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Psalms 45:9 — Word Study

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WLCבְּנ֣וֹת מְ֭לָכִים בְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ נִצְּבָ֥ה שֵׁגַ֥ל לִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗ בְּכֶ֣תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃

BSAmyrrhmôr aloeʼăhâlîym cassiaqᵉtsîyʻâh allkôl treacherybeged frommin templehêykâl toothshên stringmên to rejoicesâmach

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 45
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('o.Fir) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 45:9quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes royal women, highlighting the queen's esteemed position next to the king.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing the king.
Where we areThis verse is part of a royal wedding song celebrating the king and his bride.
The hard wordשֵׁגַל
Take awayRoyal honor is depicted through the imagery of women and precious gold.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהוּא verbבֶּגֶד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 45:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Royal Wedding Songgenerated

8All your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory the harps make you glad.
9The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.
10Listen, O daughter! Consider and incline your ear: Forget your people and your father’s house,
11and the king will desire your beauty; bow to him, for he is your lord.

Psalm 45:9 presents a vivid image of royal women, emphasizing the honor of the queen standing beside the king. This psalm is traditionally understood as a wedding song, celebrating the union of the king and his bride. It highlights the beauty and status of the queen, adorned with precious gold from Ophir, a place known for its wealth. The surrounding verses also contribute to the overall theme of royal splendor and the importance of the queen's role in the royal court.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 45:13All glorious is the princess in her chamber; her gown is embroidered with gold.
2Psalm 72:10May the kings of Tarshish and distant shores bring tribute; may the kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts.
3Song of Solomon 6:8–9
4Song of Solomon 7:1
5Isaiah 49:23Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers. They will bow to you facedown and lick the dust at your feet. Then you will know that I am the LORD; those who hope in Me will never be put to shame.”

The Key Word שֵׁגַל, she.Galgenerated

The word שֵׁגַל (shegal) means 'queen' or 'queen-consort.' It is a feminine noun that emphasizes the royal status of a woman closely associated with a king. The term is derived from roots related to cohabitation, indicating a close relationship with the king.

In this verse, the queen is depicted as standing at the king's right hand, a position of honor and authority. This imagery reinforces her esteemed status among the royal women, showcasing her significance in the royal court.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In the Berean Standard Bible, the verse uses queen to describe the royal consort, which is consistent across other translations like the KJV and ASV.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb נִצְּבָ֥ה (she stands) governs the main clause, which describes the queen's position. The sentence structure emphasizes her standing alongside the king, highlighting her royal status.

The noun phrase שֵׁגַל serves as the subject, while the prepositional phrases elaborate on her position and adornment, creating a clear and vivid image of the queen's honor.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שֵׁגַל as βασίλισσα (basileissa), meaning 'queen.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the emphasis on her royal status.

The Greek term reflects the same honor and dignity attributed to the queen in the Hebrew text, reinforcing the significance of her role in the royal narrative.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 45:9 describes the daughters of kings and emphasizes the queen's honored position at the king's right hand, adorned with gold from Ophir. This verse highlights the beauty and significance of the queen in the royal setting.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the queen stands at the king's right hand?

This position signifies honor and authority, indicating the queen's important role in the royal court.

Why is Ophir mentioned in this verse?

Ophir is known for its wealth and fine gold, emphasizing the preciousness of the queen's adornment.

What is the significance of the daughters of kings being among the honored women?

This highlights the royal lineage and status of the women, showcasing their importance in the royal narrative.

How does this verse reflect the themes of royal weddings in the Bible?

It emphasizes the beauty, honor, and significance of the queen, which are common themes in biblical accounts of royal weddings.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What qualities do you think make someone worthy of honor in your community?
  2. How can we better appreciate the roles of those who support leaders in our lives?
  3. In what ways can we recognize and celebrate the contributions of women in our communities?
  4. How does the imagery of adornment in this verse inspire you to think about your own value and worth?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, interpreting it in the context of the relationship between Christ and the Church, highlighting the queen's role as symbolic of the faithful soul.

Basil of CaesareaHOMILIES ON THE Psalms 17:9 (Psalms 45) c. 330–379
The queen … is the soul that is joined with the Word, its Bridegroom; not subjected by sin but sharing the kingdom of Christ, it stands on the right hand of the Savior in gilded clothing, that is to say,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
JeromeLETTER 54.3 c. 347–420
What can be fairer than a soul that is called the daughter of God and that seeks for itself no outward adorning. She believes in Christ, and dowered with this hope of greatness, makes her way to her spouse,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
Theodore of MopsuestiaCOMMENTARY ON Psalms 45:10A-C c. 350–428
The church is in attendance on you, he is saying, on your right; that is, it will always be assembled for you. The church is always assembled in union with him both in purpose and in the grace of rebirth,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 45:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Kings' daughters [were] among thy honourable women,.... Or "maids of honour" (n); who filled and adorned the king's court, and made a splendid appearance there, the same with the virgins, the

Read John Gill on Psalms 45 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir. Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 45 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Among thy honourable women, i.e. amongst them that attend upon thy spouse, as the manner was in nuptial solemnities; as men attended upon the bridegroom, whence they were called friends, . In reference to Christ, as the spouse or queen is the church in general, so these honourable women are particular believers, who are daily added to the church, , and submit themselves to it. And although the church is made up of particular believers, yet she is distinguished from them, for the decency of the parable, as the whole is oft distinguished by our minds from the parts of which it consists, and as the daughters of Jerusalem are distinguished from the spouse in the book of the Canticles, though…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 45 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 45:9 Kings’ daughters [were] among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir. Ver. 9. Kings’ daughters were among thy honourable women] Thy ladies of honour attending upon thy royal consort (for after the description of Christ, the bridegroom, followeth another, of the queen, his bride, and of the royal nuptials): or, Kings’ daughters are in thy preciousnesses, that is, in thy comeliness that thou hast put upon them, Ezekiel 16:14; for all the Church’ s bravery is borrowed, and all her daughters, i.e. members, are adorned not with their own proper attire, Sed regio mundo et ornatu, out of the King Christ’ s wardrobe; this is the righteousness of…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 45 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) Honourable women.—Literally, precious ones, i.e., possibly the favourites of the harem. See Proverbs 6:26, where this word precious is used (comp. Jeremiah 31:20), or there may be an allusion to the costliness and magnificence of the harem rather than to affection for its inmates. Perhaps both senses are combined in the word, and we may compare Shakespeare’s “The jewels of our father, with washed eyes Cordelia leaves you.” Upon thy right hand.—Comp. 1 Kings 2:19. Did stand.—Better, was stationed, referring to the position assigned to the bride when the marriage procession was formed. In gold of Ophir.—Or, possibly, as (i.e., precious as) gold of Ophir, a common use of this particle. For…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 45 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 9. Kings' daughters were among] Applied to Solomon, these words have no difficulty. We know he had seven hundred wives, princesses; and the mention of those here may be intended only to show how highly respected he was among the neighbouring sovereigns, when they cheerfully gave him their daughters to constitute his harem. If we apply it to Solomon's marriage with the daughter of the king of Egypt, it may signify no more than the princesses and ladies of honour who accompanied her to the Israelitish court. Applied to Christ, it may signify that the Gospel, though preached particularly to the poor, became also the means of salvation to many of the kings, queens, and nobles, of the…

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 45 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9. Kings’ daughters are among thy honourable women: At thy right hand doth stand the queen in gold of Ophir (R.V.). An Oriental monarch prided himself on the number and nobility of the wives in his harem, and some at least of the Jewish monarchs were no exception to the rule (1 Kings 11:3; Son 6:8). It may seem strange that such a degradation of the true ideal of marriage should find place in a Psalm which opens up such lofty thoughts and hopes. But the Psalm reflects the actual facts and customs of the age: it is not intended to depict a perfect state of things. One of the wives takes precedence of the rest and occupies the place of honour (1 Kings 2:19) at the king’s right hand. It is…

Read Cambridge on Psalms 45 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Kings’ daughters were among thy honorable women - Those who were in attendance on him and on the bride were from the most elevated ranks; among the most honorable of the earth.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 45 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Kings’ daughters are among your honorable women. At your right hand the queen stands in gold of Ophir.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Princesses are among your honored guests, your bride stands at your right hand, wearing jewelry made with gold from Ophir.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Kings’ daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Kings’ daughters are among thy honorable women: At thy right hand doth stand the queen in gold of Ophir.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Kings’ daughters are among thy honourable women: at thy right hand doth stand the queen in gold of Ophir.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Kings daughters were among thy honorable women: upon thy right hand stood the queen in gold of Ophir.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Kings daugthers were among thine honorable wiues: vpon thy right hand did stand the Queene in a vesture of golde of Ophir.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Kings' daughters are among thine honourable women; upon thy right hand doth stand the queen in gold of Ophir.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Daughters of kings [are] among thy precious ones, A queen hath stood at thy right hand, In pure gold of Ophir.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Daughters of kings [are] among Your precious ones, || A queen has stood at Your right hand, || In pure gold of Ophir.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(45:10) Kings' daughters are among those dear to thee: the queen standeth on thy right hand in fine gold of Ophir.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Kings' daughters are among your honorable women; at your right hand stands the queen clothed in gold of Ophir.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Come and behold ye the works of the Lord: what wonders he hath done upon earth,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The daughters of kings are among the noblewomen; the queen stands beside you on your right, wearing jewelry made of gold from Ophir.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Kings' daughters are among your noble women: on your right is the queen in gold of Ophir.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectבְּנ֣וֹתdaughtersמְ֭לָכִיםof.kingsprepositional phrase · predicateבְּ[are].amongnoun phraseיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יyour.nobleךָ[women]clauseverbנִצְּבָ֥הshe.standssubjectשֵׁגַ֥לa.queen-consortprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִֽ֝tonoun phraseימִינְyour.rightךָ֗handprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּin.(the)noun phraseכֶ֣תֶםgoldאוֹפִֽירof.Ophir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with all eight words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial restoration but align with the Masoretic Text's depiction of the royal scene, confirming the consistency of this verse across different ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בְּנ֣וֹת מְ֭לָכִים בְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ נִצְּבָ֥ה שֵׁגַ֥ל לִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗ בְּכֶ֣תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בְּנ֣וֹתσμύρναמְ֭לָכִיםκαὶבְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָἀπὸנִצְּבָ֥הἱματίωνשֵׁגַ֥לσουלִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗ἐλεφαντίνωνבְּכֶ֣תֶםηὔφρανάνאוֹפִֽיר׃σε

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q85a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[מר] [ואהלות] [קציעות] [כל] [בגדתי׳ך] מן היכלי שן מני שמחו׳ך

4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 45:9בַּתdaughters odaughters ofבַּתמֶ֫לֶךְkingskingsמֶ֫לֶךְיָקָר[are] among[are] among nobיָקָרנָצַבshe standsshe standsנָצַבשֵׁגָלa queen-cona queen-consortשֵׁגָליָמִיןto right [hto right [hand]יָמִיןכֶּ֫תֶםin [the] goin [the] gold oכֶּ֫תֶםאוֹפִירOphirOphirאוֹפִירבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהמָלַךְto reignto reignמָלַךְיָקַרbe precioube preciousיָקַרשָׁגֵלto ravishto ravishשָׁגֵליָמַןto go righto go rightיָמַןכָּתַםbe stainedbe stainedכָּתַםצִיּוֹןZionZionצִיּוֹןאֵםmothermotherאֵםנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרNebuchadneNebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּראַשּׁוּרAsshurAsshurאַשּׁוּרבֹּ֫שֶׂםspicespiceבֹּ֫שֶׂםהוֹןsubstancesubstanceהוֹןפֶּ֫תַחentranceentranceפֶּ֫תַחקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאשְׂמֹאלleftleftשְׂמֹאלשׁוֹקleglegשׁוֹקסָלָהto rejectto rejectסָלָהאוֹפִירOphirOphirאוֹפִיר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 45:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
בְּנ֣וֹתbe.Not daughters of H1323 Noun common · feminine plural construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpc — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
מְ֭לָכִיםMe.la.khim kings H4428 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2,526× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Tyndale gloss
King's
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4428 melek meh'-lek

from 4427; a king:--king, royal.

see HEBREW for 04427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.

1) king

Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)

הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.

'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.

Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

of Judah and Israel. For the list see table at the end of this volume.

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Israel warned against seeking

1Sa 8:9-18

- Sin of Israel in seeking

1Sa 12:17-20

- Israel in seeking, rejected God as their king

1Sa 8:7; 10:19

- Israel asked for, that they might be like the nations

1Sa 8:5,19,20

- First given to Israel in anger

Ho 13:11

- God reserved to himself the choice of

De 17:14,15; 1Sa 9:16,17; 16:12

- When first established in Israel, not hereditary

De 17:20; 1Sa 13:13,14; 15:28,29

daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
בְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָbe.yi.ke.ro.Tei.cha [are] among noble [women] your H3368 Preposition · suffix
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means something or someone is valuable and precious, like costly jewels or highly valued people, as seen in descriptions of honorable women and precious stones in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
precious
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָקָר (yaqar) means precious, rare, or splendid, and can refer to something valuable or weighty. It encompasses meanings like costly, excellent, and glorious, often used to describe precious stones or jewels. The word is built from a root that implies value, and it appears in contexts highlighting worth or reputation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָקָר adj. precious, rare, splendid, weighty

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3368 יָקָר precious, rare, splendid, weighty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3368 yaqar yaw-kawr'

from 3365; valuable (obj. or subj.): -brightness, clear,

costly, excellent, fat, honourable women, precious,

reputation.

see HEBREW for 03365

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָקָר (ya.qar) — precious.

1) valuable, prized, weighty, precious, rare, splendid

1a) precious

1a1) costly

1a2) precious, highly valued

1a3) precious stones or jewels

1b) rare

1c) glorious, splendid

1d) weighty, influential

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Aafpc/Sp2ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Aafpc/Sp2ms
daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
נִצְּבָ֥הni.tze.Vah she stands H5324 Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
75× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stand or station oneself, either physically or as an appointed official. This word is used in various contexts, including setting up a monument or establishing a leader. It can also mean to stand firm or be established in a position.
Tyndale gloss
to stand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָצַב (natsab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stand or take one's stand, with various applications including to be stationed, appointed, or established. It can refer to standing upright, setting up a pillar, or fixing a boundary. The entries highlight its use in different forms, such as Niphal and Hiphil, indicating both active and passive meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָצַב] vb. Niph. take one's stand, stand

Niph.

station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose

stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)

take an upright position, stand

be stationed = appointed over

Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)

stand firm

Hiph.

station, set

set up, erect pillar

cause to stand erect, waters

fix, establish boundary

Hoph. fixed, determined

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5324 נָצַב Niph. take one's stand, stand . . . station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose

. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)

. take an upright position, stand

. be stationed = appointed over

. Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)

. stand firm

. . station, set

. set up, erect pillar

. cause to stand erect, waters

. fix, establish boundary

. fixed, determined

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5324 natsab naw-tsab'

a prim root; to station, in various applications (literally

or figuratively):--appointed, deputy, erect, establish, X

Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar,

present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish,

(make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָצַב (na.tsav) — to stand.

1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand

1a2) to stand, be stationed

1a3) to stand, take an upright position

1a4) to be stationed, be appointed

1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst)

1a6) to stand firm

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to station, set

1b2) to set up, erect

1b3) to cause to stand erect

1b4) to fix, establish

1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVNp3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVNp3fs
daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
שֵׁגַ֥לshe.Gal a queen-consort H7694 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a queen, often implying a close relationship with a king. It is used to describe powerful women in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
queen
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁגָל (shegal) means 'queen' or 'queen-consort,' derived from the root related to cohabitation. The term is used to refer to a royal wife or consort. It has an Aramaic equivalent, and the entries consistently emphasize its connection to royalty.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁגָל n.f. (queen-)consort

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7694 שֵׁגָל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7694 shegal shay-gawl'

from 7693; a queen (from cohabitation):--queen.

see HEBREW for 07693

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁגָל (she.gal) — queen.

consort, queen, (queen-)consort

Aramaic equivalent: she.gal (שֵׁגָל "consort" H7695)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kon-sort' (proskleroo, "to allot," Ac 17:4). The verb may be either in the middle or passive voice. the Revised Version (British and American), the King James Version, and Luther's German translation regard it as middle, and render it: "cast their lots with," "associated," "united with." In advocacy of the passive, see Alford's Greek Testament, proposing: "were added," as if by lot, the allotment eing determined by God who gave them the Holy Spirit directing their choice. The English has the Latin for "lot" as its base.

daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
לִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗li.mi.ne.kha to right [hand] your H3225 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Benjamin was a son of Israel and Rachel, and the brother of Joseph, mentioned in Genesis 35:18. The name also refers to the right hand or south direction.
Tyndale gloss
[Ben]jamin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָמִין (*yamiyn*) means 'right hand' or 'right side,' and it can also refer to the direction south, as the right hand points south when facing east. It is derived from the root word for 'to be strong' and covers various contexts, including body parts and directional references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָמִין 137 n.f. right hand

right hand

of situation on, or direction toward the right

of other parts of the body

= south, because when facing east the right hand is toward the south

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3225 יָמִין right hand . right hand

. of situation on, or direction toward the right

. of other parts of the body

. = south, because when facing east the right hand is toward the south

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3225 yamiyn yaw-meen'

from 3231; the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or

other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally,

the south:--+ left-handed, right (hand, side), south.

see HEBREW for 03231

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָמִין (ya.min) — right.

1) right, right hand, right side

1a) right hand

1b) right (of direction)

1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)

Also means: ya.min (יָמִין ": south" H3225H)

יָמִין (ya.min) — right: south.

1) right, right hand, right side

1a) right hand

1b) right (of direction)

1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)

יָמִין (ya.min) — [Ben]jamin.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.35.18;

son of: Israel (H3478) and Rachel (H7354);

brother of: Joseph (H3130);

half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncfsc/Sp2ms — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
בְּכֶ֣תֶםbe.Khe.tem in [the] gold of H3800 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to pure gold, often used to describe valuable items like the golden ornaments in the Temple.
Tyndale gloss
gold
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֶּ֫תֶם (kethem) refers to gold, specifically pure gold, and is noted as a poetic and late term. It is derived from a root meaning something carved out, indicating ore. The entries consistently emphasize its association with fine or pure gold.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֶּ֫תֶם n.m. gold, poet. and late

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3800 כֶּ֫תֶם gold, poet. and late

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3800 kethem keh'-them

from 3799; properly, something carved out, i.e. ore; hence,

gold (pure as originally mined):--((most) fine, pure) gold(-en

wedge).

see HEBREW for 03799

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֶּ֫תֶם (ke.tem) — gold.

gold, pure gold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
daughters of kings [are] among noble [women] your she stands a queen-consort to right [hand] your in [the] gold of Ophir
אוֹפִֽיר׃'o.Fir Ophir H211 Noun proper
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ophir is a name and a place in the Bible, referring to a son of Joktan and a region in southern Arabia known for its gold trade. King Solomon traded with Ophir to obtain gold and other valuable goods.
Tyndale gloss
Ophir
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוֹפִיר (Ophir) refers to both a person and a place. It is the name of Joktan's eleventh son and a region known for its gold, mentioned in the context of Solomon's trade routes. The term may also poetically describe fine gold. The exact derivation is uncertain, and some sources suggest it means 'reducing to ashes'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוֹפִיר n.pr. Ophir

n.pr.m. 11th son of Joktan

n.pr.loc. (land or city S. or SE. fr. Palestine) place whither Sol.’s ships went fr. Ezion Geber, bringing thence gold

characteristic of fine gold (poet. & late)

hence for fine gold itself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H211 אוֹפִיר Ophir

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

211 'Owphiyr o-feer'

or (shortened) pOphiyr {o-feer'}; and fOwphir {o- feer'}; of

uncertain derivation; Ophir, the name of a son of Joktan, and

of a gold region in the East:--Ophir.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוֹפִיר (o.phir) — Ophir.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.29;

son of: Joktan (H3355);

brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Hadoram (H1913A), Uzal (H0187), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103)

§ Ophir = "reducing to ashes"

1) eleventh son of Joktan

2) a land or city in southern Arabia in Solomon's trade route where gold evidently was traded for goods

3) characteristic of fine gold

4) fine gold

אוֹפִיר (o.phir) — Ophir.

§ Ophir = "reducing to ashes"

a land or city in southern Arabia in Solomon's trade route where gold evidently was traded for goods

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpl — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

o'-fer, o'-fir ('owphiyr (Ge 10:29), 'owphir (1Ki 10:11), 'ophir):

1. Scriptural References:

The 11th in order of the sons of Joktan (Ge 10:29 equals 1Ch 1:23). There is a clear reference also to a tribe Ophir (Ge 10:30). Ophir is the name of a land or city somewhere to the South or Southeast of Palestine for which Solomon's ships along with Phoenician vessels set out from Ezion-geber at the head of the Gulf of Aqabah, returning with great stores of gold, precious stones and "almug"-wood (1Ki 9:28; 10:11; 2Ch…

Ophir

(1.) One of the sons of Joktan (Gen. 10:29).

(2.) Some region famous for its gold (1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:48; Job 22:24; 28:16; Isa. 13:12). In the LXX. this word is rendered “Sophir,” and “Sofir” is the Coptic name for India, which is the rendering of the Arabic version, as also of the Vulgate. Josephus has identified it with the Golden Chersonese, i.e., the Malay peninsula. It is now generally identified with Abhira, at the mouth of the Indus. Much may be said, however, in favour of the opinion that it was somewhere in Arabia.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abundane). The eleventh in order of the sons of Joktan. (Genesis 10:29; 1 Chronicles 1:23) (B.C. after 2450.) A seaport or region from which the Hebrews in the time of Solomon obtained gold. The gold was proverbial for its fineness, so that "gold of Ophir" is several times used as an expression for fine gold, (1 Chronicles 29:4; Job 28:16; Psalms 45:9; Isaiah 13:12) and in one passage (Job 22:24) the word "Ophir" by itself is used for gold of Ophir, and for gold generally. In addition to gold, the vessels brought from Ophir almug wood and precious stones. The…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. One of the sons of Joktan, who settled in southern Arabia, Ge 10:26-29.

2. A country to which the ships of Solomon traded, and which had for a long time been celebrated for the purity and abundance of its gold, Job 22:24 28:16. "Gold of Ophir" was proverbially the best gold, Ps 45:9 Isa 13:12. The only passages which give us any information as to the location of Ophir are 1Ki 9:26-28 10:11,22 22:48, with the parallel passages in 2Ch 8:18 9:10,21 20:36,37; from which it appears that the so called "ships of Tarshish" went to Ophir; that these ships sailed from…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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