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Psalms 45:8 — Word Study

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WLCמֹר־ וַאֲהָל֣וֹת קְ֭צִיעוֹת כָּל־ בִּגְדֹתֶ֑יךָ מִֽן־ הֵ֥יכְלֵי שֵׁ֝֗ן מִנִּ֥י שִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃

BSAto loveʼâhab Righteousnesstsedeq to hatesânêʼ wickednessreshaʻ uponʻal rightkên to anointmâshach Godʼĕlôhîym Godʼĕlôhîym oilshemen rejoicingsâsôwn companionchâbêr

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 45
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (si.me.Chu.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 45:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes the fragrant garments of a royal figure, filled with precious scents, and the joy brought by music from ivory palaces.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, celebrating the king's beauty and the joy surrounding him.
Where we areThis verse is part of a royal wedding psalm, celebrating the king's attributes and the joy of his reign.
The hard wordמֹר־
Take awayThe imagery of fragrance and music enhances the sense of celebration and divine favor.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאֱלֹהִים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 45:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Royal Wedding Psalmgenerated

7You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you above your companions with the oil of joy.
8All your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory the harps make you glad.
9The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.
10Listen, O daughter! Consider and incline your ear: Forget your people and your father’s house,

Psalm 45:8 is part of a wedding song celebrating the king, highlighting his majestic qualities and the joy of his reign. The psalmist uses rich imagery to describe the king's garments and the delightful sounds from the palaces, creating a vivid picture of a royal celebration. This psalm reflects themes of beauty, joy, and divine favor, drawing connections to the king's righteousness and the splendor of his court.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Song of Solomon 1:3–13
2Song of Solomon 3:6
3Song of Solomon 4:6–13
4Song of Solomon 5:1–5
5Matthew 2:11On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh.

The Key Word מֹר־, mor-generated

The word מֹר (mor) refers to myrrh, a resin known for its fragrance and value in ancient times. It is commonly used in perfumes and sacred oils, indicating a connection to holiness and beauty. The parsing as a masculine singular noun suggests it is treated as a singular entity, emphasizing its significance in the context of royal garments.

Myrrh is often associated with bitterness due to its taste, yet here it contributes to a sense of richness and beauty, enhancing the imagery of the king's attire. The use of myrrh in this verse suggests a deeper meaning, as it symbolizes both luxury and the sacred, fitting for a royal figure.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb שִׂמְּחֽוּ (they have made glad) governs the entire verse, with several noun phrases describing what is fragrant and where the joy comes from. The structure emphasizes the connection between the garments and the joy they bring, highlighting the royal setting.

The order of the Hebrew words places the fragrant garments at the forefront, followed by the sources of joy, which enhances the celebratory tone of the verse.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, מֹר־ is rendered as ἠγάπησας (you have loved), which shifts the focus from the physical fragrance to an expression of love. This choice suggests an interpretative layer, indicating that the beauty of the garments is tied to the affection of the king.

This rendering highlights a deeper relational aspect, connecting the king's attributes with the love he inspires, rather than merely describing his garments.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 45:8 describes the king's garments as filled with the sweet scents of myrrh, aloes, and cassia, while music from ivory palaces brings joy. The verse uses rich imagery to celebrate the beauty and majesty of the king, reflecting themes of joy and divine favor.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of myrrh in this verse?

Myrrh symbolizes luxury and sacredness, enhancing the royal imagery of the garments and suggesting a connection to the divine.

Why are aloes and cassia mentioned alongside myrrh?

Aloes and cassia are also fragrant substances that contribute to the overall imagery of beauty and richness in the king's garments.

What do the palaces of ivory represent?

The palaces of ivory symbolize wealth and splendor, emphasizing the royal setting and the joy that accompanies the king's presence.

How does this verse connect to the overall theme of Psalm 45?

This verse contributes to the celebration of the king's attributes, highlighting beauty, joy, and divine favor, central themes throughout the psalm.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do the fragrances mentioned in this verse reflect the character of the king?
  2. What does the imagery of ivory palaces suggest about the king's reign?
  3. In what ways can we celebrate the qualities of beauty and joy in our own lives?
  4. How does the connection between fragrance and joy enhance our understanding of this verse?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early Church Fathers reference this psalm to discuss themes of Christ's passion and glory. Their quotations here illustrate how this verse has been interpreted in the context of Christian theology.

Basil of CaesareaHOMILIES ON THE Psalms 17:9 (Psalms 45) c. 330–379
The sweet odor of Christ gives forth the fragrance of myrrh because of his passion, and of aloes because he did not remain motionless and inactive for three days and three nights but descended to the lower world to distribute the graces of…
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 45:10 c. 347–407
Just as on hearing reference to bow and sword and all those similar things you do not take them in a material way, so on hearing mention of myrrh and cassia you would not think of them in a material way but at an intellectual level.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
Theodore of MopsuestiaCOMMENTARY ON Psalms 45:9A c. 350–428
In his wish to imply both the passion and the glory of the passion he says “myrrh, resin, and cassia from your garments,” suggesting by “myrrh” the passion,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 45:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

All thy garments [smell] of myrrh, and aloes, [and] cassia,.... Either his human nature, as anointed with the oil of gladness, and filled with the graces of the Spirit, signified by the holy

Read John Gill on Psalms 45 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. All thy garments (smell) of myrrh, and aloes, (and) cassia.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 45 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

With myrrh, and aloes, and cassia they used to perfume their garments: see . This may denote those glorious and sweet-smelling virtues, which as they were treasured up inwardly in Christ’ s heart, so did they manifest themselves outwardly and visibly, and give forth a grateful smell in the whole course of his life and actions; his doctrine also was a sweet savour unto God and men, ,15. Out of the ivory palaces; which may be referred, either, 1. To the garments, which were usually kept in, and now upon this extraordinary solemnity were brought out of, palaces, or houses, or wardrobes of ivory; so called here, as also , not because they were wholly made of ivory, but because they were adorned…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 45 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 45:8 All thy garments [smell] of myrrh, and aloes, [and] cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.Ver. 8. All thy garments smell of myrrh, aloes, and cassia] Things not only of good savour, but of great price. Myrrh some take to be musk, aloes amber, cassia a kind of cinnamon, which in Galen’ s time was very rare and hard to be found, except in the storehouses of great princes. And Pliny reporteth that a pound of cinnamon was worth a thousand denarii, that is, a hundred and fifty crowns of our money. This description, then, of Christ’ s clothing doth allegorically set forth the sweetness and pleasure that the Father findeth in him (ενωευδοκησα, Matthew…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 45 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8) All thy garments smell of . . .—Or, perhaps, from the last verse (and comparing Psalms 133:2, and the customs there referred to), are anointed with. The spices mentioned may have been ingredients of the “oil of gladness.” Myrrh . . . cassia.—These spices formed part of the sacred oil described Exodus 30:23-24. On the other hand, for the custom of perfuming clothes, beds, &c, comp. Son 5:5; Proverbs 7:17. For myrrh see Genesis 37:25. Aloes.—Heb. ahâlôth (sometimes ahâlîm), a word formed from the native name aghil (Cochin China and Siam are its homes), which also appears in eagle-wood (Aquilaria agallochum). The lign aloes of Num 24:6, was most probably a different tree from that whose…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 45 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. All thy garments smell of myrrh] The Asiatics are very partial to perfumes; every thing with them is perfumed, and especially their garments. And the ivory palaces mentioned are the wardrobes inlaid with ivory, in which their numerous changes of raiment were deposited. Myrrh and aloes are well known; cassia is probably the bark or wood of the cinnamon tree. These with frankincense, galbanum and other odoriferous drugs, were and are frequently used in the perfumes of the Asiatic nations. Whereby they have made thee glad.] Referring to the effect of strong perfumes refreshing and exhilarating the spirits.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 45 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. The bridegroom appears, arrayed for the marriage, his garments saturated with costly perfumes, brought from distant lands. Myrrh was a product of Arabia: aloes here denotes the perfumed wood of an Indian tree: cassia (a different word from that so translated in Exodus 30:24; Ezekiel 27:19, and found here only) was either a species of cinnamon, or the koost of India, Indian orris or costus. Myrrh and aloes are mentioned together in Son 4:14 among chief spices. Prof. Earle notes that “these English spice-names are all identical with the words in the Hebrew; for with these oriental spices their oriental names travelled westward, and they became through Greek and Latin the common property of…

Read Cambridge on Psalms 45 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

All thy garments smell of myrrh - The word “smell” is not in the original.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 45 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

All your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory the harps make you glad.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

All your garments smell like myrrh, aloes, and cassia. Out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made you glad.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

All your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory the harps make you glad.

NETBNew English Translation2006

All your garments are perfumed with myrrh, aloes, and cassia. From the luxurious palaces comes the music of stringed instruments that makes you happy.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia; Out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made thee glad.

RVARevised Version, American1894

All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia; out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made thee glad.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, by which they have made thee glad.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

All thy garments smelll of myrrhe and aloes, and cassia, when thou commest out of the yuorie palaces, where they haue made thee glad.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Myrrh and aloes, cassia, are all thy garments; out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made thee glad.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Myrrh and aloes, cassia! all thy garments, Out of palaces of ivory Stringed instruments have made thee glad.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Myrrh, and aloes, [and] cassia || [Cover] all Your garments; Out of palaces of ivory, || Stringed instruments have made You glad.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(45:9) Of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia are [fragrant] all thy garments: out of palaces of ivory have they made thee joyful with the sound of music.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

All your garments smell of myrrh, aloes, and cassia; out of ivory palaces stringed instruments have made you glad.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord of armies is with us: the God of Jacob is our protector.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Your robes are perfumed with aloes, myrrh, and cassia; music played on stringed instruments in palaces decorated with ivory makes you happy.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Your robes are full of the smell of all sorts of perfumes and spices; music from the king's ivory houses has made you glad.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · predicateמֹר[are].myrrhוַandאֲהָל֣וֹתaloesקְ֭צִיעוֹתcassia(s)noun phrase · subjectכָּלallnoun phraseבִּגְדֹתֶ֑יclothesךָyourclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִֽןfromnoun phraseהֵ֥יכְלֵיpalacesשֵׁ֝֗ןof.ivorysubjectמִנִּ֥יstringed.instrumentverbשִׂמְּחֽוּtheyobjectךָhave.made.you.glad

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with a word-for-word correspondence that maintains the imagery of fragrance and joy. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but generally support the core message of the verse, indicating a consistent tradition in the text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מֹר־ וַאֲהָל֣וֹת קְ֭צִיעוֹת כָּל־ בִּגְדֹתֶ֑יךָ מִֽן־ הֵ֥יכְלֵי שֵׁ֝֗ן מִנִּ֥י שִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מֹר־ἠγάπησαςוַאֲהָל֣וֹתκαὶקְ֭צִיעוֹתἐμίσησαςכָּל־ἀνομίανבִּגְדֹתֶ֑יךָτοῦτοמִֽן־ἔξρισένהֵ֥יכְלֵיσεשֵׁ֝֗ןθεὸςמִנִּ֥יθεόςשִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃ἔλαιον

10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q85a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

אהבת [צדק] [ותשנא] [רשע] [על] [כן] [משח׳ך] [אלהים] [אלהי׳ך] שמן ששן [מחברי׳ך]

2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[אהבת] [צדק] [ותשנא] [רשע] [על] [כן] [משח׳כה] אלהים

8 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 45:8מֹר[are] myrrh[are] myrrhמֹראהלand aloesand aloesאהלקְצִיעָהcassiacassiaקְצִיעָהכֹּלallallכֹּלבֶּ֫גֶדclothes youclothes yourבֶּ֫גֶדמִן־fromfromמִן־הֵיכָלpalaces ofpalaces ofהֵיכָלשֵׁןivoryivoryשֵׁןמֵןstringed instringed instruמֵןשָׂמַחthey have mthey have made שָׂמַחמָרַרto provoketo provokeמָרַרקָצַעto scrapeto scrapeקָצַעכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלבָּגַדto act treto act treacherבָּגַדיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלשָׁנַןto sharpento sharpenשָׁנַןמֵןstringstringמֵןאהלaloealoeאהלנָטַףto drip/prto drip/prophesנָטַףמֹרmyrrhmyrrhמֹרכֹּלallallכֹּלעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהכָּבַסto washto washכָּבַסקָרַעto tearto tearקָרַערָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַריָסַדto foundto foundיָסַד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 45:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
מֹר־mor- [are] myrrh H4753 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mor is the Hebrew word for myrrh, a bitter resin used in perfume and sacred oil. It is mentioned in the Bible as a valuable commodity.
Tyndale gloss
myrrh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֹר (mor) refers to myrrh, a gum from a tree's bark, known for its bitter taste and used in sacred oil and perfume. The entries indicate that it is associated with distillation and has a connection to the Hebrew root for bitterness. It appears in contexts such as Song of Solomon 6:5.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֹר, מוֹר n.m. Ct 6:5 myrrh (fr. bitter taste)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4753 מֹר, מוֹר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4753 more mor

or mowr {more}; from 4843; myrrh (as distilling in drops, and

also as bitter):--myrrh.

see HEBREW for 04843

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֹר (mor) — myrrh.

1) myrrh

1a) an Arabian gum from the bark of a tree, used in sacred oil and in perfume

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mur:

(1) (mor or mowr; Arabic murr]): This substance is mentioned as valuable for its perfume (Ps 45:8; Pr 7:17; So 3:6; 4:14), and as one of the constituents of the holy incense (Ex 30:23; see also So 4:6; 5:1,5,13). Mor is generally identified with the "myrrh" of commerce, the dried gum of a species of balsam (Balsamodendron myrrha). This is a stunted tree growing in Arabia, having a light-gray bark; the gum resin exudes in small tear-like drops which dry to a rich brown or reddish-yellow, brittle substance, with a faint though agreeable smell and a warm, bitter taste. It is still used as medicine (

Myrrh

Heb. mor. (1.) First mentioned as a principal ingredient in the holy anointing oil (Ex. 30:23). It formed part of the gifts brought by the wise men from the east, who came to worship the infant Jesus (Matt. 2:11). It was used in embalming (John 19:39), also as a perfume (Esther 2:12; Ps. 45:8; Prov. 7:17). It was a custom of the Jews to give those who were condemned to death by crucifixion “wine mingled with myrrh” to produce insensibility. This drugged wine was probably partaken of by the two malefactors, but when the Roman soldiers pressed it upon Jesus “he…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

This substance is mentioned in (Exodus 30:23) as one of the ingredients of the "oil of holy ointment:" in (Esther 2:12) as one of the substances used in the purification of women; in (Psalms 45:8; Proverbs 7:17) and in several passages in Canticles, as a perfume. The Greek occurs in (Matthew 2:11) among the gifts brought by the wise men to the infant Jesus and in (Mark 15:23) it is said that "wine mingled with myrrh" was offered to but refused by, our Lord on the cross. Myrrh was also used for embalming. See John 19;39 and Herod. ii. 86. The Balsamodendron myrrha…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A precious gum yielded by a tree common in Africa and Arabia, which is about eight or nine feet high; its wood hard, and its trunk thorny. It was of several kinds, and various degrees of excellence. The best was an ingredient in the holy ointment, Ex 30:23. It was also employed in perfumes, Es 2:12 Ps 45:8 So 4:6 5:5,13; and in embalming, to preserve the body from corruption, Joh 19:39. The magi, who came from the East to worship Christ, offered him myrrh, Mt 2:11.

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
וַאֲהָל֣וֹתva.'a.ha.Lot and aloes H174 Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aloe wood refers to the sticks or tree of the aloe plant, used for its perfume or medicinal properties. In the Bible, it is mentioned in relation to its fragrant scent. The KJV translates it as tree of lign aloes.
Tyndale gloss
aloe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אהל (ahal) refers to aloe, specifically the aloe tree, which is noted for its fragrant properties. The entries suggest it is a masculine noun, with a feminine plural form ahalowth. The word appears to be of foreign origin, and its usage is primarily associated with the scent of the aloe plant.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אהל] n.[m.] odorif. tree, aloe (?)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H174 אהל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

174 'ahaliym a-haw-leem'

or (feminine) ahalowth {a-haw-loth'} (only used thus in the

plural); of foreign origin; aloe wood (i.e. sticks):--(tree

of lign-) aloes.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָהָל (a.ha.lim) — aloe.

1) aloes, aloe tree

1a) aloe tree

1b) aloe (perfume)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncfpa — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Ncfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Aloes

(Heb. ‘ahalim), a fragrant wood (Num. 24:6; Ps. 45:8; Prov. 7:17; Cant. 4:14), the Aquilaria agallochum of botanists, or, as some suppose, the costly gum or perfume extracted from the wood. It is found in China, Siam, and Northern India, and grows to the height sometimes of 120 feet. This species is of great rarity even in India. There is another and more common species, called by Indians aghil, whence Europeans have given it the name of Lignum aquile, or eagle-wood. Aloewood was used by the Egyptians for embalming dead bodies. Nicodemus brought it (pounded aloe-wood) to embalm the body of Christ (John 19:39); but…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Or more properly, ALOE, and East Indian tree, that grows about eight or ten feet high, and yields a rich perfume, Ps 45:8 Pr 7:17 So 4:14. This tree or wood was called by the Greeks Agallochon, and has been known to moderns by the names of Lign-aloe, aloe-wood, paradise-wood, eagle-wood, etc. Modern botanists distinguish two kinds: the one grows in Cochin China, Siam, and China, is never exported, and is of so great rarity in India, as to be worth its weight in gold. The tree is represented as large, with an erect trunk and lofty branches. The other or more common species is called garo in the East Indies, and is the wood of a tree growing in the Moluccas, the Excoecaria Agallocha of Linnaeus. The leaves are like those of a…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Used as perfume Ps 45:8; Pr 7:17; So 4:14

→ In embalming the dead Joh 19:39

→ Lign-aloes Nu 2:1-6

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
קְ֭צִיעוֹתKe.tzi.'ot cassia H7102 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Cassia refers to a spice made from the bark of a tree, similar to cinnamon, and is mentioned in the Bible as a valuable commodity. It is first mentioned in Exodus 30:23. The spice was highly valued for its aroma and was used in worship and everyday life.
Tyndale gloss
cassia
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קְצִיעָה (qtsiy`ah) refers to cassia, a spice derived from the bark of a tree, similar to cinnamon. The word is built from the root associated with peeling, indicating its processed form. It appears in Psalm 45:9, where it is mentioned in the context of spices.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[קְצִיעָה] n.f. cassia, a powdered bark, like cinnamon;—pl. ψ 45:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7102 קְצִיעָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7102 qtsiy`ah kets-ee-aw'

from 7106; cassia (as peeled; plural the bark):--cassia.

see HEBREW for 07106

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קְצִיעָה (qe.tsi.ah) — cassia.

1) cassia

1a) a spice; a powdered bark like cinnamon

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kash'-a: Two Hebrew words,

(1) qiddah, which is mentioned, along with myrrh, cinnamon, calamus and olive oil, as one of the ingredients of the "holy anointing oil" (Ex 30:24); it was, too, one of the wares in which Vedan and Javan traded with Tyre (Eze 27:19); it is identified in the Peshitta and the Targum with (2).

(2) qetsi`oth (plural only, probably referring to the strips of bark), a word from which is derived the Greek kasia, and hence, cassia (Ps 45:8).

It is probable that both (1) and (2) refer to Cassia lignea, the inner bark of Cinnamomum cassia, a plant growing in eastern Asia closely allied to that which yields the cinnamon of commerce. It is a fragrant, aromatic bark and was probably used in a powdered form. Both as…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Cassia

(1.) Hebrew kiddah’, i.e., “split.” One of the principal spices of the holy anointing oil (Ex. 30:24), and an article of commerce (Ezek. 27:19). It is the inner bark of a tree resembling the cinnamon (q.v.), the Cinnamomum cassia of botanists, and was probably imported from India.

(2.) Hebrew pl. ketzi’oth (Ps. 45:8). Mentioned in connection with myrrh and aloes as being used to scent garments. It was probably prepared from the peeled bark, as the Hebrew word suggests, of some kind of cinnamon.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Exodus 30;24; Ezekiel 27:19) The cassia bark of commerce is yielded by various kinds of Cinnamomum , which grow in different parts of India. The Hebrew word in (Psalms 45:8) is generally supposed to be another term for cassia.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The bark of an odoriferous tree, from which came one ingredient of the holy oil or ointment, Ex 30:24; Ps 45:8; Eze 27:19.

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
בִּגְדֹתֶ֑יךָbig.do.Tei.kha clothes your H899 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to clothing or a covering, like a garment or robe. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus, describing what people wore. The word is often translated as 'apparel' or 'raiment'.
Tyndale gloss
treachery
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֶּ֫גֶד (beged) has meanings related to both clothing and treachery. It can refer to a garment or covering, as well as deceit or betrayal. The word is built from a root that suggests a duality in its usage, appearing in contexts that range from apparel to treacherous actions, notably in Isaiah 24:16 and Jeremiah 12:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֶּ֫גֶד n.[m.] treachery Is 24:16 Je 12:1.

done

בֶּ֫גֶד n.m. garment, covering

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H899a בֶּ֫גֶד treachery H899b בֶּ֫גֶד garment, covering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

899 beged behg'-ed

from 898; a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or

pillage:--apparel, cloth(-es, ing), garment, lap, rag,

raiment, robe, X very (treacherously), vesture, wardrobe.

see HEBREW for 0898

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֶּ֫גֶד (be.ged) — treachery.

treachery, deceit

בֶּ֫גֶד (be.ged) — garment.

(CLBL) garment, clothing (used indiscriminately)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpc/Sp2ms — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2ms
[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
מִֽן־min- from H4480 Preposition
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
הֵ֥יכְלֵיHeikh.lei palaces of H1964 Noun common · masculine plural construct
80× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for a large public building like a palace or temple, used to describe God's temple in Jerusalem. It appears in the Bible to talk about the temple as God's palace. In the Bible, it is translated as 'palace' or 'temple'.
Tyndale gloss
temple
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵיכָל (heykal) refers to a large public building, primarily a palace or temple. It encompasses various meanings, including the palace of God as king and specific structures like the nave of Ezekiel's temple. The entries suggest a focus on both earthly and heavenly temples, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵיכָל n.m. palace, temple

rather seld. (royal) palace

of palace of God considered as king, = house of God or of י׳, temple

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1964 הֵיכָל palace, temple

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1964 heykal hay-kawl'

probably from 3201 (in the sense of capacity); a large public

building, such as a palace or temple:--palace, temple.

see HEBREW for 03201

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵיכָל (he.khal) — temple.

: temple

1) palace, temple, nave, sanctuary

1a) palace

1b) temple (palace of God as king)

1c) hall, nave (of Ezekiel's temple)

1d) temple (of heavenly temple)

הֵיכָל (he.khal) — temple: palace.

: palace

1) palace, temple, nave, sanctuary

1a) palace

1b) temple (palace of God as king)

1c) hall, nave (of Ezekiel's temple)

1d) temple (of heavenly temple)

הֵיכָל (he.khal) — temple: nave.

: nave/hallway

1) palace, temple, nave, sanctuary

1a) palace

1b) temple (palace of God as king)

1c) hall, nave (of Ezekiel's temple)

1d) temple (of heavenly temple)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
שֵׁ֝֗ןShe.n ivory H8127 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
55× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for tooth can also mean ivory or a sharp cliff. It is used in the Bible to describe the teeth of humans and animals, as well as sharp rocks, and is often translated as tooth or ivory.
Tyndale gloss
tooth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שֵׁן (shen) primarily means 'tooth' and can also refer to 'ivory.' It is derived from the root associated with sharpness, and it can figuratively denote a cliff or crag. The entries highlight various contexts, including its use in legal terms (lex talionis) and as a material in commerce.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁן n.f. tooth, ivory

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8127 שֵׁן tooth, ivory

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8127 shen shane

from 8150; a tooth (as sharp); specifically (for 8143) ivory;

figuratively, a cliff:--crag, X forefront, ivory, X sharp,

tooth.

see HEBREW for 08150

see HEBREW for 08143

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth.

: tooth

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: ivory.

: ivory

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: crag.

: crag

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: prong.

: prong

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

i'-vo-ri (1) shen, "tooth" (translated "ivory," 1Ki 10:18; 22:39; 2Ch 9:17; Ps 45:8; So 5:14; 7:4; Eze 27:6,15; Am 3:15; 6:4);

(2) shenhabbim; Septuagint odontes elephdntinoi, "elephants' teeth" (1Ki 10:22; 2Ch 9:21);

(3) elephantinos, "of ivory" (Re 18:12)):

Shen occurs often, meaning "tooth" of man or beast. In the passages cited it is translated in English Versions of the Bible "ivory" (of "crag,"

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ivory

(Heb. pl. shenhabbim, the “tusks of elephants”) was early used in decorations by the Egyptians, and a great trade in it was carried on by the Assyrians (Ezek. 27:6; Rev. 18:12). It was used by the Phoenicians to ornament the box-wood rowing-benches of their galleys, and Hiram’s skilled workmen made Solomon’s throne of ivory (1 Kings 10:18). It was brought by the caravans of Dedan (Isa. 21:13), and from the East Indies by the navy of Tarshish (1 Kings 10:22). Many specimens of ancient Egyptian and Assyrian ivory-work have been preserved. The word habbim is derived from the Sanscrit ibhas, meaning “elephant,”…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The word translated "ivory" literally signifies the "tooth" of any animal, and hence more especially denotes the substance of the projecting tusks of elephants. The skilled work-men of Hiram, king of Tyre, fashioned the great ivory throne of Solomon, and overlaid it with pure gold. (1 Kings 10:18; 2 Chronicles 9:17) The ivory thus employed was supplied by the caravans of Dedan, (Isaiah 21:13; Ezekiel 27:15) or was brought, with apes and peacocks, by the navy of Tarshish. (1 Kings 10:22) The "ivory house" of Ahab, (1 Kings 22:39) was probably a palace, the walls of which were panelled with ivory, like the palace of…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Mentioned in the reign of Solomon, and referred to in Ps 45:1-17, as used in decorating palaces. Solomon, who traded to India, brought thence elephants and ivory to Judea. "For the king had at sea a navy of Tarshish, with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tarshish, bringing gold and silver and ivory," 1Ki 10:22 2Ch 9:21. Solomon had a throne decorated with ivory, and inlaid with gold, these beautiful materials relieving the splendor and heightening the luster of each other, 1Ki 10:18. Ivory, as is well known, is the substance of the tusks of elephants, and hence it is always called in Hebrew, tooth.

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
מִנִּ֥יmi.Ni stringed instrument H4482 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a string on a musical instrument, like a harp, and is used in Psalms to describe music and instruments.
Tyndale gloss
string
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵן (men) refers primarily to a string, particularly of a musical instrument like a harp. It can also denote a portion, as derived from an unused root meaning to apportion. The term appears in contexts related to music, specifically in Psalms, highlighting its connection to stringed instruments.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מֵן] n.[m.] string (of harp)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4482 מֵן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4482 men mane

from an unused root meaning to apportion; a part; hence, a

musical chord (as parted into strings):--in (the same) (Psalm

68:23), stringed instrument (Psalm 150:4), whereby (Psalm 45:8

(defective plural)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵן (men) — string.

1) string (of harp)

2) (BDB) portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

in'-stroo-ment (keli; in Greek plural hopla, Ro 6:13): The word in the Old Testament is used for utensils for service, chiefly in connection with the sanctuary (compare Ex 25:9; Nu 4:12,26,32; 1Ki 19:21; 1Ch 9:29; 2Ch 4:16, the King James Version); for weapons of war (1Sa 8:12; 1Ch 12:33,17, etc.); notably for musical instruments. See MUSIC. The members of the body are described by Paul (Ro 6:13) as…

[are] myrrh and aloes cassia all clothes your from palaces of ivory stringed instrument they have made glad you
שִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃si.me.Chu.kha they have made glad you H8055 Verb piel perfect third person common plural · suffix
155× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to rejoice or be glad, often used in a religious sense, like when the Israelites rejoiced at the dedication of the temple in 1 Kings 8:66.
Tyndale gloss
to rejoice
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂמַח (samach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rejoice or be glad. It can express joy in everyday life, religious contexts, or even exultation. The verb has different forms: Qal (to rejoice), Piel (to cause to rejoice), and Hiphil (to make glad). The entries indicate a range of meanings related to joy and merriment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂמַח, שָׂמִ֑חַ 154 vb. rejoice, be glad

Qal 126

in common life

rejoice religiously

subj. י׳

Pi. cause to rejoice, gladden

Hiph. = Pi.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8055 שָׂמַח, שָׂמִ֑חַ rejoice, be glad

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8055 samach saw-makh'

a primitive root; probably to brighten up, i.e.

(figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or

gleesome:--cheer up, be (make) glad, (have, make) joy(-ful),

be (make) merry, (cause to, make to) rejoice, X very.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂמַח (sa.mach) — to rejoice.

1) to rejoice, be glad

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to rejoice

1a2) to rejoice (arrogantly), exult (at)

1a3) to rejoice (religiously)

1b) (Piel) to cause to rejoice, gladden, make glad

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to rejoice, gladden, make glad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpp3cp/Sp2ms — Verb piel perfect third person common plural · suffix
HVpp3cp/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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