Deuteronomy 32:5 — Word Study
WLCשִׁחֵ֥ת ל֛וֹ לֹ֖א בָּנָ֣יו מוּמָ֑ם דּ֥וֹר עִקֵּ֖שׁ וּפְתַלְתֹּֽל׃
BSA[His people] have acted corruptlyshâchath■ [those who claim to follow Him, dealt corruptly, sinned against] the blemish [on them is]mʼûwm notlôʼ that of His childrenbên [sons, descendants] but of a perverseʻiqqêsh [twisted, wicked] and crookedpᵉthaltôl△ [distorted, false] generationdôwr [period of time, group of people]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שִׁחֵ֥ת | it has acted corruptly | Verb, Piel, perfect third person masculine singular |
| ל֛וֹ | to him | Preposition, suffix |
| לֹ֖א | not | Particle |
| בָּנָ֣יו | children his | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| מוּמָ֑ם | blemish their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| דּ֥וֹר | a generation | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עִקֵּ֖שׁ | perverse | Adj |
| וּפְתַלְתֹּֽל׃ | and crooked | Conjunction |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | His people have acted corruptly toward Him; the spot on them is not that of His children, but of a perverse and crooked generation. |
| KJV | They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation. |
| ASV | They have dealt corruptly with him, they are not his children, it is their blemish; They are a perverse and crooked generation. |
| YLT | It hath done corruptly to Him; Their blemish is not His sons', A generation perverse and crooked! |
| WEB | They have dealt corruptly with him. They are not his children, because of their defect. They are a perverse and crooked generation. |
| BBE | They have become false, they are not his children, the mark of sin is on them; they are an evil and hard-hearted generation. |
The translations agree on the core message of the verse, emphasizing the corruption of God's people.
The main clause is followed by two phrases that clarify the nature of the people's actions and their identity.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁחַת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Deuteronomy 32:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Song of Mosesgenerated
Deuteronomy 32:5 is part of a song by Moses that recounts the faithfulness of God contrasted with the unfaithfulness of His people. Here, Moses emphasizes the corruption of Israel, reflecting on how they have turned away from God despite His goodness. This passage serves as a warning and reminder of the consequences of disobedience, as seen in the surrounding verses that highlight God's righteousness and the people's folly.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 4:16 | that you do not act corruptly and make an idol for yourselves of any form or shape, whether in the likeness of a male or female, |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 31:29 | For I know that after my death you will become utterly corrupt and turn from the path I have commanded you. And in the days to come, disaster will befall you because you will do evil in the sight of the LORD to provoke Him to anger by the work of your hands.” |
| 3 | Genesis 6:12 | And God looked upon the earth and saw that it was corrupt; for all living creatures on the earth had corrupted their ways. |
| 4 | Exodus 32:7 | Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go down at once, for your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves. |
| 5 | Judges 2:19 | But when the judge died, the Israelites became even more corrupt than their fathers, going after other gods to serve them and bow down to them. They would not give up their evil practices and stubborn ways. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 19 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁחֵ֥ת, shi.Chetgenerated
The verb שָׁחַת (shi.Chet) means to ruin or corrupt. It encompasses a range of actions including decay, spoilage, and moral perversion. The parsing indicates it is a Piel verb, which often intensifies the meaning, suggesting a deliberate action of corruption.
This word is used to describe both physical and moral degradation. In this context, it highlights the seriousness of the people's actions against God, indicating a deep moral failure rather than mere negligence.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree here, with all versions using similar terms to convey the idea of corruption.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is שִׁחֵ֥ת (shi.Chet), which governs the structure of the sentence. The phrase toward Him indicates the direction of the action, while the subsequent clauses describe the nature of the people's flaws.
The syntax emphasizes the contrast between the people's actions and their identity as God's children, with the structure highlighting the moral implications of their corruption.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שִׁחֵ֥ת as ἡμάρτοσαν, which means 'they have sinned.' This choice reflects a broader interpretation of the Hebrew term, focusing on the aspect of sin rather than just corruption.
This translation indicates an understanding of the people's actions as not only corrupt but also as a transgression against God, aligning with the moral implications present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Deuteronomy 32:5 describes how God's people have acted corruptly towards Him. It emphasizes that their flaws are not the marks of His children, but rather reflect a morally twisted and deceitful generation. This highlights the seriousness of their actions and their departure from God's ways.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that they have turned away from God's commands and engaged in actions that are morally wrong, showing a lack of fidelity to their covenant with Him.
This verse contrasts the corruption of the people with God's perfect nature, as highlighted in the previous verses, showing that while God is faithful, His people have failed to uphold their end of the covenant.
This term emphasizes the moral distortion and the deviation from righteousness that characterizes the people, illustrating their failure to live according to God's standards.
We can reflect on our own actions and ensure that we are living in a way that honors God, avoiding corruption and staying true to our commitments as His people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways might I be acting contrary to God's ways in my life?
- How can I encourage others to remain faithful to God amidst a culture that may be morally corrupt?
- What steps can I take to ensure my actions reflect my identity as a child of God?
- How does understanding the historical context of Israel's corruption help me in my own spiritual journey?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 32:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey have corrupted themselves,.... This and what follows may seem to be the characters of the enemies of Christ, who lightly esteemed and rejected him, set in a contrast with him; who were not only
Read John Gill on Deuteronomy 32 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation.
Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 32 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey, i.e. the Israelites, as the following words manifest. Corrupted themselves: this phrase sometimes in Scripture notes sin, and sometimes destruction. And so the sense may be either, 1. Their wickedness is not from God, but from themselves, and their own choice; they have wilfully and industriously depraved themselves, and sold themselves to sin. Or rather, 2. Their destruction is not from God. who is just and true, &c., as was now said, but wholly and solely from themselves, and from their own wickedness, as it here follows. Their spot is not the spot of his children, i.e. their blemishes or sins are not committed through ignorance, or frailty, or surprisal, as good men sometimes sin…
Read Matthew Poole on Deuteronomy 32 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDeuteronomy 32:5 They have corrupted themselves, their spot [is] not [the spot] of his children: [they are] a perverse and crooked generation.Ver. 5. Their spot is not the spot.] Saints also have their spots, but not ingrained; not leopards’ spots, that are not in the skin only, but the flesh and bones, in the sinews, and the most inner parts, and so cannot be cured by any art, or washed away with any water. It is of incogitancy that the saints fall; put them in mind, and they mend all: it is of passion, and passions last not long. They are preoccupated, taken at unawares, &c. They have ever God for their chief end, and will not forego him upon any terms: only they err in the way, as…
Read John Trapp on Deuteronomy 32 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5)— “He (Israel) hath destroyed himself. Their undutifulness,[5] that is their blot, [5] Literally, they are no sons to him. (Comp. Deuteronomy 32:20.) A froward and crooked generation !” These first two lines are given up as hopeless by many interpreters, not because the words are difficult of translation, but from the great variety of possible interpretations. After careful consideration of the passage with a learned Christian Hebrew,[6] I venture to propound this as the true translation. It is substantially identical with that of the English margin. The Hebrew consists of five words only (1) “He-hath-corrupted (2) to-him (3) not (4) his-sons (5) their blemish.” That the first two ought…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Deuteronomy 32 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. Their spot is not the spot of his children] This verse is variously translated and variously understood. They are corrupted, not his, children of pollution. - KENNICOTT. They are corrupt, they are not his children, they are blotted. - HOUBIGANT. This is according to the Samaritan. The interpretation commonly given to these words is as unfounded as it is exceptionable: "God's children have their spots, i. e., their sins, but sin in them is not like sin in others; in others sin is exceedingly sinful, but God does not see the sins of his children as he sees the sins of his enemies," c. Unfortunately for this bad doctrine, there is no foundation for it in the sacred text, which, though…
Read AdamClarke on Deuteronomy 32 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. The text of the first line is corrupt; lit. he has dealt corruptly (as in Deuteronomy 9:12, cp. Deuteronomy 31:29) with him, not his sons, their blemish. Sam. LXX: they dealt corruptly not his sons, blameworthy things. Possible emendations, they dealt corruptly with him sons of blemish; his sons have corrupted their faithfulness to him; or as above. The line is overloaded. On blemish in physical sense see Deuteronomy 15:21, Deuteronomy 17:1. twisted and crooked] Or tortuous; cp. Deuteronomy 5:20.
Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 32 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible5. They have corrupted themselves — A striking contrast is now presented. Jehovah, their God, is perfect, is unchangeable.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Deuteronomy 32 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
His people have acted corruptly toward Him; the spot on them is not that of His children, but of a perverse and crooked generation.
They have dealt corruptly with him. They are not his children, because of their defect. They are a perverse and crooked generation.
His people have acted corruptly toward Him; the blemish on them is not that of His children, but of a perverse and crooked generation.
His people have been unfaithful to him; they have not acted like his children – this is their sin. They are a perverse and deceitful generation.
Tyndale line
They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation.
They have dealt corruptly with him, they are not his children, it is their blemish; They are a perverse and crooked generation.
They have dealt corruptly with him, they are not his children, it is their blemish; They are a perverse and crooked generation.
They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation.
They haue corrupted them selues towarde him by their vice, not being his children, but a frowarde and crooked generation.
Strictly literal
They have dealt corruptly with him; Not his children's is their spot: — A crooked and perverted generation!
It hath done corruptly to Him; Their blemish is not His sons', A generation perverse and crooked!
It has done corruptly to Him; Their blemish is not of His sons, || A generation perverse and crooked!
The corruption is not his, it is the defect of his children, of the perverse and crooked generation.
They have acted corruptly against him. They are not his children. It is their disgrace. They are a perverted and crooked generation.
From the Latin
They have sinned against him, and are nose of his children in their filth: they are a wicked and perverse generation.
Simplified
His children have acted immorally towards him; so they are no longer his children because of their sinful stains. They are a perverse and corrupt people.
They have become false, they are not his children, the mark of sin is on them; they are an evil and hard-hearted generation.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with all eight words matched. The Samaritan Pentateuch shows some variation, differing in three words: it uses שׁחתו (destroy), בני (son), and מום (blemish), which suggests a slightly different emphasis on the nature of the corruption.
שִׁחֵ֥ת ל֛וֹ לֹ֖א בָּנָ֣יו מוּמָ֑ם דּ֥וֹר עִקֵּ֖שׁ וּפְתַלְתֹּֽל׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שׁחתו לא לו בני מום דור עקשׁ ופתלתל
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: שׁחתו (destroy), בני (son), מום (blemish)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 32:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁחַת (shachath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ruin or corrupt. It encompasses a range of actions including decay, spoilage, and moral perversion, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances of destruction or corruption. The word appears in contexts that suggest both physical and moral degradation.
[שָׁחַת] 161 vb. go to ruin (?)
Niph. be marred, spoiled
Pi.
spoil, ruin
pervert, corrupt
Hiph.
spoil, ruin
pervert, corrupt
Hoph. spoiled, ruined
base
H7843 [שָׁחַת] go to ruin (?) . be marred, spoiled
. . spoil, ruin
. pervert, corrupt
. . spoil, ruin
. pervert, corrupt
. spoiled, ruined
7843 shachath shaw-khath'
a primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin
(literally or figuratively):--batter, cast off, corrupt(-er,
thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill,
spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r).
שָׁחַת (sha.chat) — to ruin.
1) to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay
1a) (Niphal) to be marred, be spoiled, be corrupted, be corrupt, be injured, be ruined, be rotted
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to spoil, ruin
1b2) to pervert, corrupt, deal corruptly (morally)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to spoil, ruin, destroy
1c2) to pervert, corrupt (morally)
1c3) destroyer (participle)
1d) (Hophal) spoiled, ruined (participle)
Aramaic equivalent: she.chat (שְׁחַת "to corrupt" H7844)
V-Piel-Perf-3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singularHVpp3ms
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HRd/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3ms
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
מאוּם (m'um) and מוּם (mum) both mean 'blemish' or 'defect,' referring to physical or moral imperfections. The entries suggest a connection to a root meaning to stain. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding the meaning or usage of this word.
מאוּם n.m. blemish, defect
base
מוּם n.m. (= foregoing [m.ad.ab]) blemish, defect
base
H3971a מאוּם blemish, defect H3971b מוּם blemish, defect
3971 m'uwm moom
usually muwm {moom}; as if passive participle from an unused
root probably meaning to stain; a blemish (physically or
morally):--blemish, blot, spot.
מאוּם (m.um) — blemish.
1) blemish, spot, defect
1a) of physical defect
1b) of moral stain
מוּם (mum) — blemish.
1) blemish, spot, defect
1a) of physical defect
1b) of moral stain
Also means: m.um (מאוּם "blemish" H3971A)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word דּוֹר (dor) encompasses meanings related to a period or generation, often emphasizing the transitory nature of life. It can refer to a specific age, a class of people living at a certain time, or a dwelling place. The entries suggest a focus on both the temporal and spatial aspects of existence.
דּוֹר, דֹּר n.m. period, generation, dwelling
period, age, generation, mostly poet.
of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
dwelling-place, habitation
base
H1755 דּוֹר, דֹּר period, generation, dwelling . period, age, generation, mostly poet.
. of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
. dwelling-place, habitation
1755 dowr dore
or (shortened) dor {dore}; from 1752; properly, a revolution
of time, i.e. an age or generation; also a dwelling:--age, X
evermore, generation, (n-)ever, posterity.
see HEBREW for 01752
דּוֹר (dor) — generation.
1) period, generation, habitation, dwelling
1a) period, age, generation (period of time)
1b) generation (those living during a period)
1c) generation (characterised by quality, condition, class of men)
1d) dwelling-place, habitation
Aramaic equivalent: dar (דָּר "generation" H1859)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
jen-er-a'-shun (Latin generatio, from genero, "beget"):
(1) The translation
(a) of dor, "circle," "generation," hence, "age," "period," "cycle": "many generations" (De 32:7);
(b) the people of any particular period or those born about the same time: "Righteous before me in this generation" (Ge 7:1); "four generations" (Job 42:16);
Generation
Gen. 2:4, “These are the generations,” means the “history.” 5:1, “The book of the generations,” means a family register, or history of Adam. 37:2, “The generations of Jacob” = the history of Jacob and his descendants. 7:1, “In this generation” = in this age. Ps. 49:19, “The generation of his fathers” = the dwelling of his fathers, i.e., the grave. Ps. 73:15, “The generation of thy children” = the contemporary race. Isa. 53:8, “Who shall declare his generation?” = His manner of life who shall declare? or rather = His race, posterity, shall be so numerous that no one shall be able to declare it.
In the long-lived patriarchal age a generation seems to have been computed at 100 years, (Genesis 15:16) comp. Genesis15:13 and Eccl 12:40 But subsequently the reckoning was the same which has been adopted by modern civilized nations, viz. from thirty to forty years (Job 42:16) (Generation is also used to signify the men of an age or time, as contemporaries, (Genesis 6:9; Isaiah 53:8) posterity , especially in legal formulae, (Leviticus 3:17) etc.; fathers, or ancestors. (Psalms 49:19)
Besides the common acceptation of this word, as signifying race, descent, lineage, it is used for the history and genealogy of a person, as in Ge 5:1, "the book of the generations of Adam," that is, the history of Adam’s creation and of his posterity. So in Ge 2:4, "The generations of the heavens and of the earth," that is, their genealogy, so to speak, the history of the creation of heaven and earth; also in Mt 1:1, "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the history of his descent and life. "The present generation" comprises all those who are now alive; "This generation shall not pass till all be fulfilled," some now living shall witness the…
עִקֵּשׁ (iqqesh) means twisted or perverted, conveying a sense of distortion or crookedness. It is derived from the root word עָקַשׁ (‘aqash), which also relates to these themes. The entries consistently emphasize its negative connotations, describing something that is false or morally corrupt.
עִקֵּשׁ adj. twisted, perverted
base
H6141 עִקֵּשׁ twisted, perverted
6141 `iqqesh ik-kashe'
from 6140; distorted; hence, false:--crooked, froward,
perverse.
see HEBREW for 06140
עִקֵּשׁ (iq.qesh) — twisted.
twisted, distorted, crooked, perverse, perverted
Adj — AdjHAamsa
per-vurs': The group "perverse, -ly, -ness," "act perversely" in the King James Version represents nearly 20 Hebrew words, of which, however, most are derivatives of the stems `awah, luz, `aqash. The Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes. In Job 6:30, the Revised Version (British and American) "mischievous" is better for the taste of a thing, and in Isa 59:3 greater emphasis is gained by the Revised Version (British and American) "wickedness." In Eze 9:9, "wresting of judgment" is perhaps too concrete, and "perverseness" is kept in the margin (inverted in the King James Version). the Revised Version margin "headlong" in Nu 22:32 is over-literal, but in…
פְּתַלְתֹּל (pthaltol) means tortuous or twisted. It is derived from the root word פָּתַל (pathal), which suggests a crafty or crooked nature. The term appears in Deuteronomy 32:5, where it describes something that is not straightforward.
פְּתַלְתֹּל adj. tortuous;—Dt 32:5.
ref
H6618 פְּתַלְתֹּל tortuous
6618 pthaltol peth-al-tole'
from 6617; tortuous (i.e. crafty):--crooked.
see HEBREW for 06617
פְּתַלְתֹּל (pe.tal.tol) — twisted.
twisted, tortuous
Conj | Adj — ConjunctionHC/Aamsa
krook'-ed (`awah, `aqash, `aqalqal, `aqallathon, pethaltol; skolios): Primarily designates something that is bent, twisted or deformed (Isa 27:1; 45:2 the King James Version).
Figurative:
(1) It designates a course of action that deviates from rectitude, especially deceit, guile, hypocrisy (De 32:5; Pr 2:15; Ec 1:15; Lu 3:5; compare Php 2:15);