Psalms 68:30 — Word Study
WLCגְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־ כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃
BSAtemplehêykâl uponʻal JerusalemYᵉrûwshâlaim to conductyâbal King'smelek giftshay
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| גְּעַ֨ר | rebuke | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| חַיַּ֪ת | [the] animal[s] of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| קָנֶ֡ה | [the] reed[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עֲדַ֤ת | a herd of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| אַבִּירִ֨ים׀ | mighty [bulls] | |
| בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י | with calves of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| עַמִּ֗ים | peoples | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס | trampling | Verb, Hithpael, participle (active) masculine singular |
| בְּרַצֵּי־ | on pieces of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| כָ֑סֶף | silver | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בִּזַּ֥ר | he has scattered | Verb, Piel, perfect third person masculine singular |
| עַ֝מִּ֗ים | peoples | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| קְרָב֥וֹת | [which] wars | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃ | they delight in | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Rebuke the beast in the reeds, the herd of bulls among the calves of the nations, until it submits, bringing bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war. |
| KJV | Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, till every one submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war. |
| ASV | Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, The multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, Trampling under foot the pieces of silver: He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war. |
| YLT | Rebuke a beast of the reeds, a company of bulls, With calves of the peoples, Each humbling himself with pieces of silver, Scatter Thou peoples delighting in conflicts. |
| WEB | Rebuke the wild animal of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls with the calves of the peoples. Trample under foot the bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war. |
| BBE | Say sharp words to the beast among the water-plants, the band of strong ones, with the lords of the peoples, put an end to the people whose delight is in war. |
Where they part company is in their treatment of the Hebrew word גְּעַ֨ר — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features two main clauses with subordinate phrases that elaborate on the subjects and actions, creating a layered appeal for divine intervention.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbמִן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 14 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 68:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Call for Divine Interventiongenerated
Psalms 68:30 expresses a plea for God to rebuke the powerful forces represented as beasts and bulls, symbolizing nations that oppose Him. The psalmist asks for their submission and the scattering of those who take pleasure in war, reflecting a desire for peace and divine justice. This verse fits within a larger context of praising God for His strength and protection over His people, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 8:1–18 | Some time later, David defeated the Philistines, subdued them, and took Metheg-ammah from the hand of the Philistines. |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 10:1–19 | Some time later, the king of the Ammonites died and was succeeded by his son Hanun. |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 14:1–15 | Then Abijah rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David. And his son Asa reigned in his place, and in his days the land was at peace for ten years. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 20:1–37 | After this, the Moabites and Ammonites, together with some of the Meunites, came to make war against Jehoshaphat. |
| 5 | Isaiah 37:1–38 | On hearing this report, King Hezekiah tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, and entered the house of the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גְּעַ֨ר, ge.'Argenerated
The verb גְּעַ֨ר (ge'ar) is an imperative form, calling for action. It means to rebuke or reprove, often in a stern manner, indicating a demand for correction or discipline. This word emphasizes the psalmist's urgency for God to intervene against the nations that threaten His people.
In this context, the psalmist seeks God's authority to confront and humble powerful adversaries, suggesting a divine response to human aggression. The use of this verb highlights the expectation of God's active role in dealing with those who oppose His will.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the term rebuke for גְּעַ֨ר, which captures the essence of calling for divine correction.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb גְּעַ֨ר governs the main clause, with several phrases detailing the subjects and objects involved. The structure emphasizes the psalmist's direct appeal to God, creating a sense of urgency in the call for action.
The sentence includes multiple noun phrases describing the powerful adversaries — the beast in the reeds and the herd of bulls — alongside participial phrases that illustrate their actions and the desired outcome of their submission.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גְּעַ֨ר as ἀπὸ, which suggests a distancing or separation. This choice may imply a desire for God to remove or isolate the adversaries from His people, highlighting the need for divine intervention.
This rendering reflects a broader interpretation of the psalmist's plea, focusing on the consequences of God's rebuke against those who oppose Him.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 68:30 is a plea for God to rebuke the powerful nations represented as beasts and bulls. The psalmist asks for their submission and for God to scatter those who delight in war. This reflects a desire for peace and divine justice, emphasizing God's authority over His enemies.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The 'beast in the reeds' symbolizes powerful nations or adversaries that oppose God's people, representing a threat that needs divine intervention.
The call to scatter the nations reflects a desire for God to disrupt the plans of those who delight in war, ensuring the safety and peace of His people.
The mention of 'bars of silver' suggests tributes or offerings that may result from the submission of these nations, indicating that they recognize God's authority.
This verse fits within the larger theme of Psalms 68, which celebrates God's power and protection over His people, calling for His intervention against adversaries.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to seek God's rebuke or correction?
- How can I recognize the 'beasts' in my life that oppose my faith?
- What does it mean for nations to delight in war, and how can I promote peace in my community?
- How can I trust in God's authority to scatter those who oppose His will?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo cites this verse in his exposition, using it to highlight the call for divine rebuke against adversaries.
Be there done that which follows, "Rebuke the beasts of the cane" [Psalms 68:30].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 68:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleRebuke the company of spearmen,.... Or, "of the reed" (d); that is, men that use and fight with spears, like to reeds, as Kimchi and Ben Melech interpret it.
Read John Gill on Psalms 68 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 68 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleRebuke, to wit, really; humble and chastise those that will not bring presents to thee, as the kings did, , till they see their error and submit themselves, as it here follows. The company; so this word signifies here above, . Or, the beast, or wild beast, as this word is elsewhere used, i.e. the beasts; the singular being put for the plural: so the sense is the same. Spear-men, Heb. of the reed, i.e. that use spears or arrows; which may be called reeds, either because in length and form they resemble reeds, or because anciently they were made of reeds. And this sense seems favoured by the last words of this verse, in which he explains this and the other metaphors of warriors. Or the reed…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 68 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 68:30 Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, [till every one] submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people [that] delight in war.Ver. 30. Rebuke the company of spearmen] Or, lancemen; Heb. the beast of the reeds; that is, say some, voluptuous persons that wallow in wealth, plenty, and pleasure, Job 40:21, Sicut Pontifices, Cardinales, Episcopi et horum satellites. as Popes, cardinals, bishops and their underlings. Behemoth lieth in the fens, which Gul. Parisiensis applieth to the devil in sensual hearts; reeds grow not but in fat and moist places: but they do better who render it the rout, or crew, of the cane; that…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 68 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(30) Rebuke . . .—See margin, which (if we change beasts to beast) gives the right rendering. So LXX. and Vulgate. The beast of the reed is undoubtedly symbolical of Egypt, whether it be the crocodile or the hippopotamus.Bulls . . . calves.—These are possibly emblems respectively of the strong and the weak—the princes and the common people. (Comp., for a somewhat similar description of the Egyptians, Psalms 76:5-6.) But a slight emendation suggested by Grätz gives the herd of bulls despisers of the people, a reading quite in keeping with the ordinary use of this figure. (See Psalms 22:12; Jeremiah 1:11.) The figure in connection with the bull-worship of Egypt is especially significant. Till…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 68 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 30. Rebuke the company of spearmen] חית קנה chaiyath kaneh, the wild beast of the reed-the crocodile or hippopotamus, the emblem of Pharaoh and the Egyptians; thus all the Versions. Our translators have mistaken the meaning; but they have put the true sense in the margin.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 68 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. the company of spearmen] Better as R.V., the wild beast of the reeds, i.e. the crocodile, or rather, the hippopotamus, which is described in Job 40:21 as lying “in the covert of the reed.” It is a symbolical designation of Egypt, which is mentioned either as the typical enemy of Israel, or with reference to circumstances of the time. the multitude of Me bulls, with the calves of the people] R.V. peoples. The kings or leaders of heathen nations, followed by their peoples as the calves of the herd follow the bulls. Cp. Jeremiah 46:20-21, R.V. ‘Bulls’ suggests the idea of proud defiance; ‘calves’ that of comfortable security. till every one submit himself with pieces of silver] Lit. as…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 68 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRebuke the company of spearmen - Margin, “the beasts of the reeds.” This is in the form of a prayer - “Rebuke;” but the idea is, that this “would” occur; and the meaning of the whole verse, though
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 68 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Rebuke the beast in the reeds, the herd of bulls among the calves of the nations, until it submits, bringing bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war.
Rebuke the wild animal of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls with the calves of the peoples. Trample under foot the bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war.
Rebuke the beast in the reeds, the herd of bulls among the calves of the nations, until it submits, bringing bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war.
Sound your battle cry against the wild beast of the reeds, and the nations that assemble like a herd of calves led by bulls! They humble themselves and offer gold and silver as tribute. God scatters the nations that like to do battle.
Tyndale line
Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, till every one submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war.
Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, The multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, Trampling under foot the pieces of silver: He hath scattered the peoples that delight in war.
Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples, trampling under foot the pieces of silver; he hath scattered the peoples that delight in war.
Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, till every one shall submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war.
Destroy the company of the spearemen, and multitude of the mightie bulles with the calues of the people, that tread vnder feete pieces of siluer: scatter the people that delite in warre.
Strictly literal
Rebuke the beast of the reeds, the assembly of the strong, with the calves of the peoples: [every one] submitteth himself with pieces of silver. Scatter the peoples that delight in war.
Rebuke a beast of the reeds, a company of bulls, With calves of the peoples, Each humbling himself with pieces of silver, Scatter Thou peoples delighting in conflicts.
Rebuke a beast of the reeds, a herd of bulls, || With calves of the peoples, || Each humbling himself with pieces of silver, || You scatter peoples delighting in conflicts.
(68:31) Rebuke the wild beasts hiding among the reeds, the troops of steers among the calves of nations, that hasten along with presents of silver. He scattereth nations that are eager for the fight.
Shout in battle against the wild beasts in the reeds, against the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves. Humiliate them and make them bring you gifts; scatter the peoples who love to wage war.
From the Latin
But I am poor and sorrowful: thy salvation, O God, hath set me up.
Simplified
Condemn the beasts of the reeds, the bulls and calves! May they be humbled and bring bars of silver in tribute! Scatter the war-loving nations!
Say sharp words to the beast among the water-plants, the band of strong ones, with the lords of the peoples, put an end to the people whose delight is in war.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the overall structure of the verse, though the Septuagint's word order differs. Both texts convey the psalmist's call for divine rebuke against powerful nations.
גְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־ כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃
9 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 68:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גָּעַר (ga'ar) is a primitive root meaning to rebuke or reprove. The entries indicate that it can also imply chiding or corrupting. It is primarily used in the context of reprimanding or correcting someone.
גָּעַר vb. rebuke
base
H1605 גָּעַר rebuke
1605 ga`ar gaw-ar'
a primitive root; to chide:--corrupt, rebuke, reprove.
גָּעַר (ga.ar) — to rebuke.
(Qal) to rebuke, reprove, corrupt
HVqv2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
re-buk': As a verb "rebuke" is in the Old Testament the translation of ga`ar and yakhach; another word, ribh, in Ne 5:7, is in the Revised Version (British and American) translated "contended with." "Rebuke" (noun) is most frequently the translation of ge`arah; also in the King James Version of cherpah (Isa 25:8; Jer 15:15, the Revised Version (British and American) "reproach"), and of a few other words signifying reproach, etc. "Rebuker" (mucar, literally, "correction," "chastisement") in Ho 5:2 has the Revised Version margin "Hebrew `rebuke.'" In the New Testament "to rebuke" is most often the translation of epitimao (Mt…
The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.
חַי adj. alive, living
of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
of man
of animals, alive, living
animals and man
(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
of water, fresh
(dub.) lively, active
reviving
base
[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18
ref
חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal
animal
in general
wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
living beings, of the cherubic chariot
life, only in late poetry
appetite, activity of hunger
revival, renewal
base
חַיָּה n.f. community
base
חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life
life: physical
life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
sustenance, maintenance
base
H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
. of man
. of animals, alive, living
. animals and man
. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
. of water, fresh
. (dub.) lively, active
. reviving
H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general
. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
. living beings, of the cherubic chariot
. life, only in late poetry
. appetite, activity of hunger
. revival, renewal
H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical
. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
. sustenance, maintenance
2416 chay khah'-ee
from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,
year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine
singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether
literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)
beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living
(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)
old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
see HEBREW for 02421
חַי (chay) — alive.
adj
1) living, alive
1a) green (of vegetation)
1b) flowing, fresh (of water)
1c) lively, active (of man)
1d) reviving (of the springtime)
Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.
kinsfolk
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.
1) living thing, animal
1a) animal
1b) life
1c) appetite
1d) revival, renewal
Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.
community
חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.
1) life (abstract emphatic)
1a) life
1b) sustenance, maintenance
HNcfsc — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word קָנֶה (*qaneh*) refers to a stalk or reed, often associated with plants like calamus. It has various derived meanings, including measuring-rod and unit of measure (6 cubits), as well as applications in scales and lampstands. The word is built from a root that implies an erect structure, covering a range of uses from botanical to functional.
קָנֶה 62 n.m. stalk, reed
stalk of grain
water-plant, reed
calamus, aromatic reed
derived meanings:
measuring-rod
unit of measure, reed (of 6 cubits)
beam of scales, for scales themselves
shaft of lamp-stand
branches thereof
shoulder-joint
base
H7070 קָנֶה stalk, reed . stalk of grain
. water-plant, reed
. calamus, aromatic reed
. derived meanings: . measuring-rod
. unit of measure, reed (of 6 cubits)
. beam of scales, for scales themselves
. shaft of lamp-stand
. branches thereof
. shoulder-joint
7070 qaneh kaw-neh'
from 7069; a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod
(especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of
the arm), beam (of a steelyard):--balance, bone, branch,
calamus, cane, reed, X spearman, stalk.
see HEBREW for 07069
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch.
: branch
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
1d3) beam (of scales-for scales themselves)
1d4) shaft (of lampstand)
1d5) branches (of lampstand)
1d6) shoulder-joint
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch: stem.
: stem/reed
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
1d3) beam (of scales-for scales themselves)
1d4) shaft (of lampstand)
1d5) branches (of lampstand)
1d6) shoulder-joint
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch: measuring rod.
: measuring_rod
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
עֵדָה (edah) refers to a congregation or assembly, typically a group gathered by appointment or acting together. It is derived from a related term and encompasses meanings such as company, multitude, and crowd. The entries consistently emphasize its use in the context of gatherings, without notable disagreement among the lexicons.
עֵדָה 149 n.f. congregation (prop. company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly)
base
H5712 עֵדָה congregation (prop. company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly
5712 `edah ay-daw'
feminine of 5707 in the original sense of fixture; a stated
assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family
or crowd):--assembly, company, congregation, multitude,
people, swarm. Compare 5713.
see HEBREW for 05707
see HEBREW for 05713
עֵדָה (e.dah) — congregation.
congregation, gathering
HNcfsc — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָבִּיר (abbiyr) means mighty or valiant, and can refer to men, angels, or animals. It also has metaphorical uses, describing enemies, princes, or sacrificial objects. The word can imply strength or obstinacy, and is associated with concepts of power in various contexts.
אָבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant
base
H47 אָבִּיר mighty, valiant
47 'abbiyr ab-beer'
for 46; --angel, bull, chiefest, mighty (one),
stout(-hearted), strong (one), valiant.
see HEBREW for 046
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: ox.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: stallion.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: strong.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: angel.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
HAampa — HAampa
עֵ֫גֶל (egel) refers to a male calf, particularly one that is nearly grown, and is associated with the idea of frisking or circling about. The term is used in the context of livestock, specifically as a bull-calf or steer, as noted in various lexicons.
עֵ֫גֶל n.m. calf (as rolling or circling about ?)
base
H5695 עֵ֫גֶל calf (as rolling or circling about ?)
5695 `egel ay-ghel
from the same as 5696; a (male) calf (as frisking round),
especially one nearly grown (i.e. a steer):--bullock, calf.
see HEBREW for 05696
עֵ֫גֶל (e.gel) — calf.
calf, bull-calf
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
רָפַס (raphas) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stamp or tread. It can refer to the act of trampling down, as well as the figurative sense of humbling oneself. The word has various forms, including the Hithpael, which emphasizes self-humbling. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
רָפַס, רָפַשׂ vb. stamp, tread, foul by stamping, treading
Qal c. acc. rivers
Niph. a fountain befouled.
Hithp. (stamp oneself down, then fig.) humble thyself
base
H7511 רָפַס, רָפַשׂ stamp, tread, foul by stamping, treading
7511 raphac raw-fas'
a primitive root; to trample, i.e. prostrate:--humble self,
submit self.
רָפַס (ra.phas) — to stamp.
1) (Hithpael)
1c1) to stamp oneself down, humble oneself
1c2) stamping or tramping down (participle)
Aramaic equivalent: re.phas (רְפַס "to tread" H7512)
HVtrmsa — Verb · Hithpael · participle (active) masculine singularHVtrmsa
רַץ (rats) is a masculine noun that generally means 'piece' or 'bar,' though its exact meaning is uncertain. It is derived from a root that suggests a fragmentary nature. The word appears in Psalm 68:31.
[רַץ] n.[m.] usu. piece, bar (?), ψ 68:31
ref
H7518 רַץ
7518 rats rats
contracted from 7533; a fragment:--piece.
see HEBREW for 07533
רַץ (rats) — piece.
1) piece, bar
1a) meaning uncertain
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) refers to silver and money, derived from a root meaning 'to be pale.' It encompasses various aspects of silver, including its use as a metal, ornament, and a measure of wealth or value. The term appears in contexts related to payment and price, indicating its significance in transactions.
כֶּ֫סֶף 402 n.m. silver, money
= silver ore, raw silver
silver as bright, shining
silver, as wealth
silver as spoil of war
silver as merchandise
silver as costly gift
silver as material
silver as measure of weight and value
among vbs. and phr.
base
H3701 כֶּ֫סֶף silver, money
3701 keceph keh'-sef
from 3700; silver (from its pale color); by implication,
money:--money, price, silver(-ling).
see HEBREW for 03700
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) — silver: money.
: money/payment/silver
1) silver, money
1a) silver
1a1) as metal
1a2) as ornament
1a3) as colour
1b) money, shekels, talents
כֶּ֫סֶף (ke.seph) — silver: price.
: price
1) silver, money
1a) silver
1a1) as metal
1a2) as ornament
1a3) as colour
1b) money, shekels, talents
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
sil'-ver (keceph; argurion, arguros): Silver was known in the earliest historic times. Specimens of early Egyptian and Babylonian silver work testify to the skill of the ancient silversmiths. In Palestine, silver objects have been found antedating the occupation of the land by the Hebrews. This metal was used for making all kinds of ornamental objects. In the mound of Gezer were found bowls, vases, ladles, hairpins, rings and bracelets of silver. The rings and settings for scarabs or seals were commonly of this metal. The first mention of silver in the Bible is in Ge 13:2, where it says that Abraham was rich in cattle, in silver and gold. At that time it was commonly used in exchange in the form of bars or other shapes. Coins of that metal were of a much later date (Ge 20:16…
Silver
Used for a great variety of purposes, as may be judged from the frequent references to it in Scripture. It first appears in commerce in Gen. 13:2; 23:15, 16. It was largely employed for making vessels for the sanctuary in the wilderness (Ex. 26:19; 27:17; Num. 7:13, 19; 10:2). There is no record of its having been found in Syria or Palestine. It was brought in large quantities by foreign merchants from abroad, from Spain and India and other countries probably.
In very early times silver was used for ornaments, (Genesis 24:53) and for vessels of various kinds. Images for idolatrous worship were made of silver or overlaid with it, (Exodus 20:23; Hosea 13:2); Habb 2:19 Bar. 6:39, and the manufacture of silver shrines for Diana was a trade in Ephesus. (Acts 19:24) But its chief use was as a medium of exchange, and throughout the Old Testament we find "silver" used for money, like the French argent . Silver was brought to Solomon from Arabia, (2 Chronicles 9:14) and from Tarshish, (2 Chronicles 9:21) which supplied the markets…
One of the precious metals and the one most commonly used as coin among all nations. It is first mentioned in Scripture in the history of Abraham, Ge 13:2 20:16 23:16, and was used in constricting the tabernacle, Ex 26:19,32, and afterwards the temple, 1Ch 29:4. In employing it as a medium of trade, the ancient Hebrews weighed it out, instead of having coins. In the times of the New Testament there were coins. See SHEKEL, and MONEY.
בָּזַר (bazar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scatter or disperse. It is a primitive root and appears in different forms, such as Qal and Piel, both emphasizing the action of scattering. The entries consistently focus on this core meaning without any noted disagreements.
[בָּזַר] vb. scatter
base
H967 בָּזַר
967 bazar baw-zar'
a primitive root; to disperse:--scatter.
בָּזַר (ba.zar) — to scatter.
1) to scatter, disperse
1a) (Qal) to scatter
1b) (Piel) to scatter
HVpp3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singularHVpp3ms
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
קְרָב (qrab) refers to a hostile encounter, specifically a battle or war. It is derived from the root meaning to approach or confront. The term is noted in both Hebrew and its Aramaic equivalent, indicating a consistent theme of conflict.
קְרָב n.[m.] battle, war (hostile approach)
base
H7128 קְרָב
7128 qrab ker-awb'
from 7126; hostile encounter:--battle, war.
see HEBREW for 07126
קְרָב (qe.rav) — battle.
battle, war
Aramaic equivalent: qe.rav (קְרָב "war" H7129)
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
חָפֵץ (chaphets) is a Hebrew verb meaning to delight in or take pleasure in something. It can refer to both human desire and divine pleasure, indicating a sense of inclination or favor. The word is also noted to mean to bend down, though this usage is rare. The entries suggest a range of meanings focused on desire and pleasure.
ref
H2654a חָפֵץ delight in H2654b חָפֵץ bend down
2654 chaphets khaw-fates'
a primitive root; properly, to incline to; by implication
(literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased
with, desire:--X any at all, (have, take) delight, desire,
favour, like, move, be (well) pleased, have pleasure, will,
would.
חָפֵץ (cha.phets) — to delight in.
1) to delight in, take pleasure in, desire, be pleased with
1a) (Qal)
1a1) of men
1a1a) to take pleasure in, delight in
1a1b) to delight, desire, be pleased to do
1a2) of God
1a2a) to delight in, have pleasure in
1a2b) to be pleased to do
חָפַץ (ch.ph) — to sway.
1) to move, bend down
1a) (Qal) to bend down
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
A principal thing to notice about this preposition, which in the King James Version represents about 16 Hebrew and as many Greek words and prepositions, is that, in hundreds of cases (especially in the Old Testament, but frequently also in the New Testament) in the Revised Version (British and American) the rendering is changed to more exact forms ("to," "unto," "by," "upon," "at," "with," "among," "for," "throughout," etc.; compare e.g. Ge 6:16; 13:8; 17:7,9,12; 18:1; Ex 8:17; Le 1:9, etc.); while, nearly as often, "in" is substituted for divergent forms of the King James Version (e.g. Ge 2:14; 17:11; 31:54; 40:7; 49:17; Ex…