Joel 1:7 — Word Study
WLCשָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִי֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י לִקְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃
BSAIt has laidsûwm■ wasteshammâh [made desolate, ruined] My grapevinegephen [vine] and splinteredqᵉtsâphâh△ [broken into fragments, shattered] My fig treetᵉʼên [fig, a common food source] ◂It has stripped off the barkchâsaph [made bare, uncovered] and thrown it awayshâlak■ [cast it down, discarded] the branchessârîyg [tendrils, twining shoots] have turned whitelâban■ [become pale, lost vitality]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׂ֤ם | it has made | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| גַּפְנִי֙ | vine[s] my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| לְשַׁמָּ֔ה | into a waste | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י | and fig tree[s] my | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לִקְצָפָ֑ה | into a stump | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| חָשֹׂ֤ף | completely | Verb, Qal, infinitive absolute |
| חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ | it has stripped bare it | Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ | and it has thrown [it] away | Conjunction, verb hiphil perfect third person masculine singular |
| הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ | they have become white | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person common plural |
| שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃ | branches its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | It has laid waste My grapevine and splintered My fig tree. It has stripped off the bark and thrown it away; the branches have turned white. |
| KJV | He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. |
| ASV | He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig-tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. |
| YLT | It hath made my vine become a desolation, And my fig-tree become a chip, It hath made it thoroughly bare, and hath cast down, Made white have been its branches. |
| WEB | He has laid my vine waste, and stripped my fig tree. He has stripped its bark, and thrown it away. Its branches are made white. |
| BBE | By him my vine is made waste and my fig-tree broken: he has taken all its fruit and sent it down to the earth; its branches are made white. |
Where they part company is לְשַׁמָּ֔ה — see How Translations Differ.
The main verb drives the sentence, supported by multiple phrases that elaborate on the devastation and its effects.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשׂים
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joel 1:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Devastation of the Landgenerated
Joel 1:7 describes the destruction caused by an invading force, focusing on the devastation of the grapevine and fig tree, which are symbols of Israel's prosperity and sustenance. The imagery evokes a sense of loss and mourning, as the land is stripped bare and left desolate. This lament is part of a broader context where the prophet calls for repentance and recognition of the consequences of sin.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joel 1:12 | The grapevine is dried up, and the fig tree is withered; the pomegranate, palm, and apple— all the trees of the orchard—are withered. Surely the joy of mankind has dried up. |
| 2 | Exodus 10:15 | They covered the face of all the land until it was black, and they consumed all the plants on the ground and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left behind. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant in all the land of Egypt. |
| 3 | Psalm 105:33 | He struck their vines and fig trees and shattered the trees of their country. |
| 4 | Isaiah 5:6 | I will make it a wasteland, neither pruned nor cultivated, and thorns and briers will grow up. I will command the clouds that rain shall not fall on it.” |
| 5 | Isaiah 24:7 | The new wine dries up, the vine withers. All the merrymakers now groan. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׂ֤ם, samgenerated
The Hebrew word שׂים (sam) is a verb that means to put or place something. In this verse, it indicates that the devastation has been enacted upon the grapevine and fig tree, highlighting the act of destruction.
The parsing as a perfect tense verb suggests a completed action, emphasizing that the destruction has already occurred. This word is often used in various contexts throughout the Bible, including God's acts of creation and appointment.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שָׂ֤ם (sam) governs the entire verse, indicating the action of laying waste. It is followed by two noun phrases: the first describes the grapevine and fig tree, while the second details the actions taken against them.
The structure emphasizes the devastation through the sequence of actions: first, the laying waste, then the stripping of bark, and finally the throwing away, culminating in the branches turning white.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׂ֤ם as ἔθετο (ethetto), which carries the meaning of 'to place' or 'to set.' This choice reflects a similar sense of establishment or enactment of destruction.
The term לְשַׁמָּ֔ה is rendered as ἀφανισμὸν (aphanismon), which emphasizes the concept of total loss or disappearance, aligning with the theme of desolation in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joel 1:7 describes how an invading force has devastated the land, specifically ruining the grapevine and fig tree. This imagery highlights the loss of sustenance and life, as the bark is stripped away and the branches turn white, indicating a complete loss of vitality.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This signifies the destruction of Israel's agricultural resources, which are vital for sustenance and prosperity, reflecting the consequences of sin and disobedience.
Both are symbols of abundance and blessings in Israel, representing God's provision and the health of the land.
The whitening of the branches indicates death and loss of vitality, symbolizing the severe impact of the devastation on the land.
This verse illustrates the dire consequences of the locust plague and serves as a call for the people to recognize their need for repentance and restoration.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What areas of my life might be experiencing desolation or loss, similar to the grapevine and fig tree?
- How can I recognize the signs of spiritual barrenness in my life and seek restoration?
- In what ways can I support others who are facing devastation or loss?
- How does understanding the significance of agricultural symbols in the Bible deepen my appreciation for God's provision?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Gregory the Dialogist comments on the implications of this verse, warning against the pursuit of empty praises that lead to spiritual waste.
O wretched beings, who by going after the praises of men waste to themselves all the fruits of their labors, and while they aim to show themselves to the eyes of others, blast all that they do.Early Church Fathers on Joel 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joel 1:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe hath laid my vine waste,.... That is, the locust, which spoiled the vines in Judea, the singular being put for the plural, by gnawing the branches, biting the tops of them, and devouring the
Read John Gill on Joel 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. He hath ... barked my fig tree.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joel 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe, that nation of locusts, , both literally and mystically understood, hath laid my vine waste; made it a desolation, i.e. most desolate, which is more particularly declared in what followeth. And barked my fig tree; peeled off the bark. which is certain destruction to the tree. Made it clean bare; eat off all the rind and green bark, and left the body of both vine and fig tree bare and stripped. And cast it away; as vermin cast out of their mouth the chewings of what they spoil, so here. The branches thereof, all the branches of both vine and fig tree, are by these devouring vermin made white, all their green being eaten off; so miserably desolate will the enemy signified by these locusts…
Read Matthew Poole on Joel 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoe 1:7 He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast [it] away; the branches thereof are made white.Ver. 7. He hath laid my vine waste] The prophet proceeds in aggravating the calamity, that he might make the people the more sensible. There is nothing in the world more stupid and more stubborn than a drunkard. Of such it is that that saying of an ancient is often verified, Ablatus est a peccantibus timor, ne possit esse cautela, Fear is taken away from offenders, that there should be no caution against it. Here therefore let the words of the wise be as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of the assemblies. Let them so preach with Peter…
Read John Trapp on Joel 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) My vine.—This expression might well captivate the Jewish ear. God appropriates to Himself this land on which the trouble was, by His providence, to fall, and in wrath remembers mercy. It is “my vine,” “my fig-tree,” the people of God’s own choice, that were afflicted; and the affliction, however fully deserved, was, to speak as a man, painful to the Lord, “who doth not afflict willingly.” Yet the devastation was to be complete. God’s pleasant vine was doomed, and the fig-tree was to be cut down.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joel 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. He hath laid my vine waste] The locusts have eaten off both leaves and bark. חשף חשפה chasoph chasaphah, he hath made it clean bare; שדד שדה suddad sadeh, the field is laid waste, Joe 1:10; and כשד משדי kesod mishshaddai, a destruction from the Almighty, Joe 1:15; are all paronomasias in which this prophet seems to delight.
Read AdamClarke on Joel 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. He hath made my vine into a waste, and my fig-tree into splinters] The vine and the fig-tree are mentioned as the two principal and most representative fruit-trees of Palestine, the vine holding the first place (cf. Hosea 2:12; 1 Kings 4:25; 2 Kings 18:31). For splinters (lit. something broken into pieces), comp. nearly the same word in Hosea 10:7 (R.V. marg.). The words indicate the severity of the visitation. Locusts first attack plants and vegetables; when these have been all consumed, they attack trees, consuming first the leaves, then the bark. Comp. the quotation from Shaw’s Travels, below, p. 88. The effects of such ravages are felt sometimes for many years: “the wine of Algiers…
Read Cambridge on Joel 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree - This describes an extremity of desolation. The locusts at first attack all which is green and succulent; when this has been consumed, then they attack the bark of trees.
Read Albert Barnes on Joel 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
It has laid waste My grapevine and splintered My fig tree. It has stripped off the bark and thrown it away; the branches have turned white.
He has laid my vine waste, and stripped my fig tree. He has stripped its bark, and thrown it away. Its branches are made white.
It has laid waste My grapevine and splintered My fig tree. It has stripped off the bark and thrown it away; the branches have turned white.
They have destroyed our vines; they have turned our fig trees into mere splinters. They have completely stripped off the bark and thrown them aside; the twigs are stripped bare.
Tyndale line
He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig-tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
He hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig-tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; its branches are made white.
He maketh my vine waste, and pilleth off the barke of my figge tree: he maketh it bare, and casteth it downe: ye branches therof are made white.
Strictly literal
He hath made my vine a desolation, and barked my fig-tree; he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away: its branches are made white.
It hath made my vine become a desolation, And my fig-tree become a chip, It hath made it thoroughly bare, and hath cast down, Made white have been its branches.
It has made My vine become a desolation, || And My fig tree become a splinter, || It has made it thoroughly bare, and has cast down, || Its branches have been made white.
It hath laid my vine waste, and barked my fig-tree: it hath peeled it clean bare, and cast it down; made white are its light branches.
He has made my vineyard into a desolate place and has stripped my fig tree bare. He has stripped its bark and thrown it away; the branches are bare white.
From the Latin
He hath laid my vineyard waste, and hath pilled off the bark of my fig tree: he hath stripped it bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
Simplified
It has ruined my grapevines and destroyed my fig trees, stripping them completely and reducing them to stumps, white and bare.
By him my vine is made waste and my fig-tree broken: he has taken all its fruit and sent it down to the earth; its branches are made white.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text describes the devastation of the grapevine and fig tree, stating that it has laid waste the grapevine and splintered the fig tree, stripping off the bark and causing the branches to turn white. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in content, matching all ten words in a word-by-word correspondence, although the order and articles may differ due to the nature of the Greek translation. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, as they align with the Masoretic Text's wording and meaning.
שָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִי֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י לִקְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joel 1:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שׂוּם (sum) is a verb meaning to put, place, or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, establishing, and making. It can also refer to laying something upon or directing it. There is a related noun שׂוּמָה (sumah), which may denote a token of unluckiness. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
שׂוּם, שִׂים 582 vb. put, place, set
Qal
put, set, in a place
put something upon
put, lay, set
put, c. בֵּין
set, direct
set, ordain, in a place
set, establish a law, statute
set, found a nation
set, appoint (as ruler, official)
set, constitute, make
set, determine, fix, bounds
set, station, at a post
put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
set up altars
= plant, wheat
set, fix (countenance)
make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
make, constitute
work, bring to pass
appoint, give
set, fix (countenance)
Hiph. I will make him for a sign
Hoph. there was set before him
base
שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—2 S 13:32
ref
H7760a שׂוּם, שִׂים put, place, set .. . put, set, in a place
. put something upon
. put, lay, set
. put, c. בֵּין
. set, direct
. . set, ordain, in a place
. set, establish a law, statute
. set, found a nation
. set, appoint (as ruler, official)
. set, constitute, make
. set, determine, fix, bounds
. . set, station, at a post
. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
. set up altars
. = plant, wheat
. set, fix (countenance)
. . make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
. make, constitute
. work, bring to pass
. appoint, give
. set, fix (countenance)
. I will make him for a sign
. there was set before him
H7760b שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl
7760 suwm soom
or siym {seem}; a primitive root; to put (used in a great
variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially,
and elliptically):--X any wise, appoint, bring, call (a
name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider,
convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap
up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out),
mark, + name, X on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve,
purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set
(on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, X tell, + tread down,
((over-))turn, X wholly, work.
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix
1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give
1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign
1c) (Hophal) to be set
שׂוּמָה (su.mah) — fate.
token of unluckiness, scowl
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: put.
: put/give
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
גֶּ֫פֶן (gephen) means 'vine' and is derived from a root suggesting bending, reflecting the twining nature of vines. It encompasses literal uses, such as the grapevine, as well as metaphorical applications related to prosperity and even the fading of stars at divine judgment.
גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. vine
base
H1612 גֶּ֫פֶן vine
1612 gephen gheh'-fen
from an unused root meaning to bend; a vine (as twining),
especially the grape:--vine, tree.
גֶּ֫פֶן (ge.phen) — vine.
1) vine, vine tree
1a) of Israel (fig.)
1b) of stars fading at Jehovah's judgment (metaph.)
1c) of prosperity
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1bs
שַׁמָּה (shammah) refers to concepts of waste and horror, indicating destruction or desolation. It encompasses meanings such as appalment and ruin, often related to land or cities. The word is derived from another Hebrew root, שָׁמַם (shamam), which also conveys similar themes of devastation.
שַׁמָּה n.f. waste, appalment
base
H8047 שַׁמָּה waste, appalment
8047 shammah sham-maw'
from 8074; ruin; by implication,
consternation:--astonishment, desolate(-ion), waste,
wonderful thing.
see HEBREW for 08074
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — horror: destroyed.
: destroyed/waste
1) waste, horror, appalment
1a) a waste (of land, city, etc)
1b) appalment, horror
Also means: sham.mah (שַׁמָּה ": appalled" H8047H)
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — horror: appalled.
: appalled
1) waste, horror, appalment
1a) a waste (of land, city, etc)
1b) appalment, horror
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
תְּאֵנָה (t'einah) refers to a fig or fig tree. The entries indicate it is a feminine noun, possibly of foreign origin, and cover both the tree and its fruit. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
תְּאֵנָה n.f. fig-tree, (then) fig
base
H8384 תְּאֵנָה fig-tree, (then) fig
8384 t'en teh-ane'
or (in the singular, feminine) t:enah {teh-ay- naw'}; perhaps
of foreign derivation; the fig (tree or fruit):--fig (tree).
תְּאֵנָה (te.e.nah) — fig.
fig, fig tree
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
קְצָפָה (qtsaphah) refers to a fragment or splinter, indicating something that has snapped or splintered. The term is derived from a root meaning to fragment, and it is specifically mentioned in Job 1:7.
קְצָפָה n.f. a snapping or splintering;—Jo 1:7
ref
H7111 קְצָפָה
7111 qtsaphah kets-aw-faw'
from 7107; a fragment:--bark(-ed).
see HEBREW for 07107
קְצָפָה (qe.tsa.phah) — splinter.
snapping or splintering, something fragmented or splintered
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
חָשַׂף (chasaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strip off or make bare. It encompasses actions like uncovering, drawing out, or draining a liquid. The entries suggest its use in contexts of exposure or removal, but do not specify particular verses from the Old Testament.
חָשַׂף vb. strip off, strip, make bare
base
H2834 חָשַׂף strip off, strip, make bare
2834 chasaph khaw-saf'
a primitive root; to strip off, i.e. generally to make naked
(for exertion or in disgrace), to drain away or bail up (a
liquid):--make bare, clean, discover, draw out, take, uncover.
חָשַׂף (cha.saph) — to strip.
1) to strip, strip off, lay bare, make bare, draw out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to strip off
1a2) to strip, lay bare
1a3) to draw (water), skim, take from the surface
V-Qal-Ptc — Verb · Qal · infinitive absoluteHVqaa
חָשַׂף (chasaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strip off or make bare. It encompasses actions like uncovering, drawing out, or draining a liquid. The entries suggest its use in contexts of exposure or removal, but do not specify particular verses from the Old Testament.
חָשַׂף vb. strip off, strip, make bare
base
H2834 חָשַׂף strip off, strip, make bare
2834 chasaph khaw-saf'
a primitive root; to strip off, i.e. generally to make naked
(for exertion or in disgrace), to drain away or bail up (a
liquid):--make bare, clean, discover, draw out, take, uncover.
חָשַׂף (cha.saph) — to strip.
1) to strip, strip off, lay bare, make bare, draw out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to strip off
1a2) to strip, lay bare
1a3) to draw (water), skim, take from the surface
HVqp3ms/Sp3fs — Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVqp3ms/Sp3fs
שָׁלַךְ (shalak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw, cast, or fling. It can be used literally or figuratively, covering actions like throwing away or casting lots. The Hiphil form indicates an active throwing, while the Hophal form suggests being thrown or cast. The entries collectively emphasize various nuances of throwing and casting.
[שָׁלַךְ] 125 vb. Hiph. 112 throw, fling, cast
Hoph.
be thrown, cast
be cast forth, out
be cast down
metaph., be cast
base
H7993 שָׁלַךְ Hiph. throw, fling, cast
7993 shalak shaw-lak
a primitive root; to throw out, down or away (literally or
figuratively):--adventure, cast (away, down, forth, off,
out), hurl, pluck, throw.
שָׁלַךְ (sha.lakh) — to throw.
1) to throw, cast, hurl, fling
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to throw, cast, throw away, cast off, shed, cast down
1a2) to cast (lots) (fig)
1b) (Hophal)
1b1) to be thrown, be cast
1b2) to be cast forth or out
1b3) to be cast down
1b4) to be cast (metaph)
Conj | V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Conjunction · verb hiphil perfect third person masculine singularHC/Vhp3ms
The Hebrew word לָבֵן (*laben*) has two primary meanings: to be white and to make bricks. It can refer to the process of becoming white or purifying in an ethical sense, as well as the act of making bricks. The entries indicate that it is derived from a primitive root and is used in various forms, including Hiphil and Hithpael.
[לָבֵן] vb. be white
Hiph.
make white = purify (ethical)
shew whiteness, grow white, of fig tree, stripped by locusts
Hithp. be purified
base
[לָבַן] vb. denom. make brick
base
H3835a לָבֵן be white H3835b לָבַן vb. denom. make brick
3835 laban law-ban'
a primitive root; to be (or become) white; also (as
denominative from 3843) to make bricks:--make brick, be (made,
make) white(-r).
see HEBREW for 03843
לָבֵן (la.ven) — to whiten.
1) to be white
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to make white, become white, purify
1a2) to show whiteness, grow white
1b) (Hithpael) to become white, be purified (ethical)
לָבַן (la.van) — to make bricks.
(Qal) to make bricks
V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common pluralHVhp3cp
hwit.
See COLORS.
White
A symbol of purity (2 Chr. 5:12; Ps. 51:7; Isa. 1:18; Rev. 3:18; 7:14). Our Lord, at his transfiguration, appeared in raiment “white as the light” (Matt. 17:2, etc.).
→ See COLOR
שָׂרִיג (sariyg) refers to a tendril, twig, or branch, suggesting a form that entwines. It is derived from a root meaning to intertwine, and the entries consistently highlight its botanical connotations.
[שָׂרִיג] n.m. tendril, twig
base
H8299 [שָׂרִיג] tendril, twig
8299 sariyg saw-reeg'
from 8276; a tendril (as entwining):--branch.
see HEBREW for 08276
שָׂרִיג (sa.rig) — tendril.
tendril, twig, branch
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs