Psalms 109:13 — Word Study
WLCיְהִֽי־ אַחֲרִית֥וֹ לְהַכְרִ֑ית בְּד֥וֹר אַ֝חֵ֗ר יִמַּ֥ח שְׁמָֽם׃
BSAMay his descendantsʼachărîyth [posterity, seed, family] behâyâh▸ cut offkârath [destroyed, wiped out] may their nameshêm [identity, honor, character] be blotted outmâchâh▸ [erased, wiped away, forgotten] from the nextʼachêr [following, coming] generationdôwr [period of time, group of people]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יְהִֽי־ | may it be | Verb, Qal, jussive third person masculine singular |
| אַחֲרִית֥וֹ | posterity his | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לְהַכְרִ֑ית | to cut off | Preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
| בְּד֥וֹר | in a generation | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אַ֝חֵ֗ר | another | Adj |
| יִמַּ֥ח | may it be wiped out | Verb, Niphal, jussive third person masculine singular |
| שְׁמָֽם׃ | name their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | May his descendants be cut off; may their name be blotted out from the next generation. |
| KJV | Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out. |
| ASV | Let his posterity be cut off; In the generation following let their name be blotted out. |
| YLT | His posterity is for cutting off, In another generation is their name blotted out. |
| WEB | Let his posterity be cut off. In the generation following let their name be blotted out. |
| BBE | Let his seed be cut off; in the coming generation let their name go out of memory. |
Where they part company is אַחֵר — see How Translations Differ.
One main clause with two subordinate clauses detailing the desired actions regarding the descendants and their name.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 109:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Plea for Justice Against the Wickedgenerated
Psalm 109:13 is part of a larger lament where the psalmist seeks divine justice against the wicked. The preceding verses express a desire for the wicked man's descendants to be treated with the same contempt he has shown, and the following verses continue this theme of judgment. This psalm reflects the intense emotions surrounding justice and retribution in the face of evil.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 37:28 | For the LORD loves justice and will not forsake His saints. They are preserved forever, but the offspring of the wicked will be cut off. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 2:31–33 | Behold, the days are coming when I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father’s house, so that no older man will be left in your house. |
| 3 | 1 Samuel 3:13 | I told him that I would judge his house forever for the iniquity of which he knows, because his sons blasphemed God and he did not restrain them. |
| 4 | 2 Kings 10:10–11 | Know, then, that not a word the LORD has spoken against the house of Ahab will fail, for the LORD has done what He promised through His servant Elijah.” |
| 5 | Job 18:19 | He has no offspring or posterity among his people, no survivor where he once lived. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הַכְרִ֑ית, le.hakh.Ritgenerated
The verb כָּרַת (karath) means to cut off or destroy, and it carries connotations of severing relationships or eliminating existence. In this context, it emphasizes the psalmist's desire for the complete removal of the wicked man's lineage, highlighting the seriousness of the curse.
The hiphil form indicates causation, suggesting that the psalmist is calling upon God to act decisively in cutting off the descendants. This word is often associated with covenant-making, but here it is used to signify destruction, showing the depth of the psalmist's plea.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has cut off, which aligns with the KJV and ASV, both of which maintain the sense of total destruction.
Where others part company with the BSB is over אַחֵר — following (ASV, KJV) versus another (ILT, YLT) versus coming (BBE). Each choice reflects a different nuance of the Hebrew term.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יְהִֽי (yehi), הַכְרִ֑ית (le.hakhrit), and יִמַּ֥ח (yi.mach) govern the structure of the verse, indicating a series of jussive wishes. The main action is the cutting off of descendants, with the desire for their name to be blotted out hanging off it.
The order of the Hebrew emphasizes the urgency of the psalmist's plea, with the verbs positioned prominently to convey a strong wish for divine intervention.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew הַכְרִ֑ית is rendered as ἐχολέθρευσιν, which carries a sense of destruction or annihilation. This choice reflects a narrowing of focus on the act of total obliteration, aligning with the psalmist's intent.
The use of γενεᾷ for בְּד֥וֹר indicates a generational aspect, emphasizing the continuity of the curse through time.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 109:13 expresses a strong desire for the descendants of the wicked to be completely cut off and for their name to be erased from the next generation. This reflects a deep wish for justice and the removal of evil from the community.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that the psalmist is asking for the complete destruction of the wicked man's lineage, so that they will no longer exist.
The name represents identity and honor; erasing it signifies the removal of any legacy or memory of the wicked.
The verse illustrates the psalmist's plea for divine justice, desiring that evil and its consequences be completely eradicated.
It emphasizes the hope that future generations will not bear the consequences of the wicked man's actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see the consequences of evil actions in my own life or community?
- How can I respond to injustice in a way that aligns with my values and beliefs?
- What does it mean to me to have a legacy, and how do I want to be remembered?
- How do I reconcile the desire for justice with the call to love and forgive?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers often referenced this psalm to discuss themes of justice and divine retribution. Here is a quotation from Augustine of Hippo, who reflects on the implications of the psalmist's words.
But what is it that he next adds? "Let the wickedness of his fathers be had in remembrance in the sight of the Lord, and let not the sin of his mother be done away" [Psalms…Early Church Fathers on Psalms 109 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 109:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLet his posterity be cut off,.... As the seed of the wicked are said to be, Psalms 37:28, or cut down, as a tree to the very root; as the Jewish nation was by the axe of God's judgment, which, John
Read John Gill on Psalms 109 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryLet the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour. -God's visitation on the wicked man's property (Psalms 109:11-12); on his name and memorial (Psalms 109:13-15).
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 109 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn the generation following, Heb. in another generation; either in the third generation, or in the second, or that which next followed the generation of his fathers. So in this clause he limits the time of that destruction which he imprecates or foretells in the former.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 109 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 109:13 Let his posterity be cut off; [and] in the generation following let their name be blotted out.Ver. 13. Let his posterity be cut Off] Sit eius exitus excidium, so some render it, let his end be destruction; and it is better to take it, as we translate, "Let his posterity," &c. Let them be razed and rooted out of remembrance, they and their whole race. Let their name be blotted out] That they may not live, so much as by fame. The Edomites, Moabites, Ammonites, have no memorial but what they have in the Bible, and that is for no good. And the like may be said of Meroz, Judges 5:23, which seemeth to have been some city near the place where the battle was fought; but what it was…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 109 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) Posterity.—The Hebrew theory of the Divine government was, that if ruin did not overtake the sinner himself, it would fall on his posterity; his name would be forgotten, and his race extinct.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 109 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. Let his posterity be cut off] It is a fact that the distinction among the Jewish tribes in entirely lost. Not a Jew in the world knows from what tribe he is sprung; and as to the royal family, it remains nowhere but in the person of Jesus the Messiah. He alone is the Lion of the tribe of Judah. Except as it exists in him, the name is blotted out.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 109 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. Cp. Psalms 37:28; Psalms 37:38; Job 18:13-21. May his sons die childless, and in the next generation their name be removed from the register of citizens. Cp. Psalms 69:28. An Israelite, with his strong sense of family solidarity, looked forward to living on in his descendants; and the extinction of the family was contemplated as the most terrible of calamities. P.B.V. ‘his name,’ follows the Vulg. from the LXX.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 109 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleLet his posterity be cut off - To have a numerous posterity, to have the name and family perpetuated, was regarded among the Hebrews as one of the greatest and most desirable blessings.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 109 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
May his descendants be cut off; may their name be blotted out from the next generation.
Let his posterity be cut off. In the generation following let their name be blotted out.
May his descendants be cut off; may their name be blotted out from the next generation.
May his descendants be cut off! May the memory of them be wiped out by the time the next generation arrives!
Tyndale line
Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out.
Let his posterity be cut off; In the generation following let their name be blotted out.
Let his posterity be cut off; in the generation following let their name be blotted out.
Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out.
Let his posteritie be destroied, and in the generation following let their name be put out.
Strictly literal
Let his posterity be cut off; in the generation following let their name be blotted out:
His posterity is for cutting off, In another generation is their name blotted out.
His posterity is for cutting off, || Their name is blotted out in another generation.
Let his posterity be cut off: in another generation let their name be blotted out.
May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out in the next generation.
Simplified
May his descendants die; may his family name be wiped out in the next generation.
Let his seed be cut off; in the coming generation let their name go out of memory.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "יְהִֽי־ אַחֲרִית֥וֹ לְהַכְרִ֑ית בְּד֥וֹר אַ֝חֵ֗ר יִמַּ֥ח שְׁמָֽם׃" which translates to, "May his descendants be cut off; may their name be blotted out from the next generation." The Septuagint aligns closely with the Masoretic Text, matching all seven words, although its word order and articles differ due to its own grammatical structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q87) contain a fragment that supports the Masoretic Text but has one word partially restored and five supplied by an editor, indicating some textual variation. Overall, the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in meaning, while the Dead Sea Scrolls show slight differences in preservation.
יְהִֽי־ אַחֲרִית֥וֹ לְהַכְרִ֑ית בְּד֥וֹר אַ֝חֵ֗ר יִמַּ֥ח שְׁמָֽם׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[יהי] אחרית׳ו להכרית [בדור] [אחר] [ימח] [שמ׳ם]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 109:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine singularHVqj3ms
אַחֲרִית (achariyth) means 'end' or 'after-part' and encompasses concepts like the future, posterity, and remnants. It can refer to the last time or the latter part of events, often with prophetic implications. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be behind' and is noted in various contexts, including discussions of time and lineage.
אַחֲרִית 61 n.f. after-part, end
base
H319 אַחֲרִית after-part, end
319 'achariyth akh-ar-eeth'
from 310; the last or end, hence, the future; also
posterity:--(last, latter) end (time), hinder (utter) -most,
length, posterity, remnant, residue, reward.
see HEBREW for 0310
אַחֲרִית (a.cha.rit) — end.
1) after part, end
1a) end, issue, event
1b) latter time (prophetic for future time)
1c) posterity
1d) last, hindermost
Aramaic equivalent: a.cha.rit (אַחֲרִית "latter" H0320)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
כָּרַת (karath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut off, cut down, or make a covenant. It encompasses a range of actions from physically cutting to forming alliances, often implying destruction or elimination. The verb appears in various forms, indicating different nuances such as being cut off or destroyed. Notably, it can also refer to the act of making a covenant, which traditionally involved cutting flesh.
כָּרַת 291 vb. cut off, cut down
Qal
cut off
cut down
hew, timber
cut, or make a covenant
Niph.
be cut off
be cut down
be chewed between the teeth
be cut off, in a more general sense fail
Pual
be cut off
be cut down
Hiph.
cut off, flattering lips
cut off, destroy the life of
cut down, destroy, cities
take away
permit to perish
base
H3772 כָּרַת cut off, cut down .. cut off
. cut down
. hew, timber
. cut, or make a covenant
. . be cut off
. be cut down
. be chewed between the teeth
. be cut off, in a more general sense fail
.. be cut off
. be cut down
. . cut off, flattering lips
. cut off, destroy the life of
. cut down, destroy, cities
. take away
. permit to perish
3772 karath kaw-rath'
a primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by
implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant
(i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh
and passing between the pieces):--be chewed, be
con-(feder-)ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail,
feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league ((covenant)), X
lose, perish, X utterly, X want.
כָּרַת (ka.rat) — to cut: cut.
: cut/fell
1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut off
1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead
1a2) to cut down
1a3) to hew
1a4) to cut or make a covenant
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be cut off
1b2) to be cut down
1b3) to be chewed
1b4) to be cut off, fail
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be cut off
1c2) to be cut down
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cut off
1d2) to cut off, destroy
1d3) to cut down, destroy
1d4) to take away
1d5) to permit to perish
1e) (Hophal) cut off
כָּרַת (ka.rat) — to cut: make(covenant).
: make(covenant)
1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut off
1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead
1a2) to cut down
1a3) to hew
1a4) to cut or make a covenant
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be cut off
1b2) to be cut down
1b3) to be chewed
1b4) to be cut off, fail
Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a — Preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHR/Vhcc
The Hebrew word דּוֹר (dor) encompasses meanings related to a period or generation, often emphasizing the transitory nature of life. It can refer to a specific age, a class of people living at a certain time, or a dwelling place. The entries suggest a focus on both the temporal and spatial aspects of existence.
דּוֹר, דֹּר n.m. period, generation, dwelling
period, age, generation, mostly poet.
of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
dwelling-place, habitation
base
H1755 דּוֹר, דֹּר period, generation, dwelling . period, age, generation, mostly poet.
. of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
. dwelling-place, habitation
1755 dowr dore
or (shortened) dor {dore}; from 1752; properly, a revolution
of time, i.e. an age or generation; also a dwelling:--age, X
evermore, generation, (n-)ever, posterity.
see HEBREW for 01752
דּוֹר (dor) — generation.
1) period, generation, habitation, dwelling
1a) period, age, generation (period of time)
1b) generation (those living during a period)
1c) generation (characterised by quality, condition, class of men)
1d) dwelling-place, habitation
Aramaic equivalent: dar (דָּר "generation" H1859)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
jen-er-a'-shun (Latin generatio, from genero, "beget"):
(1) The translation
(a) of dor, "circle," "generation," hence, "age," "period," "cycle": "many generations" (De 32:7);
(b) the people of any particular period or those born about the same time: "Righteous before me in this generation" (Ge 7:1); "four generations" (Job 42:16);
Generation
Gen. 2:4, “These are the generations,” means the “history.” 5:1, “The book of the generations,” means a family register, or history of Adam. 37:2, “The generations of Jacob” = the history of Jacob and his descendants. 7:1, “In this generation” = in this age. Ps. 49:19, “The generation of his fathers” = the dwelling of his fathers, i.e., the grave. Ps. 73:15, “The generation of thy children” = the contemporary race. Isa. 53:8, “Who shall declare his generation?” = His manner of life who shall declare? or rather = His race, posterity, shall be so numerous that no one shall be able to declare it.
In the long-lived patriarchal age a generation seems to have been computed at 100 years, (Genesis 15:16) comp. Genesis15:13 and Eccl 12:40 But subsequently the reckoning was the same which has been adopted by modern civilized nations, viz. from thirty to forty years (Job 42:16) (Generation is also used to signify the men of an age or time, as contemporaries, (Genesis 6:9; Isaiah 53:8) posterity , especially in legal formulae, (Leviticus 3:17) etc.; fathers, or ancestors. (Psalms 49:19)
Besides the common acceptation of this word, as signifying race, descent, lineage, it is used for the history and genealogy of a person, as in Ge 5:1, "the book of the generations of Adam," that is, the history of Adam’s creation and of his posterity. So in Ge 2:4, "The generations of the heavens and of the earth," that is, their genealogy, so to speak, the history of the creation of heaven and earth; also in Mt 1:1, "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the history of his descent and life. "The present generation" comprises all those who are now alive; "This generation shall not pass till all be fulfilled," some now living shall witness the…
אַחֵר (acher) means 'another' or 'other' and can imply something that follows or is different. It is derived from a root that suggests hindrance or being next to something else. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, often referring to another person or thing.
אַחֵר adj. another
base
H312 אַחֵר another
312 'acher akh-air'
from 309; properly, hinder; generally, next, other,
etc.:--(an-)other man, following, next, strange.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחֵר (a.cher) — another.
1) another, other, following
1a) following, further
1b) other, different
Adj — AdjHAamsa
The Hebrew word מָחָה (machah) primarily means to wipe or erase, with implications of obliteration or destruction. It can denote actions like striking or smoothing, and has various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as being wiped out or blotted from memory. Notably, it appears in Numbers 34:11 and Isaiah 25:6.
H4229a מָחָה wipe, wipe out H4229b מָחָה strike H4229c מָחָה vb. denom. only Pu. Pt. fat pieces full of marrow
4229 machah maw-khaw'
a primitive root; properly, to stroke or rub; by implication,
to erase; also to smooth (as if with oil), i.e. grease or make
fat; also to touch, i.e. reach to:--abolish, blot out,
destroy, full of marrow, put out, reach unto, X utterly, wipe
(away, out).
מָחָה (ma.chah) — to wipe.
1) to wipe, wipe out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to wipe
1a2) to blot out, obliterate
1a3) to blot out, exterminate
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be wiped out
1b2) to be blotted out
1b3) to be exterminated
1c) (Hiphil) to blot out (from memory)
מָחָה (ma.chah) — to strike.
(Qal) to strike
מָחָה (ma.chah) — be marrow.
(Pual) full of marrow (participle)
V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · jussive third person masculine singularHVNj3ms
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp