1 Chronicles 22:3 — Word Study
WLCוּבַרְזֶ֣ל׀ לָ֠רֹב לַֽמִּסְמְרִ֞ים לְדַלְת֧וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֛ים וְלַֽמְחַבְּר֖וֹת הֵכִ֣ין דָּוִ֑יד וּנְחֹ֥שֶׁת לָרֹ֖ב אֵ֥ין מִשְׁקָֽל׃
BSADavidDâvid [the youngest son of Jesse, a king of Israel] providedkûwn■ a large quantity ofrôb ironbarzel [a strong metal] to make the nailsmaçmêr [or pegs, for building or hanging objects] for the doorsdeleth [or gateways, entrances] of the gatewaysshaʻar [or city entrances, temple doors] and for the fittingsmᵉchabbᵉrâh [or couplings, joints] together with morerôb bronzenᵉchôsheth [or copper, something base or common] than could be weighedmishqâl [or measured, having no standard weight]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבַרְזֶ֣ל׀ | and iron | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לָ֠רֹב | to abundance | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לַֽמִּסְמְרִ֞ים | for the nails | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| לְדַלְת֧וֹת | for [the] doors of | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct |
| הַשְּׁעָרִ֛ים | the gates | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְלַֽמְחַבְּר֖וֹת | and for the clamps | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| הֵכִ֣ין | he prepared | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person masculine singular |
| דָּוִ֑יד | David | Noun proper masculine |
| וּנְחֹ֥שֶׁת | and bronze | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| לָרֹ֖ב | to abundance | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אֵ֥ין | there not | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מִשְׁקָֽל׃ | [was] weight | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | David provided a large quantity of iron to make the nails for the doors of the gateways and for the fittings, together with more bronze than could be weighed |
| KJV | And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight; |
| ASV | And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the couplings; and brass in abundance without weight; |
| YLT | And iron in abundance for nails for leaves of the gates, and for couplings, hath David prepared, and brass in abundance — there is no weighing. |
| WEB | David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates and for the couplings, and bronze in abundance without weight, |
| BBE | And he got together a great store of iron, for the nails for the doors and for the joins; and brass, more in weight than might be measured; |
Where they part company is in stylistic choices, but all translations agree on the essential materials provided by David.
The sentence is structured around a main verb with several phrases detailing the materials and their intended use.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectדָּוִד
verbכּוּן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 22:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — David's Preparations for the Templegenerated
1 Chronicles 22:3 describes how David, the king of Israel, made extensive preparations for the temple that his son Solomon would build. This involved gathering materials like iron and bronze, emphasizing the importance of the temple as a place of worship. David's foresight in providing such resources reflects his dedication to honoring God and ensuring that the temple would be magnificent, as noted in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 29:2–7 | Now with all my ability I have made provision for the house of my God—gold for the gold articles, silver for the silver, bronze for the bronze, iron for the iron, and wood for the wood, as well as onyx for the settings, turquoise, stones of various colors, all kinds of precious stones, and slabs of marble—all in abundance. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 22:14 | Now behold, I have taken great pains to provide for the house of the LORD—100,000 talents of gold, 1,000,000 talents of silver, and bronze and iron too great to be weighed. I have also provided timber and stone, and you may add to them. |
| 3 | 1 Kings 7:47 | Solomon left all these articles unweighed, because there were so many. The weight of the bronze could not be determined. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 4:18 | Solomon made all these articles in such great abundance that the weight of the bronze could not be determined. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 52:20 | As for the two pillars, the Sea, the twelve bronze bulls under it, and the movable stands that King Solomon had made for the house of the LORD, the weight of the bronze from all these articles was beyond measure. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בַּרְזֶל, u.var.Zelgenerated
The word בַּרְזֶל (barzel) specifically refers to iron, a strong metal used for tools and construction. It is often associated with strength and durability, indicating the quality of the materials David provided for the temple's construction.
The parsing indicates that it is a noun in the singular form, showing that it refers to iron as a material rather than a concept. This word appears frequently in the Old Testament, highlighting its significance in various contexts, including construction and warfare.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הֵכִ֣ין (he prepared) governs the entire verse, with multiple phrases detailing what was prepared. The structure highlights the abundance of materials David gathered for the temple.
The sentence is complex, with several prepositional phrases elaborating on the objects of preparation, such as the nails for the doors and the fittings, emphasizing the extensive nature of David's contributions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בַּרְזֶל as σίδηρον (sideron), which also means iron. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the strength and utility associated with iron.
The translation of נְחֹשֶׁת as ξαλκὸν (xalkon) indicates a similar understanding of bronze, suggesting a consistent interpretation of these materials in the context of construction.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 22:3 shows that David provided a large amount of iron and bronze for the construction of the temple. He prepared nails for the doors and fittings, highlighting his commitment to building a magnificent place for worship.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
David's preparation of iron and bronze indicates his dedication to creating a magnificent temple for God, ensuring that it would be built with strong and valuable materials.
David wanted to ensure that the temple would be built to last, using abundant materials that would reflect its importance as a place of worship.
The nails and fittings symbolize the structural integrity of the temple, representing the careful planning and execution of David's vision for a house dedicated to God.
This verse highlights David's foresight and commitment to God, as he prepares for the future temple, showcasing his role as a leader who prioritized worship and devotion.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I prepare for significant tasks in my life, as David did for the temple?
- How can I show dedication and commitment in my responsibilities, reflecting David's example?
- What materials or resources do I have that I can use to serve others or contribute to my community?
- How does understanding the significance of David's preparations deepen my appreciation for the temple's role in worship?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 22:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings,.... Great plenty of iron to make nails of for joining the boards together, of which the doors and
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight; No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 22 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFor the joinings; to be used, together with melted lead, for the joining of those great and square stones together.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 22 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 22:3 And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight;Ver. 3. And David prepared iron in abundance, &c.] Many parents prepare guilt in abundance, hoards and heaps of evil gotten goods - and there with God’ s curse - to spend on their lusts, &c. As for pious and charitable uses, they cry out, with Judas, Whereto is this waste?
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) For the nails.—Mismĕ ?rîm happens to occur only in the later books of the Old Testament, but may well be an ancient word. (Comp. the Assyrian asmarê “spears,” which derives from the same root.) For the doors of the gates.—he doors were to be what we call folding-doors (1 Kings 6:34-35). For the joinings.—Literally, things that couple, or connect (feminine participle): i.e., iron clamps and hinges. In 2 Chronicles 34:11 the same term is used of wooden clamps or braces. And brass.—Bronze, which was much used in the ornamental work of ancient buildings. Comp. the plates of bronze which once adorned the doors of the temple of Shalmaneser II. (B.C. 854), at Balawât, and are now in the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 22 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Irons - for the nails, &c.] Iron for bolts, bars, hinges, &c., &c.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 22 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleFor the joinings - i. e., the girders, or cramps - pieces of iron to be used in joining beams or stones together.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 22 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible3. Nails for the doors of the gates — “That is, for the folding doors of the gates; partly for the pivots on which the folding doors turned, partly to strengthen the boards of which the doors were made.” — Keil.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 22 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
David provided a large quantity of iron to make the nails for the doors of the gateways and for the fittings, together with more bronze than could be weighed
David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates and for the couplings, and bronze in abundance without weight,
David provided a large quantity of iron to make the nails for the doors of the gateways and for the fittings, together with more bronze than could be weighed
David supplied a large amount of iron for the nails of the doors of the gates and for braces, more bronze than could be weighed,
Tyndale line
And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight;
And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the couplings; and brass in abundance without weight;
And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the couplings; and brass in abundance without weight;
And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight;
Dauid also prepared much yron for the nayles of the doores and of the gates, and for the ioynings, and abundance of brasse passing weight,
Strictly literal
And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joists, and brass in abundance without weight;
And iron in abundance for nails for leaves of the gates, and for couplings, hath David prepared, and brass in abundance — there is no weighing.
And David has prepared iron in abundance for nails for leaves of the gates and for couplings, and bronze in abundance—there is no weighing,
And iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings, did David prepare; and copper in abundance, [which] could not be weighed;
David supplied a large amount of iron for the nails for the doors to go in the gateways, and for braces. He also supplied more bronze than could be weighed,
From the Latin
And David prepared in abundance iron for the nails of the gates, and for the closures and joinings: and of brass an immense weight.
Simplified
David provided plenty of iron to make the nails for the entrance doors and for the supports, as well as more bronze than could be weighed.
And he got together a great store of iron, for the nails for the doors and for the joins; and brass, more in weight than might be measured;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of this verse, with a complete match of the key terms. Both texts emphasize the abundance of iron and bronze that David prepared for the temple.
וּבַרְזֶ֣ל׀ לָ֠רֹב לַֽמִּסְמְרִ֞ים לְדַלְת֧וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֛ים וְלַֽמְחַבְּר֖וֹת הֵכִ֣ין דָּוִ֑יד וּנְחֹ֥שֶׁת לָרֹ֖ב אֵ֥ין מִשְׁקָֽל׃
12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 22:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בַּרְזֶל (barzel) means 'iron' and can refer to iron ore or iron implements like tools and utensils. It also carries figurative meanings related to harshness, strength, or oppression. The word may be derived from a root associated with cutting. There is an Aramaic equivalent, פַּרְזֶל (parzel), also meaning 'iron'.
בַּרְזֶל n.m. iron
iron, lit.
tool of iron
iron in fig. of unwatered earth
base
H1270 בַּרְזֶל iron
1270 barzel bar-zel'
perhaps from the root of 1269; iron (as cutting); by
extension, an iron implement:--(ax) head, iron.
see HEBREW for 01269
בַּרְזֶל (bar.zel) — iron.
1) iron
1a) iron
1a1) iron ore
1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements
2) tool of iron
3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: par.zel (פַּרְזֶל "iron" H6523)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
רֹב (rov) refers to a multitude or abundance, encompassing ideas of greatness and numerousness. It is derived from a related root and can describe anything from a large quantity to excellence. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, emphasizing its broad application in the Old Testament.
רֹב 151 n.m. multitude, abundance, greatness
base
H7230 רֹב multitude, abundance, greatness
7230 rob robe
from 7231; abundance (in any respect):--abundance(- antly),
all, X common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number),
huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much,
multitude, plenty(-ifully), X very (age).
see HEBREW for 07231
רֹב (rov) — abundance.
1) multitude, abundance, greatness
1a) multitude
1a1) abundance, abundantly
1a2) numerous
1b) greatness
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
מַסְמֵר (masmer) means 'nail' and is derived from a root that suggests a peg or something that protrudes. The term is used in the context of a nail in various forms, including a feminine variant. It appears in Ecclesiastes 12:11, where it may refer to a metaphorical or literal fastening.
[מַסְמֵר] n.m. nail
base
H4548 [מַסְמֵר] nail
4548 macmer mas-mare'
or micmer {mis-mare'}; also (feminine) macmrah {mas-mer-aw'};
or micmrah {mis-mer-aw'}; or even masmrah (Eccles. 12:11)
{mas-mer-aw'}; from 5568; a peg (as bristling from the
surface):--nail.
see HEBREW for 05568
מַסְמֵר (mas.mer) — nail.
nail
Prep | N-cp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
דָּל (dal), דָּלָה (da.lah), and דֶּ֫לֶת (de.let) all refer to a 'door' or 'gate' in Hebrew. The entries indicate various uses, including literal doors and figurative meanings, such as a door of a chamber or even metaphorical doors in poetry. Notably, dal is mentioned in Psalm 141:3.
[דָּל] n.[m.] door only fig.: ψ 141:3.
ref
[דָּלָה] n.f. door, Is 26:20 fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hides
ref
דֶּ֫לֶת n.f. door
door of house
door of room
gates of city
in other senses
base
H1817a דָּל door H1817b דָּלָה door H1817c דֶּ֫לֶת door
1817 deleth deh'-leth
from 1802; something swinging, i.e. the valve of a
door:--door (two-leaved), gate, leaf, lid. (In Psa. 141:3,
dal, irreg.).
see HEBREW for 01802
דָּל (dal) — door.
door (fig.)
דָּלָה (da.lah) — door.
door (fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hide)
דֶּ֫לֶת (de.let) — door.
1) door, gate
1a) a door
1b) a gate
1c) (fig.)
1c1) of chest lid
1c2) of crocodile jaws
1c3) of doors of the heavens
1c4) of an easily-accessible woman
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural constructHR/Ncfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁ֫עַר (sha'ar) means 'gate' and is derived from a root that signifies an opening. It encompasses various types of gates, including those of cities, palaces, and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like 'gate of heaven.' The entries consistently highlight its role as an entrance or threshold.
שַׁ֫עַר 373 n.m. gate
base
H8179 שַׁ֫עַר gate
8179 sha`ar shah'-ar
from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or
gate:--city, door, gate, port (X -er).
see HEBREW for 08176
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate.
: gate
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate: town.
: town
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
מְחַבְּרָה (mechabbrah) refers to a binder, clamp, or joint, indicating something that joins or holds together. It is derived from the root word for 'join' and is used in contexts related to coupling or joining materials.
[מְחַבְּרָה] n.f. binder, clamp, joint
base
H4226 מְחַבְּרָה
4226 mchabbrah mekh-ab-ber-aw'
from 2266; a joiner, i.e. brace or cramp:--coupling,
joining.
see HEBREW for 02266
מְחַבְּרָה (me.chab.b.rah) — clamp.
binder, clamp, joint
Conj | Prep | N-fp — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfpa
כּוּן (kuwn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to establish or prepare. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to be firm, to fix, to direct, and to be ready, with applications in both literal and figurative contexts. The entries indicate various forms of the verb, such as Niph'al (to be established) and Hiph'il (to establish), but there is a note on a noun form, נָכוֹן (nakhon), meaning 'blow'.
[כּוּן] 218 vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj.
Niph.
be set up, established, fixed
in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways
prepare, be ready
pass. be prepared, of judgments
Hiph.
establish, set up
fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift
provide for, provide, furnish
direct one's face toward
arrange, order
Hoph.
be established, of throne
be prepared for
Po‛lēl.
set up, establish
constitute, make, a man (in womb)
fix, so as to be ready
direct
Po‛lal. be established
Hithpo‛l. be established
base
נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow Jb 12:5
ref
H3559a כּוּן prob. be firm, only in der. conj. . . be set up, established, fixed
. in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways
. prepare, be ready
. pass. be prepared, of judgments
. . establish, set up
. . fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift
. provide for, provide, furnish
. direct one's face toward
. arrange, order
. . be established, of throne
. be prepared for
. . set up, establish
. constitute, make, a man (in womb)
. fix, so as to be ready
. direct
. be established
. be established
H3559b נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow
3559 kuwn koon
a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand
perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great
variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,
prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper
or prosperous):--certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness,
fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet,
ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self),
provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright,
fast, forth), be stable, (e-)stablish, stand, tarry, X very
deed.
כּוּן (kun) — to establish: prepare.
: prepare/direct
1) to be firm, be stable, be established
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be set up, be established, be fixed
1a1a) to be firmly established
1a1b) to be established, be stable, be secure, be enduring
1a1c) to be fixed, be securely determined
1a2) to be directed aright, be fixed aright, be steadfast (moral sense)
1a3) to prepare, be ready
1a4) to be prepared, be arranged, be settled
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to establish, set up, accomplish, do, make firm
1b2) to fix, make ready, prepare, provide, provide for, furnish
1b3) to direct toward (moral sense)
1b4) to arrange, order
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be established, be fastened
1c2) to be prepared, be ready
1d) (Polel)
1d1) to set up, establish
1d2) to constitute, make
1d3) to fix
1d4) to direct
1e) (Pulal) to be established, be prepared
1f) (Hithpolel) to be established, be restored
נָכוֹן (na.khon) — blow.
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singularHVhp3ms
דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David
base
H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David
1732 David daw-veed'
rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;
loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.
see HEBREW for 01730
דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;
son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);
brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);
father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):
I. NAME AND GENEALOGY
II. EARLY YEARS
1. Shepherd
2. Slinger
3. Harpist
4. Poet
5. Psalmist
6. Tribesman
III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL
1. David First Meets Saul
2. His First Exploit
3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David
4. Jonathan and David
IV. DAVID IN EXILE
1. David as Outlaw
2. David Joins the Philistines
V. DAVID AS KING
1. Civil War
2. Conquests Abroad
3. Political Situation
4. The Ark
VI. DOMESTIC LIFE
1. His Wives and Children
2. Domestic Troubles
VII. HIS OFFICIALS
1. Prophets
2. Priests
3. Military Officers
4. Other Officials
5. Mutual Rivalry
VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID
1. Chronicles
2. Psalms
3. Complex Character
4. Physical Courage
5. Moral Courage
6. Prudence
7. Strategy
8. Nobility
9. David in Relation to His Family
10. David in Relation to His Friends
11. His Success
12. His Foreign Friends
13. Nemesis
David
Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).
His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…
Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze
copper
fetters of copper or bronze
as less in value than gold but more than wood
fig. of pitiless sky
base
[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
ref
H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper
. fetters of copper or bronze
. as less in value than gold but more than wood
. fig. of pitiless sky
H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth
for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.
coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or
silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),
filthiness, steel.
see HEBREW for 05154
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.
1) copper, bronze
1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)
1c) copper (as value)
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.
lust, harlotry
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
רֹב (rov) refers to a multitude or abundance, encompassing ideas of greatness and numerousness. It is derived from a related root and can describe anything from a large quantity to excellence. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, emphasizing its broad application in the Old Testament.
רֹב 151 n.m. multitude, abundance, greatness
base
H7230 רֹב multitude, abundance, greatness
7230 rob robe
from 7231; abundance (in any respect):--abundance(- antly),
all, X common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number),
huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much,
multitude, plenty(-ifully), X very (age).
see HEBREW for 07231
רֹב (rov) — abundance.
1) multitude, abundance, greatness
1a) multitude
1a1) abundance, abundantly
1a2) numerous
1b) greatness
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
מִשְׁקָל (mishqal) means 'weight' and is derived from a root that implies weighing. It covers the concept of weight in a numerical sense and the act of weighing. The entries consistently define it as related to heaviness or weight.
מִשְׁקָל 49 n.m. id. [מִשְׁקוֹל];—weight
base
H4948 מִשְׁקָל id. [מִשְׁקוֹל];—weight
4948 mishqal mish-kawl'
from 8254; weight (numerically estimated); hence, weighing
(the act):--(full) weight.
see HEBREW for 08254
מִשְׁקָל (mish.qal) — weight.
heaviness, weight
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wat (Measure of quantity) mishqal, (mishqol (Eze 4:10), from shaqkal, "to weigh" 'ebhen, "a stone" used for weighing in the balance): Weights were commonly of stone or bronze (or of lead, Zec 5:7,8). They were of various forms, such as the lion-shaped weights of Babylonia and Assyria, or in the form of birds and other animals. The Hebrew and Phoenician weights, when made of stone, were barrel-shaped or spindle-shaped, but in bronze they were often cubical or octagonal or with numerous faces (see illustration under WEIGHTS AND MEASURES). Hemispherical or dome-shaped stone weights have been found in Palestine (PEFS, 1902, p. 344; 1903, p. 117; 1904, p. 209).