Joel 1:8 — Word Study
WLCאֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־ שַׂ֖ק עַל־ בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃
BSAWailʼâlâh△ [lament, mourn deeply] like a virginbᵉthûwlâh [young woman, bride] dressedchâgar in sackclothsaq [coarse cloth] grieving forʻal [lamenting, in deep sorrow] the husbandbaʻal [master, lord] of her youthnâʻûwr [early years, young adulthood]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֱלִ֕י | wail | Verb, Qal, imperative second person feminine singular |
| כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה | like a virgin | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| חֲגֻֽרַת־ | girded of | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine singular common |
| שַׂ֖ק | sackcloth | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| בַּ֥עַל | [the] husband of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃ | youth her | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Wail like a virgin dressed in sackcloth, grieving for the husband of her youth. |
| KJV | ¶ Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. |
| ASV | Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. |
| YLT | Wail, as a virgin girdeth with sackcloth, For the husband of her youth. |
| WEB | Mourn like a virgin dressed in sackcloth for the husband of her youth! |
| BBE | Make sounds of grief like a virgin dressed in haircloth for the husband of her early years. |
Where they part company is אֱלִ֕י — see How Translations Differ.
One main verb with two phrases describing how and why the mourning occurs, emphasizing the emotional weight of the lament.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbאָלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joel 1:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lamentation over Destructiongenerated
Joel 1:8 depicts a scene of mourning, where the prophet calls upon the people to wail like a virgin in sackcloth, emphasizing the depth of grief for the loss of their youth and vitality amid a devastating plague of locusts. This imagery illustrates the profound sorrow felt by the community as they face the destruction of their land and livelihoods.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joel 1:13–15 | Put on sackcloth and lament, O priests; wail, O ministers of the altar. Come, spend the night in sackcloth, O ministers of my God, because the grain and drink offerings are withheld from the house of your God. |
| 2 | Joel 2:12–14 | “Yet even now,” declares the LORD, “return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning.” |
| 3 | Isaiah 22:12 | On that day the Lord GOD of Hosts called for weeping and wailing, for shaven heads and the wearing of sackcloth. |
| 4 | Isaiah 24:7–12 | The new wine dries up, the vine withers. All the merrymakers now groan. |
| 5 | Isaiah 32:11 | Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱלִ֕י, 'e.Ligenerated
The verb אָלָה (alah) means to wail or lament, expressing deep sadness or grief. It is a primitive root that conveys the idea of invoking sorrow, used in contexts of mourning.
In this verse, it calls for a deep emotional response, highlighting the severity of the situation. The imperative form directs the listener to engage in an act of mourning, reinforcing the urgency and seriousness of the loss.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb אֱלִ֕י (e.Li) governs the entire verse, with a prepositional phrase describing the manner of wailing and a series of noun phrases detailing the subject and the object of lament. The structure emphasizes the act of mourning, positioning the call to wail at the forefront.
The Hebrew word order places the verb first, which serves to highlight the urgency of the command to wail, followed by the simile that deepens the emotional impact of the lamentation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה as νύμφην (nymphēn), which means 'bride.' This choice emphasizes the purity and emotional state of the virgin, aligning with the mourning context.
The use of περιεζωσμένην for חֲגֻֽרַת־ suggests a focus on the act of being girded, perhaps indicating readiness for mourning or distress.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joel 1:8 calls for deep mourning, comparing it to a young woman dressed in sackcloth who grieves for her husband. This imagery reflects the sorrow of the people as they face the destruction of their land and the loss of their vitality.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This simile emphasizes the depth of grief and innocence lost, as a virgin represents purity and the pain of loss in a personal and communal context.
Sackcloth is a traditional garment of mourning, symbolizing humility and sorrow, often worn during times of distress or repentance.
This phrase highlights the emotional connection and loss experienced, representing not just personal loss but also the loss of hope and future.
This verse sets the tone for the book, emphasizing the need for mourning and repentance in response to the calamities facing the nation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I express my grief over loss in my life?
- How does the imagery of a virgin in mourning resonate with my understanding of loss?
- What role does communal mourning play in our society today?
- How can I prepare myself for times of sorrow, as suggested by the act of girding oneself?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, highlighting the deep emotional connection to the imagery of a young woman mourning her husband, illustrating the profound sorrow expressed in Joel's call to lament.
Lament like a young woman dressed in sackcloth, over the man of your youth. (Vulgate: Lament like a young woman dressed in sackcloth, over her young husband). LXX: Lament to me over the bride dressed in sackcloth, over her young husband.Early Church Fathers on Joel 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joel 1:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLament like a virgin,.... This is not the continuation of the prophet's speech to the drunkards; but, as Aben Ezra observes, he either speaks to himself, or to the land the Targum supplies it, O
Read John Gill on Joel 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryLament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. Lament - O "my land" (Joe 1:6 ; Isaiah 24:4). Like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joel 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe vicious and wicked among the Jews were alarmed and threatened in the former part of the chapter; now the prophet bespeaks the good and godly among them to prepare for mournful times. Lament: this is minatory, and threatens calamitous times shall come, as well as directive, what to do when they are come; when God calls for weeping we must not rejoice. Like a virgin: this tells us to whom the prophet directs this part of his sermon, it is to those who amidst the Jews were like chaste and modest virgins, whose heart was fixed on one, her own, her chosen beloved husband. Girded with sackcloth: in deep mournings the people of those countries did use sackcloth in their mourning habit, and…
Read Matthew Poole on Joel 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoe 1:8 Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.Ver. 8. Lament like a virgin] Our prophet hath done with his drunkards; and now applieth himself to the soberer sort, whom also he calleth to deep and downright mourning, in this case of common calamity; there being not any so innocent and holy, but had some hand, if not upon the greater cart ropes, yet surely upon the smaller cords, that drew down dearth and judgment upon the land. Lament therefore like a virgin] Betrothed, but bereft of her espoused husband before she was married to him: so Placater. Others understand it of her that (lately a virgin, but now newly married) passionately loved her husband and…
Read John Trapp on Joel 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) For the husband of her youth.—The land is addressed as a virgin betrothed, but not yet married, and forfeiting her marriage by unworthy conduct. Such was the relation of Israel to the Lord: He was faithful, but Israel unfaithful. Now let her mourn the penalty.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joel 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Lament like a virgin - for the husband of her youth.] Virgin is a very improper version here. The original is בתולה bethulah, which signifies a young woman or bride not a virgin, the proper Hebrew for which is עלמה almah. See Clarke on Isaiah 7:14, and "Matthew 1:23".
Read AdamClarke on Joel 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5–12. All classes are to unite in lamenting this calamity, which has not only (1) deprived them of some of their most valued luxuries, Joe 1:5-7, but also (2) interrupted the public worship of God, Joe 1:8-10, and (3) even left them destitute of the means of subsistence, Joe 1:11-12. Awake, ye drunkards] viz. from the sleep of intoxication (Genesis 9:24; Proverbs 23:35), which the ruin of the vintage will soon render impossible. howl] in wild and desperate grief: so Joe 1:11; Joe 1:13. Comp. on Amos 8:3. because of the sweet wine] Heb. ‘âsîs: see on Amos 9:13. from your mouth] where it is a source to you of gratification.
Read Cambridge on Joel 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleLament like a virgin - The prophet addresses the congregation of Israel, as one espoused to God ; “‘Lament thou,’ daughter of Zion,” or the like.
Read Albert Barnes on Joel 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Wail like a virgin dressed in sackcloth, grieving for the husband of her youth.
Mourn like a virgin dressed in sackcloth for the husband of her youth!
Wail like a virgin dressed in sackcloth, grieving for the husband of her youth.
Wail like a young virgin clothed in sackcloth, lamenting the death of her husband-to-be.
Tyndale line
¶ Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Mourne like a virgine girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Strictly literal
Wail like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Wail, as a virgin girdeth with sackcloth, For the husband of her youth.
Wail, as a virgin girds with sackcloth, || For the husband of her youth.
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the betrothed of her youth.
Mourn like a virgin dressed in sackcloth for the death of her young husband.
From the Latin
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Simplified
Mourn like a bride dressed in sackcloth, mourning the death of her husband-to-be.
Make sounds of grief like a virgin dressed in haircloth for the husband of her early years.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Joel 1:8 reads: "אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־ שַׂ֖ק עַל־ בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃" which translates to "Wail like a virgin dressed in sackcloth, grieving for the husband of her youth." The Septuagint largely agrees with the Masoretic Text, matching six out of seven words in a word-by-word correspondence. However, the Septuagint's word order and articles differ, reflecting its own stylistic choices rather than a direct translation. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional evidence for this verse, so their readings are not available for comparison.
אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־ שַׂ֖ק עַל־ בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joel 1:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אָלָה (alah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to wail or lament. It is a primitive root that conveys the idea of invoking sorrow. The entries consistently emphasize its use in expressing grief or mourning.
[אָלָה] vb. wail
base
H421 אָלָה
421 'alah aw-law'
a primitive root (rather identical with 422 through the idea
of invocation); to bewail:--lament.
see HEBREW for 0422
אָלָה (a.lah) — to wail.
(Qal) to lament, wail
V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Verb · Qal · imperative second person feminine singularHVqv2fs
בְּתוּלָה (bthuwlah) means 'virgin' and is derived from a passive participle of an unused root that suggests separation. It can also refer to a bride and, in a figurative sense, to a city or state. The term appears in contexts related to purity and marital status.
בְּתוּלָה 60 n.f. virgin
base
H1330 בְּתוּלָה virgin
1330 bthuwlah beth-oo-law'
feminine passive participle of an unused root meaning to
separate; a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by
continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or
state:--maid, virgin.
בְּתוּלָה (be.tu.lah) — virgin.
virgin
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
Virgin
In a prophecy concerning our Lord, Isaiah (7:14) says, “A virgin [R.V. marg., ‘the virgin’] shall conceive, and bear a son” (comp. Luke 1:31-35). The people of the land of Zidon are thus referred to by Isaiah (23:12), “O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon;” and of the people of Israel, Jeremiah (18:13) says, “The virgin of Israel hath done a very horrible thing.”
→ Proofs of De 22:13-21
→ Dowry of Ex 22:17
→ Character of, to be protected De 22:17-21,23,24
→ Betrothal of, a quasi-marriage De 22:23,24
→ Distinguishing apparel of 2Sa 13:18
→ A priest could marry only a Le 21:14
→ Mourn in the temple La 1:4; 2:10
→ Virginity of, bewailed Jud 11:37-39
→ Parable of the wise and foolish Mt 25:1-13
חָגַר (chagar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gird or to put on a belt. It is a primitive root that conveys the action of binding or restraining oneself, often in preparation for action. The entries consistently emphasize its use in the context of girding on clothing or armor.
[חָגַר] vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself
base
H2296 [חָגַר] gird, gird on, gird oneself
2296 chagar khaw-gar'
a primitive root; to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.):--be
able to put on, be afraid, appointed, gird, restrain, X on
every side.
חָגַר (cha.gar) — to gird.
1) to gird, gird on, gird oneself, put on a belt
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to gird
1a2) to gird on, bind on
1a3) to gird oneself
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singular commonHVqsfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׂק (saq) refers to a type of coarse cloth or sacking, often associated with mourning. It can denote both a sack used for carrying grain and sackcloth worn in times of grief or humiliation. The term is derived from a root meaning to allow liquid to pass through, indicating its mesh-like quality.
שַׂק n.m. sack, sackcloth
base
H8242 שַׂק sack, sackcloth
8242 saq sak
from 8264; properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run
through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning
and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain,
etc.):--sack(-cloth, -clothes).
see HEBREW for 08264
שַׂק (saq) — sackcloth.
1) mesh, sackcloth, sack, sacking
1a) sack (for grain)
1b) sackcloth
1b1) worn in mourning or humiliation
1b2) same material spread out to lie on
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
sak'-kloth.
See BURIAL.
Sackcloth
Cloth made of black goats’ hair, coarse, rough, and thick, used for sacks, and also worn by mourners (Gen. 37:34; 42:25; 2 Sam. 3:31; Esther 4:1, 2; Ps. 30:11, etc.), and as a sign of repentance (Matt. 11:21). It was put upon animals by the people of Nineveh (Jonah 3:8).
cloth used in making sacks or bags, a coarse fabric, of a dark color, made of goat’s hair, (Isaiah 50:3; Revelation 6:12) end resembling the eilicium of the Romans. It, was used also for making the rough garments used by mourners, which were in extreme cases worn next the skin. (1 Kings 21:27; 2 Kings 6:30; Job 16:15; Isaiah 32:11)
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
בַּעַל (ba`al) means owner or lord, and can refer to a husband, citizens, or rulers. It is derived from a root meaning 'to own' and is used in various contexts, including relationships and leadership. The term also appears as a divine name, Baal, in the Old Testament.
בַּעַל 166 n.m. owner, lord
owner
husband
citizens, inhabitants
rulers, lords
n. of relation
Esp. lord, specif. as divine name, Baal.
base
H1167 בַּעַל owner, lord . owner
. husband
. citizens, inhabitants
. rulers, lords
. n. of relation
1167 ba`al bah'-al
from 1166; a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively)
owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this
latter sense):--+ archer, + babbler, + bird, captain, chief
man, + confederate, + have to do, + dreamer, those to whom it
is due, + furious, those that are given to it, great, + hairy,
he that hath it, have, + horseman, husband, lord, man, +
married, master, person, + sworn, they of.
see HEBREW for 01166
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master.
: master/leader
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: husband.
: husband/groom
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: men.
: men/comrades
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: owning.
: owning/having
1) owner, husband, lord
1a) owner
1b) a husband
1c) citizens, inhabitants
1d) rulers, lords
1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
בַּעַל (ba.al) — master: [master of].
: [master_of](DESCRIPTOR)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְעוּרִים (na`uwr) refers to youth or early life, encompassing both the state of juvenility and young people collectively. It appears in the plural form and has a feminine counterpart, נְעוּרוֹת (na`ur), which carries the same meaning. The term is notably used in Jeremiah 32:30.
נְעוּרִים n.[m.]pl. youth, early life
base
[נְעוּרוֹת] n.[f.]pl. id. [n.ei.ae];—only Je 32:30 (fig. of nation).
ref
H5271a נְעוּרִים youth, early life H5271b נְעוּרוֹת id. [5271a]
5271 na`uwr naw-oor'
or naur {naw-oor'}; and (feminine) nturah {neh- oo-raw'};
properly, passive participle from 5288 as denominative; (only
in plural collectively or emphatic form) youth, the state
(juvenility) or the persons (young people):--childhood,
youth.
see HEBREW for 05288
נְעוּרִים (na.ur) — youth.
youth, early life
Also means: na.ur (נְעוּרוֹת "youth" H5271B)
נְעוּרוֹת (na.ur) — youth.
youth, early life
Another spelling of na.ur (נְעוּרִים "youth" H5271A)
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs