the forest; so was Saul king over the land. As the lion, in his fierceness, seizes at once, and tears his prey in pieces; so David expected to be seized and suddenly destroyed by Saul. He had already, in his rage, thrown his javelin at him, intending to have pierced him to the wall with it. As from the power of the lion no beast in the forest could deliver any thing; so David knew that Saul's power was irresistible, and that none of his friends or well-wishers could save or deliver him out of such hands. "Lest he tear my soul (my life) like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is…

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

2. His enemies are many, but one is conspicuous above all for merciless ferocity. Cush, or perhaps Saul himself, is meant (1 Samuel 20:1). For the simile cp. Psalms 10:9, Psalms 17:12, Psalms 22:13; Psalms 22:21. my soul] My life: me regarded as a living individual.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Lest he - Lest “Cush” should do this. See the title, and the introduction to the psalm, Section 2. Tear my soul like a lion - Tear or rend my “life” - that is, “me” - like a lion.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

or they will shred my soul like a lion and tear me to pieces with no one to rescue me.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

lest they tear apart my soul like a lion, ripping it in pieces, while there is no one to deliver.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

or they will shred my soul like a lion and tear me to pieces with no one to rescue me.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Otherwise they will rip me to shreds like a lion; they will tear me to bits and no one will be able to rescue me.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Lest they tear my soul like a lion, Rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Least he deuoure my soule like a lion, and teare it in pieces, while there is none to helpe.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Lest he tear my soul like a lion, crushing it while there is no deliverer.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Lest he tear as a lion my soul, Rending, and there is no deliverer.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Lest he tear my soul as a lion, || Tearing, and there is no deliverer.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(7:3) Lest he tear like a lion my soul, rending it in pieces, with none to deliver.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Otherwise, they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces with no one else able to bring me to safety.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

O Lord my God, in thee have I put my trust: save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Otherwise they will tear me apart like a lion, ripping me to pieces with no one to save me.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

So that he may not come rushing on my soul like a lion, wounding it, while there is no one to be my saviour.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

פֶּןlestclauseverbיִטְרֹ֣ףhe.should.tear.to.piecesprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּlikeאַרְיֵ֣הa.lionnoun phrase · objectנַפְשִׁ֑selfיmyclausepredicateפֹּ֝רֵ֗קtearingוְandclausepredicateאֵ֣יןthere.[is].notsubjectמַצִּֽילa.deliverer

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads פֶּן־ יִטְרֹ֣ף כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י פֹּ֝רֵ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃, while the Septuagint corresponds closely, with 6 of the 7 words matched. This indicates a strong agreement between the two texts in conveying the psalmist's fear and plea for deliverance.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

פֶּן־ יִטְרֹ֣ף כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י פֹּ֝רֵ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
פֶּן־κύριεכְּאַרְיֵ֣הἐπὶנַפְשִׁ֑יἤλπισαפֹּ֝רֵ֗קσῶσόνוְאֵ֣יןἐκמַצִּֽיל׃πάντων

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 7:2פֶּן־lestlestפֶּן־טָרַףhe should the should tear טָרַףאֲרִיlike a lionlike a lionאֲרִינֶ֫פֶשׁself myself myנֶ֫פֶשׁפָּרַקtearingtearingפָּרַקאַ֫יִןand there nand there notאַ֫יִןנָצַל[is] a deli[is] a delivereנָצַלפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהאָרָהto pluckto pluckאָרָהנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁאַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןפָּגַעto fall onto fall onפָּגַעשָׁכַחto forgetto forgetשָׁכַחטֶ֫רֶףpreypreyטֶ֫רֶףלְבִיlionlionלְבִידֹּבbearbearדֹּבבָּקַשׁto seekto seekבָּקַשׁחַיalivealiveחַייָבֵשׁto witherto witherיָבֵשׁזָהָבgoldgoldזָהָבכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹצְדָקָהrighteousnrighteousnessצְדָקָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 7:2

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
פֶּן־pen- lest H6435 Particle
133× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is used to express caution or warning, similar to saying 'lest' or 'beware that'. It is often used in the Bible to advise against certain actions or to warn of potential consequences.
Tyndale gloss
lest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּן־ (pen) is a conjunction meaning 'lest' or 'not,' often used to express a warning or fear of a potential negative outcome. It is derived from a root meaning 'removal' and is typically found in constructions that indicate a precautionary context. The entries consistently emphasize its adverbial use in cautionary statements.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּן־ 133 (alw. with Makkeph) conj. (adverting or deprecating), lest

with impf.

with Pf., the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6435 פֶּן־ (alw. with Makkeph) (adverting or deprecating), lest . with impf.

. with Pf., the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6435 pen pane

from 6437; properly, removal; used only (in the construction)

adverb as conjunction, lest:--(lest) (peradventure),

that...not.

see HEBREW for 06437

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּן־ (pen) — lest.

conj

1) lest, not, beware lest

adv

2) lest

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTc — Particle
HTc
lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
יִטְרֹ֣ףyit.Rof he should tear to pieces H2963 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to tear or pull something apart, and it can also mean to provide food. In the Bible, it appears in Exodus 22:13 and Proverbs 30:14. It describes an act of violence or providing for someone.
Tyndale gloss
to tear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָרַף (taraph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tear, rend, or pluck. It can describe the action of tearing in various forms, such as being torn in pieces or providing food. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical tearing to metaphorical feeding, with specific examples in contexts like animals being torn apart.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָרַף vb. tear, rend, pluck

Qal tear, rend

Niph. of animal torn

Pu. Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces

Hiph. let me devour my appointed bread

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2963 טָרַף tear, rend, pluck

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2963 taraph taw-raf'

a primitive root; to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively

to supply with food (as in morsels):--catch, X without doubt,

feed, ravin, rend in pieces, X surely, tear (in pieces).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָרַף (ta.raph) — to tear.

1) to tear, rend, pluck

1a) (Qal) to tear, rend

1b) (Niphal) to be torn in pieces

1c) (Poal) to be torn in pieces

1d) (Hiphil) to provide food

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Pieces

(1) of silver. In Ps. 68:30 denotes “fragments,” and not properly money. In 1 Sam. 2:36 (Heb. agorah), properly a “small sum” as wages, weighed rather than coined. Josh. 24:32 (Heb. kesitah, q.v.), supposed by some to have been a piece of money bearing the figure of a lamb, but rather simply a certain amount. (Comp. Gen. 33:19).

(2.) The word pieces is omitted in many passages, as Gen. 20:16; 37:28; 45:22, etc. The passage in Zech. 11:12, 13 is quoted in the Gospel (Matt. 26:15), and from this we…

lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
כְּאַרְיֵ֣הke.'ar.Yeh like a lion H738 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
80× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In biblical times, a lion was a symbol of strength and power, and is often mentioned in stories like Daniel in the lions' den. The word for lion appears in various forms, including pictures or images of lions, and is used in books like 1 Kings and 2 Kings.
Tyndale gloss
lion
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֲרִי (ariy) and אַרְיֵה (aryeh) both mean 'lion' in Hebrew, referring to the animal itself or images of it. The word is derived from a root associated with violence. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲרִי n.m. lion

base

אַרְיֵה n.m. lion

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H738a אֲרִי lion H738b אַרְיֵה lion

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

738 'ariy ar-ee'

or (prolonged) earyeh {ar-yay'}; from 717 (in the sense of

violence); a lion:--(young) lion, + pierce (from the margin).

see HEBREW for 0717

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲרִי (a.ri) — lion.

1) lion

1a) pictures or images of lions

אַרְיֵה (ar.yeh) — lion.

1) lion

1a) pictures or images of lions

Aramaic equivalent: ar.yeh (אַרְיֵה "lion" H0744)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

li'-un:

(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.

1. Names:

Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).

(2) kephir, "young lion," often translated "lion" (Ps 35:17; Pr 19:12; 23:1, etc.).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ King of beasts Mic 5:8

→ Fierceness of Job 4:10; 28:8; Ps 7:2; Pr 22:13; Jer 2:15; 49:19; 50:44; Ho 13:8

→ The roaring of Ps 22:13; Pr 20:2

→ Strength of Pr 30:30; Isa 38:13; Joe 1:6

lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
נַפְשִׁ֑יnaf.Shi self my H5315 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp1bs
lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
פֹּ֝רֵ֗קpo.Rek tearing H6561 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To tear means to break off or crunch something, and can also mean to deliver or rescue. It can be used to describe tearing apart or away, or breaking something into pieces. This verb has various forms, including to snatch or redeem.
Tyndale gloss
to tear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּרַק (paraḳ) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tear apart or away. It can imply breaking off, delivering, or rescuing in various forms, such as tearing away or being broken in pieces. The entries suggest a range of uses, including both literal and figurative senses, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּרַק] vb. tear apart, away

Qal tear away yoke

Pi. he shall tear off their hoofs

Hithp. tear off (for, i.e. from, oneself)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6561 [פָּרַק] tear apart, away

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6561 paraq paw-rak'

a primitive root; to break off or crunch; figuratively, to

deliver:--break (off), deliver, redeem, rend (in pieces),

tear in pieces.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרַק (pa.raq) — to tear.

1) to tear apart or away, tear off, break away

1a) (Qal) to tear away, snatch, rescue

1b) (Piel) to tear off

1c) (Hithpael) to tear off from oneself, be broken off, be broken in pieces

Aramaic equivalent: pe.raq (פְּרַק "to break" H6562)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqrmsa — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
וְאֵ֣יןve.'Ein and there not H369 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
789× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Tyndale gloss
nothing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought

to nothing, as nothing

cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

in circumst. clauses

with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

with prefixes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing

. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

. in circumst. clauses

. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

. with prefixes

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

369 'ayin ah'-yin

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not

exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative

particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,

in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,

thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),

well-nigh, without. Compare 370.

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.

1) nothing, not, nought n

1a) nothing, nought neg

1b) not

1c) to have not (of possession) adv

1d) without w/prep

1e) for lack of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
lest he should tear to pieces like a lion self my tearing and there not [is] a deliverer
מַצִּֽיל׃ma.Tzil [is] a deliverer H5337 Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
213× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To rescue means to snatch away or deliver from danger. It can also mean to strip or plunder, depending on the context, and appears in various forms throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
save, deliver
Tyndale gloss
to rescue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נָצַל (natsal) is built from a primitive root meaning to snatch away, with various usages across different stems. It covers a range of meanings including to rescue, deliver, plunder, and strip. The word appears in contexts of delivering oneself or being delivered, as well as rescuing from enemies or sin.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָצַל] 212 vb. not in Qal; Pi. strip, plunder; Niph. deliver oneself, be delivered Hiph. snatch away, deliver

Niph.

reflex. tear oneself away, deliver oneself

passive, be torn out or away

Pi.

strip off, spoil

deliver

Hiph.

take away, snatch away

rescue, recover

deliver from

deliver from sin and guilt

Hoph. as a brand plucked out of the burning

Hithp. and they stripped themselves of their ornaments.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5337 נָצַל not in Qal; Pi. strip, plunder; Niph. deliver oneself, be delivered Hiph. snatch away, deliver

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5337 natsal naw-tsal'

a primitive root; to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad

sense:- X at all, defend, deliver (self), escape, X without

fail, part, pluck, preserve, recover, rescue, rid, save,

spoil, strip, X surely, take (out).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָצַל (na.tsal) — to rescue.

1) to snatch away, deliver, rescue, save, strip, plunder

1a)(Niphal)

1a1) to tear oneself away, deliver oneself

1a2) to be torn out or away, be delivered

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to strip off, spoil

1b2) to deliver

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to take away, snatch away

1c2) to rescue, recover

1c3) to deliver (from enemies or troubles or death)

1c4) to deliver from sin and guilt

1d) (Hophal) to be plucked out

1e) (Hithpael) to strip oneself

Aramaic equivalent: ne.tsal (נְצַל "to rescue" H5338)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms | Suff — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
HVhrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ An appellation of Jesus Ro 11:26

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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