Proverbs 1:8 — Word Study
WLCשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־ תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃
BSAListenshâmaʻ [hear and obey, give attention to] my sonbên [a child of God, a descendant] to your father’sʼâb [the paternal figure, the one who guides] instructionmûwçâr [discipline, correction, guidance] and do not forsakenâṭash▸ [refuse, reject, leave, abandon, permit to go astray] the teachingtôwrâh [law, commandment, wisdom] of your motherʼêm [the maternal figure, the one who nurtures]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שְׁמַ֣ע | listen to | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| בְּ֭נִי | O son my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מוּסַ֣ר | [the] correction of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אָבִ֑יךָ | father your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְאַל־ | and may not | Conjunction, particle |
| תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ | you reject | Verb, Qal, jussive second person masculine singular |
| תּוֹרַ֥ת | [the] instruction of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| אִמֶּֽךָ׃ | mother your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother. |
| KJV | My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother: |
| ASV | My son, hear the instruction of thy father, And forsake not the law of thy mother: |
| YLT | Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, And leave not the law of thy mother, |
| WEB | My son, listen to your father’s instruction, and don’t forsake your mother’s teaching; |
| BBE | My son, give ear to the training of your father, and do not give up the teaching of your mother: |
The translations agree on the essential message of the verse, emphasizing the importance of heeding parental guidance.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by a conjunction and a negative imperative, emphasizing the dual importance of listening and adhering to parental guidance.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבֵּן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 1:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Importance of Parental Guidancegenerated
Proverbs 1:8 emphasizes the necessity of listening to parental instruction, highlighting the roles of both father and mother in imparting wisdom. This verse is situated within a larger context that discusses the fear of the LORD as the foundation of knowledge, as seen in Proverbs 1:7. It serves as a reminder of the value of discipline and the importance of adhering to the teachings of those who care for us.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 1:10–15 | My son, if sinners entice you, do not yield to them. |
| 2 | Proverbs 2:1 | My son, if you accept my words and hide my commandments within you, |
| 3 | Proverbs 3:1 | My son, do not forget my teaching, but let your heart keep my commandments; |
| 4 | Proverbs 7:1 | My son, keep my words and treasure my commandments within you. |
| 5 | Matthew 9:2–22 | Just then some men brought to Him a paralytic lying on a mat. When Jesus saw their faith, He said to the paralytic, “Take courage, son; your sins are forgiven.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׁמַע, she.Ma'generated
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and implies not just hearing but also listening with the intent to obey. It is often used in contexts where attention and response are required, such as when God speaks to His people in the Torah.
The imperative form here indicates a strong call to action, urging the son to actively listen and engage with his father's teachings. This word sets the tone for the importance of obedience in the pursuit of wisdom.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the core message of the verse, emphasizing the importance of listening to parental guidance.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of two main clauses: the first commands the son to listen to his father's instruction, while the second advises him not to forsake his mother's teaching. The structure emphasizes the dual roles of both parents in imparting wisdom.
The finite verb שְׁמַע governs the first clause, while the negative imperative אַל introduces the second clause. This arrangement highlights the importance of both listening and adhering to parental guidance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שְׁמַע as ἄκουε (akoue), which also means 'listen.' This choice maintains the imperative call to attention, aligning closely with the Hebrew intent.
The translation of מוּסָר as παιδείαν (paideian) indicates a focus on discipline and instruction, reinforcing the moral and educational aspect of the father's guidance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 1:8 tells us to listen to our father's guidance and not to neglect our mother's teachings. This verse highlights the value of wisdom passed down from parents, showing how important it is to pay attention to their instructions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means to pay attention to and follow the guidance and teachings provided by your father, which are meant to help you grow in wisdom.
Forsaking your mother's teaching means rejecting valuable wisdom and guidance that can help shape your character and decisions.
You can apply this verse by actively listening to your parents' advice and making an effort to follow their teachings in your daily life.
Parental guidance is significant because it provides a foundation for moral values and wisdom, helping children navigate life's challenges.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I benefited from listening to my parents' guidance?
- How can I ensure that I do not neglect the teachings of my mother?
- What steps can I take to actively listen to my father's instruction?
- How can I apply the wisdom from my parents in my everyday decisions?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the roles of God and the Church as parental figures, emphasizing the importance of divine guidance and moral instruction.
God is Father of the righteous. Whoever practices justice was born from God. Our mother is the church, whose bridegroom is our Lord Jesus Christ. Our laws are the apostolic constitutions.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →
Our Lord … offers us his hand, takes part in the struggle, and seemingly in every way hands over our adversary to us in defeat, striving might and main that we may prevail and wrest the victory,Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →
If you preserve in your faithful heart the law of your Father and observe the commands of your mother, you will receive the crown of graces on your head and the golden necklace in the resurrection of the righteous ones.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 1:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMy son, hear the instruction of thy father,.... This is not to be understood of God the Father of mankind, and of that law which he has given them, as Jarchi and Gersom interpret it, but of Solomon
Read John Gill on Proverbs 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMy son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother: My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother. Even bad parents generally instruct their sons to do right.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy son; he speaks to his scholars with paternal authority and affection, to make them more attentive and obedient. Teachers among the Hebrews and others were commonly called fathers, and their scholars their sons. The instruction of thy father; his good and wholesome counsels, but not such as are contrary to God’ s law, . The law of thy mother; those pious instructions which thy mother instilled into thee in thy tender years. See 3:14,15. This he adds, because children, when grown up, are very prone to slight their mother’ s advice, because of the infirmity of their sex, and because they have not that dependence upon and expectation from their mothers which they have from their fathers.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 1:8 My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:Ver. 8. Hear the instruction of thy father, &c.] It is not fit to disobey God, thy father, nor thy teacher, saith Aristotle Our parents, said Hierocles, are Yεοιεφεστιοι, our household gods: and their words should be received as oracles. This is a principal fruit of the fear of God, which it here fitly followeth: like as in the decalogue, the commandment for honouring of parents is set next of all to those of the first table, nay, is indeed, as Philo saith of it, ειτολημικτη, a mixed commandment. μηκαλονχρινεινεναντιατοιςθεοις, πατρι, καιδιδασκαλω. - Arist. Rhet.
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) My son.—The address as of a master to his pupil. This phrase only occurs twice again in Proverbs, excepting in sections (2) and (4). Law.—Rather, teaching. (Comp. Proverbs 3:1.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. My son, hear] Father was the title of preceptor, and son, that of disciple or scholar, among the Jews. But here the reference appears to be to the children of a family; the father and the mother have the principal charge, in the first instance, of their children's instruction. It is supposed that these parents have, themselves, the fear of the Lord, and that they are capable of giving the best counsel to their children, and that they set before them a strict example of all godly living. In vain do parents give good advice if their own conduct be not consistent. The father occasionally gives instruction; but he is not always in the family, many of those occupations which are…
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesFirst Address. Chap. Proverbs 1:8-19 Proverbs 1:8-9. In these two verses the writer passes to direct appeal. The form of appeal, My son, which is continually repeated throughout these opening chapters, strikes the key-note of the strain in which all the succeeding exhortations and counsels are cast. It indicates not only the fatherly relation which the Teacher assumes towards the young and inexperienced whom he has undertaken to instruct, but also the true source and authority of the teaching he will give them. The Law, though not clothed, as we have seen (Introd. pp. 12, 13) in this Book in its Jewish garb, is recognised in its eternal principles. “The instruction of the father,” and “the…
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 1 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTO AVOID THE WAYS OF EVIL MEN, Proverbs 1:8-19. 8. Having thus stated in a beautiful and comprehensive aphorism the relation of true piety or religious principle to worthy intellectual attainments,
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.
My son, listen to your father’s instruction, and don’t forsake your mother’s teaching;
Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.
Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother.
Tyndale line
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, And forsake not the law of thy mother:
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:
My sonne, heare thy fathers instruction, and forsake not thy mothers teaching.
Strictly literal
Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the teaching of thy mother;
Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, And leave not the law of thy mother,
Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, || And do not leave the law of your mother,
Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, and cast not off the teaching of thy mother;
My son, hear the instruction of your father and do not lay aside the rules of your mother;
From the Latin
My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:
Simplified
My son, pay attention to your father's instruction, and don't reject your mother's teaching.
My son, give ear to the training of your father, and do not give up the teaching of your mother:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all eight words matching in the Hebrew and Greek translations. This consistency underscores the shared understanding of the importance of parental instruction.
שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־ תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 1:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
מוּסָר (mūsar) refers to discipline, chastening, and correction, particularly of a moral nature. It encompasses concepts like reproof, warning, and instruction, and can also imply restraint or bonds. The entries consistently highlight its focus on moral and instructional aspects, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מוּסָר n.m. discipline (of the moral nature), chastening, correction
base
H4148 מוּסָר discipline (of the moral nature), chastening, correction
4148 muwcar moo-sawr'
from 3256; properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof,
warning or instruction; also restraint:--bond, chastening
((-eth)), chastisement, check, correction, discipline,
doctrine, instruction, rebuke.
see HEBREW for 03256
מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline.
: discipline/punishment
1) discipline, chastening, correction
1a) discipline, correction
1b) chastening
מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline: instruction.
: instruction
1) discipline, chastening, correction
1a) discipline, correction
1b) chastening
מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline: bonds.
: bonds/noose
1) discipline, chastening, correction
1a) discipline, correction
1b) chastening
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
HC/Tn — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
The Hebrew word נָטַשׁ (*natash*) is built from a primitive root meaning to pound or smite, which implies dispersing or thrusting off. It covers a range of meanings including to leave, forsake, permit, and abandon. The word can also refer to being forsaken or loosened, and is used in contexts such as deserted palaces.
נָטַשׁ vb. leave, forsake, permit
Qal
leave, let alone
usu. forsake, abandon
permit
Niph.
be forsaken
be loosened or loose (prop. be let alone, left to hang down) of ship’s tackle
be let go, spread abroad
Pu. palaces are abandoned, deserted
base
H5203 נָטַשׁ leave, forsake, permit .. leave, let alone
. usu. forsake, abandon
. permit
. . be forsaken
. be loosened or loose (prop. be let alone, left to hang down) of ship’s tackle
. be let go, spread abroad
. palaces are abandoned, deserted
5203 natash naw-tash'
a primitive root; properly, to pound, i.e. smite; by
implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to
disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusively,
reject, let alone, permit, remit, etc.):--cast off, drawn, let
fall, forsake, join (battle), leave (off), lie still, loose,
spread (self) abroad, stretch out, suffer.
נָטַשׁ (na.tash) — to leave.
1) to leave, permit, forsake, cast off or away, reject, suffer, join, spread out or abroad, be loosed, cease, abandon, quit, hang loose, cast down, make a raid, lie fallow, let fall, forgo, draw
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to leave, let alone, lie fallow, entrust to
1a2) to forsake, abandon
1a3) to permit
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be forsaken
1b2) to be loosened, be loose
1b3) to be let go, spread abroad
1c) (Pual) to be abandoned, be deserted
V-Qal-Juss-2ms — Verb · Qal · jussive second person masculine singularHVqj2ms
תּוֹרָה (towrah) encompasses concepts of direction, instruction, and law, particularly relating to divine or human guidance. It refers to legal directives, customs, and teachings, including the Decalogue and the Pentateuch. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, such as prophetic and priestly instruction, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
תּוֹרָה n.f. direction, instruction, law
instruction
law (prop. direction)
custom, manner
base
H8451 תּוֹרָה direction, instruction, law . instruction
. law (prop. direction)
. custom, manner
8451 towrah to-raw'
or torah {to-raw'}; from 3384; a precept or statute,
especially the Decalogue or Pentateuch:--law.
see HEBREW for 03384
תּוֹרָה (to.rah) — instruction.
1) law, direction, instruction
1a) instruction, direction (human or divine)
1a1) body of prophetic teaching
1a2) instruction in Messianic age
1a3) body of priestly direction or instruction
1a4) body of legal directives
1b) law
1b1) law of the burnt offering
1b2) of special law, codes of law
1c) custom, manner
1d) the Deuteronomic or Mosaic Law
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֵם (em) means 'mother' and can refer to a human mother, an animal's dam, or even a figurative sense, such as Deborah's nurturing role for her people. It also conveys the idea of a point of departure or division. This word is built from a primitive root and encompasses both literal and figurative meanings.
אֵם 221 n.f. mother
lit. (human) mother
fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
of animals, dam
= point of departure or division
base
H517 אֵם mother . lit. (human) mother
. fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
. of animals, dam
. = point of departure or division
517 'em ame
a primitive word; a mother (as the bond of the family); in a
wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like 1):--dam,
mother, X parting.
see HEBREW for 01
אֵם (em) — mother.
1) mother
1a) of humans
1b) of Deborah's relationship to the people (fig.)
1c) of animals
2) point of departure or division
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2ms