Psalms 110:6 — Word Study
WLCיָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־ אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה׃
BSAHe will judgedîyn▸ [execute judgment, rule over] the nationsgôwy [Gentiles, heathen] heaping upmâlêʼ■ [filling the places with] the deadgᵉvîyâh [dead bodies, corpses] He will crushmâchats■ [strike through, wound] the leadersrôʼsh [heads, rulers] farʻal and widerab [over many countries, across the earth]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָדִ֣ין | he judges | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בַּ֭גּוֹיִם | among the nations | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| מָלֵ֣א | it is full | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| גְוִיּ֑וֹת | corpses | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| מָ֥חַץ | he shatters | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| רֹ֝֗אשׁ | chief[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עַל־ | over | Preposition |
| אֶ֥רֶץ | [the] earth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| רַבָּֽה׃ | great | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide. |
| KJV | He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. |
| ASV | He will judge among the nations, He will fill the places with dead bodies; He will strike through the head in many countries. |
| YLT | He doth judge among the nations, He hath completed the carcases, Hath smitten the head over the mighty earth. |
| WEB | He will judge among the nations. He will heap up dead bodies. He will crush the ruler of the whole earth. |
| BBE | He will be judge among the nations, the valleys will be full of dead bodies; the head over a great country will be wounded by him. |
Where they part company is רַבָּֽה׃ — see How Translations Differ.
The verse contains two main clauses, each detailing an action of judgment, with additional phrases providing context and specifics about the actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbדִּין
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 110:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment of the Nationsgenerated
Psalms 110:6 speaks of the Lord executing judgment over the nations, emphasizing His power to bring about death and destruction among leaders. This verse illustrates the Lord's authority and the consequences of His judgment, connecting to themes of divine justice found throughout the Psalms. The surrounding verses further elaborate on God's role as a ruler and judge, highlighting His sovereignty over all nations and peoples.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 2:10 | Those who oppose the LORD will be shattered. He will thunder from heaven against them. The LORD will judge the ends of the earth and will give power to His king. He will exalt the horn of His anointed.” |
| 2 | Isaiah 2:4 | Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war. |
| 3 | Isaiah 11:3 | And He will delight in the fear of the LORD. He will not judge by what His eyes see, and He will not decide by what His ears hear, |
| 4 | Isaiah 42:1–4 | “Here is My Servant, whom I uphold, My Chosen One, in whom My soul delights. I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will bring justice to the nations. |
| 5 | Isaiah 51:5 | My righteousness draws near, My salvation is on the way, and My arms will bring justice to the nations. The islands will look for Me and wait in hope for My arm. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 18 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָדִ֣ין, ya.Dingenerated
The verb יָדִין (ya.Din) is a Qal imperfect form meaning 'he judges.' It conveys the action of judging or governing, indicating an active role in executing judgment. The word encompasses various aspects of judgment, such as pleading a cause or contending, and is often used in the context of divine authority.
This form emphasizes the ongoing nature of God's judgment, suggesting that it is not a one-time event but a continuous action. The connection to the root דִּין (diyn) reinforces the idea of a straight course in judgment, indicating fairness and righteousness in His decisions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses judge for יָדִ֣ין, while the KJV and ASV also retain this meaning, emphasizing God's role in judgment.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around the finite verb יָדִ֣ין, he judges, which governs the actions described in the following phrases. The first clause presents the judgment, while the second clause describes the result of that judgment, specifically the filling of places with corpses.
The Hebrew word order places the main verb at the beginning, emphasizing the act of judgment, followed by the details of the consequences, which are articulated through the subsequent phrases.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָדִ֣ין as κρινεῖ (krinei), meaning 'he will judge.' This choice reflects a similar emphasis on divine judgment, aligning with the Hebrew meaning.
The translation of מָלֵ֣א as πληρώσει (plērōsei) indicates a filling action, maintaining the sense of completion in the context of judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 110:6 describes how the Lord will judge the nations, filling places with the dead and crushing their leaders. This verse highlights God's authority and power over all rulers and peoples.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God will execute His authority over the nations, determining their fate and holding them accountable for their actions.
This phrase indicates the consequences of God's judgment, leading to widespread death among those who oppose Him.
It emphasizes God's ultimate power and control over all nations and leaders, showcasing His role as the supreme judge.
It serves as a reminder that leaders are accountable to God for their actions and decisions, and that divine judgment is inevitable.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God's judgment at work in the world today?
- How can I ensure that I am living in alignment with God's standards of justice?
- What does this verse teach me about the responsibilities of leadership?
- How can I share the message of God's authority and judgment with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse highlights its significance in discussing God's judgment over nations and leaders, as seen in the writings of Augustine of Hippo.
"He shall judge among the heathen: He shall fill up what has fallen" [Psalms 110:6].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 110 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 110:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe shall judge among the Heathen,.... Either rule among the Gentiles, making them through his Gospel obedient by word and deed, and so reigning in their hearts by his Spirit and grace; and, by making
Read John Gill on Psalms 110 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. He shall judge among the heathen. "He" - namely, Messiah.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 110 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleShall judge; either, 1. Conquer and govern them; or rather, 2. Condemn and punish them, as it is explained in the following clauses, and as this word is used, ,2 , and elsewhere. The places; or, the place of battle, which is necessarily supposed in the fight, and therefore may very well be understood. Dead bodies of his enemies, slain by his hand, and lying in the field in great numbers and heaps, and that unburied, to their greater infamy. Shall wound the heads, Heb. the head; which may be understood, either, 1. Of some one person and eminent adversary of Christ, and of his kingdom; either the devil, by comparing this with , who was indeed the head or ruler of many countries, and indeed of…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 110 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 110:6 He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill [the places] with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries.Ver. 6. He shall judge among the heathen] Do execution upon his enemies, as Psalms 110:1, whether kings or commoners. He shall fill the places] The ditches of their own camps. He shall wound the heads] Heb. head; cruentabit caput, whereby some understand the Roman empire, with its image, antichrist with his adherents, who are called heathens, Revelation 11:2. Others, Turks and Saracens, reading the next words, Over the land of Rabbah, the chief city of the Ammonites, who were likewise Arabians; and so they make it an allusion to David’ s victories over…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 110 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) He shall judge.—Comp. Psalms 9:8, &c. He shall fill.—The construction is peculiar, and in the Hebrew for heathen and corpses there is a play on words. A slight change in the vowel pointing gives a better construction than is obtained by understanding any word as the Authorised Version does, and critics generally: He judges among the heathen fulness of corpses. At first the poet meant to write, “He judges among the heathen fulness of judgment” (comp. Job 36:17), but, for the sake of the play on the sound, changed his words to “fulness of corpses.” He shall wound the heads.—Literally, crushes a head over a vast land, where “head” means, as in Judges 7:16; Judges 7:20, a band or host of…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 110 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 6. He shall judge among the heathen] David shall greatly extend his dominion, and rule over the Idumeans, Moabites, Philistines, c. He shall fill-with the dead bodies] He shall fill pits - make heaps of slain there shall be an immense slaughter among his enemies. He shall wound the heads] He shall so bring down the power of all the neighbouring kings, as to cause them to acknowledge him as their lord, and pay him tribute.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 110 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. He shall judge among the nations] The subject of the sentence must be Jehovah. Cp. Psalms 7:8; Psalms 9:8; Psalms 76:9. The nations are the enemies of Psa 110:2. On them He will execute judgement, vindicating the cause of His king and people. he shall fill (the battle-field) with corpses] This is on the whole the best rendering of an obscurely brief phrase. The tense is, as before, a prophetic perfect. he shall shatter the heads over many countries] i.e. their rulers. But the usage of the phrase in Psalms 68:21, Habakkuk 3:13, points rather to the rendering, he shall shatter the head (of his enemies) over (all) the wide earth. The earth is the battle-field whereon He deals deadly blows…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 110 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe shall judge among the heathen - Among the “nations.” That is, he shall set up a kingdom, or shall rule over the nations of the earth.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 110 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide.
He will judge among the nations. He will heap up dead bodies. He will crush the ruler of the whole earth.
He will judge the nations, heaping up the dead; He will crush the leaders far and wide.
He executes judgment against the nations; he fills the valleys with corpses; he shatters their heads over the vast battlefield.
Tyndale line
He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries.
He will judge among the nations, He will fill the places with dead bodies; He will strike through the head in many countries.
He shall judge among the nations, he shall fill the places with dead bodies; he shall strike through the head in many countries.
He will judge among the heathen, he will fill the places with the dead bodies; he will wound the heads over many countries.
He shalbe iudge among the heathen: he shall fill all with dead bodies, and smite the head ouer great countreis.
Strictly literal
He shall judge among the nations; he shall fill [all places] with dead bodies; he shall smite through the head over a great country.
He doth judge among the nations, He hath completed the carcases, Hath smitten the head over the mighty earth.
He judges among the nations, || He has completed the carcasses, || Has struck the head over the mighty earth.
He will judge among the nations—there shall be a fulness of corpses—he crusheth heads on a wide-spread land.
He will judge the nations; he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies; he will kill the leaders in many countries.
From the Latin
He will shew forth to his people the power of his works.
Simplified
He will execute judgment on the nations, filling their lands with corpses. He will strike down those who rule all over the earth.
He will be judge among the nations, the valleys will be full of dead bodies; the head over a great country will be wounded by him.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with 9 of the 9 words matched. This indicates a strong consistency between the Hebrew and Greek traditions in conveying the meaning of this verse.
יָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־ אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 110:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
דִּין (diyn) means to judge or govern, encompassing actions like executing judgment, pleading a cause, and contending. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating both active and passive roles in judgment and strife. Strong's entry also notes a connection to a straight course, particularly in Genesis 6:3.
דִּין vb. judge
Qal
act as judge, minister judgment
plead the cause
execute judgment, vindicate
execute judgment, requite
govern
he cannot contend with one mightier than he
Niph. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel
base
H1777 דִּין judge .. act as judge, minister judgment
. plead the cause
. execute judgment, vindicate
. execute judgment, requite
. govern
. he cannot contend with one mightier than he
. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel
1777 diyn deen
or (Gen. 6:3) duwn {doon}; a primitive roy a straight course,
i.e. sail direct:--(come) with a straight course.
דִּין (din) — to judge.
1) to judge, contend, plead
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to act as judge, minister judgment
1a2) to plead a cause
1a3) to execute judgment, requite, vindicate
1a4) to govern
1a5) to contend, strive
1b) (Niphal) to be at strife, quarrel
Aramaic equivalent: din (דִּין "to judge" H1778)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
The judges were temporary and special deliverers, sent by God to deliver the Israelites from their oppressors; not supreme magistrates, succeeding to the authority of Moses and Joshua. Their power only extended over portions of the country, and some of them were contemporaneous. Their first work was that of deliverers and leaders in war; they then administered justice to the people, and their authority supplied the want of a regular government. Even while the administration of Samuel gave something like a settled government to the south, there was scope for the irregular exploits of Samson on the borders of the Philistines; and Samuel at last established his authority as judge and prophet, but still as the servant of Jehovah, only to see it so abused by his sons as to exhaust the patience of the people, who at length demanded a king , after the pattern of the surrounding nations. The…
In Hebrew Shophetim, were the rulers, chiefs, or leaders of Israel, from Joshua to Saul. They were very different from the ordinary administrators of justice among the Hebrews, respecting whom, see JUSTICE. The Carthaginians, a colony of the Tyrians, had likewise governors, whom they called Suffetes, or Sophetim, with authority almost equal to that of kings.
The dignity of judge was for life; but the succession was not always constant. There were anarchies, or intervals, during which the commonwealth was without rulers. There were likewise long intervals of foreign servitude and oppression, under which the Hebrews groaned without deliverers. Although God alone regularly appointed the judges, yet the people, on some occasions, chose that individual who appeared to them most proper to deliver them from oppression; and as it often happened that the oppressions which occasioned recourse to…
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
na'-shunz.
See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
גְּוִיָּה (gviyah) refers to a body, encompassing both living and dead forms. It can denote a living human body or a corpse, carcass, or dead body. The entries consistently emphasize its application to physical bodies, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
גְּוִיָּה n.f. body, corpse
living human body
dead body, corpse, carcass
base
H1472 גְּוִיָּה body, corpse . living human body
. dead body, corpse, carcass
1472 gviyah ghev-ee-yaw'
prolonged for 1465; a body, whether alive or dead:--(dead)
body, carcase, corpse.
see HEBREW for 01465
גְּוִיָּה (ge.viy.yah) — body.
1) a body (of living creatures)
2) a corpse, carcass, dead body
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
מָחַץ (machats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to smite through, wound severely, or shatter. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses actions like crushing, smashing, or violently plunging. The entries indicate a range of meanings that include both literal and figurative uses, such as to subdue or destroy.
מָחַץ vb. smite through, wound severely, shatter
base
H4272 מָחַץ smite through, wound severely, shatter
4272 machats maw-khats'
a primitive root; to dash asunder; by implication, to crush,
smash or violently plunge; figuratively, to subdue or
destroy:--dip, pierce (through), smite (through), strike
through, wound.
מָחַץ (ma.chats) — to wound.
1) to smite through, shatter, wound severely
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to shatter
1a2) shattering (participle)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.
רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.
(c. 230 t.) head, of human being
head, of animals
top (88 t.)
height, of stars
head = chief (man)
= chief (city)
chief nation
= chief (place, position)
= chief priest
= head of a family
head = front, leader's place
of time, beginning, of night watch
of things, river-heads
chief, choicest, best, of spices
head = division of army, company, band
= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
other phr.
base
רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh
base
H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being
. head, of animals
. . top (88 t.)
. height, of stars
. . head = chief (man)
. = chief (city)
. chief nation
. = chief (place, position)
. = chief priest
. = head of a family
. . head = front, leader's place
. of time, beginning, of night watch
. of things, river-heads
. chief, choicest, best, of spices
. head = division of army, company, band
. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
. other phr.
H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh
7218 ro'sh roshe
from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as
most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many
applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,
captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,
end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,
height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,
principal, ruler, sum, top.
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.
: head
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.
Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.
: leader
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.
: top/best
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAafsa