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Daniel 12:10 — Word Study

Depth

WLCיִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ וְיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּ וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ רַבִּ֔ים וְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּ רְשָׁעִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֖ינוּ כָּל־ רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖ים יָבִֽינוּ׃

BSAManyrab [a large number, a multitude] will be purifiedbârar [to make clean and bright, like polishing metal] made spotlesslâban [whitened, refined like silver] and refinedtsâraph [to purify by removing impurities] but the wickedrâshâʻ [morally wrong, guilty of sin] will continue to act wickedlyrâshaʻ [to do evil, to sin against God] Nonelôʼ of the wickedrâshâʻ [those who are guilty of crime or sin] will understandbîyn [to discern, to know with the mind] but the wisesâkal [those who are prudent, circumspect] will understandbîyn [to comprehend, to have insight]

Word
Listen & take awayDaniel 12
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 10 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ya.Vi.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Daniel 12:10quick helps
In a sentenceDaniel describes a future time when many will be purified and refined, while the wicked will continue in their ways.
Who is speakingThe angelic messenger speaking to Daniel.
Where we areThe conclusion of Daniel's prophetic visions, focusing on the end times.
The hard wordיִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ
Take awayPurification and understanding are available, but the wicked remain in ignorance.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectרַב verbבָּרַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Daniel 12:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The End Times and the Purification of Manygenerated

9“Go on your way, Daniel,” he replied, “for the words are closed up and sealed until the time of the end.
10Many will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.
11And from the time the daily sacrifice is abolished and the abomination of desolation set up, there will be 1,290 days.
12Blessed is he who waits and reaches the end of the 1,335 days.

Daniel 12:10 speaks of a time of purification for many, contrasting their fate with that of the wicked who will persist in wrongdoing. The passage emphasizes the distinction between those who seek holiness and those who remain unrepentant, highlighting the ultimate understanding that the wise will attain. This theme resonates with other prophetic texts, such as Daniel 11:35 and Psalm 51:7, which also discuss purification and moral clarity.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Daniel 11:35Some of the wise will fall, so that they may be refined, purified, and made spotless until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.
2Psalm 51:7Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
3Isaiah 1:18“Come now, let us reason together,” says the LORD. “Though your sins are like scarlet, they will be as white as snow; though they are as red as crimson, they will become like wool.
4Ezekiel 36:25I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.
5Zechariah 13:9This third I will bring through the fire; I will refine them like silver and test them like gold. They will call on My name, and I will answer them. I will say, ‘They are My people,’ and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’”

The Key Word יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ, Yit.ba.ra.rugenerated

The verb בָּרַר (barar) means to purify and is parsed as a Hithpael imperfect third person masculine plural, indicating that many will actively engage in the process of purification. This form suggests a reflexive action, where the subjects are involved in their own cleansing.

Purification in this context implies a thorough cleansing, akin to polishing metal, which reflects the spiritual transformation expected of the faithful. The word carries a strong connotation of being made bright and clean, aligning with the biblical theme of holiness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Translations largely agree on the rendering of יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ as purified.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb הִרְשִׁ֣יעוּ (hirshi'u) governs the sentence, with multiple clauses detailing the actions and subjects involved. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the actions of the many who will be purified and the wicked who will continue to act wickedly.

The sentence is complex, with several subjects and verbs, creating a layered meaning that highlights the consequences of moral choices.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ as πειρασθῶσι, which suggests a testing or proving aspect in the purification process. This choice may imply a more rigorous examination of character than the Hebrew suggests.

This difference indicates a broader interpretation of the purification process, emphasizing not just the act of cleansing but also the trials that lead to such a state.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Daniel 12:10 states that many will be purified and made spotless, while the wicked will continue in their ways. The wise will understand the truth, while the wicked will remain ignorant. This passage highlights the importance of moral choices and the eventual outcomes for different groups of people.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to be purified in this context?

To be purified means to be cleansed from sin and imperfections, becoming holy and acceptable before God.

Who are the wicked referred to in this verse?

The wicked are those who act in opposition to God's commands, persisting in their wrongdoing without repentance.

What is the significance of the wise understanding?

The wise represent those who seek knowledge and discernment, gaining insight into God's truth and the consequences of their actions.

How does this verse relate to other biblical themes?

This verse connects with themes of purification, judgment, and the distinction between the righteous and the wicked, seen throughout the prophetic literature.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I seek purification in my own life?
  2. How do I discern between wise and wicked choices in my daily actions?
  3. What steps can I take to gain a deeper understanding of God's truth?
  4. How can I support others in their journey toward purification and understanding?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Irenaeus cites this verse to discuss the understanding of the wise and the purification of the faithful, highlighting the contrast with the wicked.

IrenaeusAGAINST HERESIES 1:19 c. 130–202
“The words are sealed up until those who are intelligent understand and those who are white are made white.” [The Gnostic Marcosians] boast that they themselves are the ones who are white and quite intelligent.
Early Church Fathers on Daniel 12 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Daniel 12:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Many shall be purged, and made white, and tried,.... Though Christ does not give, in plain, clear, and explicit terms, an answer to the above question, when, and how, and what would be the end of the

Read John Gill on Daniel 12 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand.

Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 12 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Of this purging and purifying you heard before, ; the meaning is, the great afflictions of the church are to prepare them, by taking away their filth, for the Bridegroom, as gold and silver are tried and refined. None of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand: they shall be blinded, they know not what they do, viz. they shall not be bettered by the word, or rod, or any warnings of God, but be hardened to their ruin; but the godly shall be taught of God to understand the ways of God’ s providence, foretold by the prophets, for this is it they are always minded of and commended for; particularly in this kind of wisdom: 1. Because it is obscure. 2. Because they are…

Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 12 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Daniel 12:10 Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand.Ver. 10. Many shall be purified, and made white, &c., ] q.d., It is enough for thee to know, and that I should now tell thee, quales sint futuri homines postremi saeculi, what kind of folk there shall be towards the end of the world. Some shall be good people, and they shall meet with hard measure, but all shall be for the best unto them in the end. See Daniel 11:35. Others shall be as bad, and so desperately set upon sinning that they shall mind nothing else - no, not when these prophecies are fulfilled - but be "destroyed…

Read John Trapp on Daniel 12 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) Many shall be purified.—See Notes on Revelation 22:11, and comp. Daniel 11:35. The words imply that all shall be fulfilled, the time of persecution shall certainly arise, the righteous will be purified, while the wicked will become apostates. The wise (see Daniel 11:33), and they only, will understand the true meaning and profit of tribulation as it is set forth in this prophecy.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 12 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 10. Many shall be purified] During the interim, the great work of God's providence and grace shall be carried on in the salvation of men; who, in the midst of trials, temptations, and difficulties, shall be purified and made white-be fully saved from their sins. None of the wicked shall understand] Because they are wicked, and will continue in their sins, the eyes of their understanding shall be closed, and their hearts hardened; so that they shall not see the light of the glorious Gospel. But the wise] Those who open their hearts to God, that he may pour in his light, shall understand the things that make for their peace.

Read AdamClarke on Daniel 12 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

10. The ‘time of the end’ characterized: it will be an age of trial and probation, in which many will come out purified and ennobled, while others will only have their wickedness confirmed. Many shall cleanse themselves, and make themselves white, and be refined] by their sufferings, and their constancy under temptation, their characters will be ennobled and refined (cf. Daniel 11:35). The two reflexives are not to be pressed unduly; but they imply that the martyrs, by their deliberate acceptance of suffering, are, to a certain degree, the agents in the purification of their characters. but the wicked shall do wickedly] The trial will have no effect upon them, beyond giving them further…

Read Cambridge on Daniel 12 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Many shall be purified - In future times. That is, as the connection would seem to require, there will be a system introduced by which many will become purified, and made holy.

Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 12 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Many will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Many will purify themselves, and make themselves white, and be refined, but the wicked will do wickedly; and none of the wicked will understand, but those who are wise will understand.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Many will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Many will be purified, made clean, and refined, but the wicked will go on being wicked. None of the wicked will understand, though the wise will understand.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Many shall purify themselves, and make themselves white, and be refined; but the wicked shall do wickedly; and none of the wicked shall understand; but they that are wise shall understand.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Many shall purify themselves; and make themselves white, and be refined; but the wicked shall do wickedly; and none of the wicked shall understand: but they that be wise shall understand.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Many shalbe purified, made white, and tried: but the wicked shall doe wickedly, and none of the wicked shall haue vnderstanding: but the wise shall vnderstand.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Many shall be purified, and be made white, and be refined; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Purify themselves, yea, make themselves white, yea, refined are many: and the wicked have done wickedly, and none of the wicked understand, and those acting wisely do understand;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Purify themselves, indeed, make themselves white, indeed, many are refined: and the wicked have done wickedly, and none of the wicked understand, and those acting wisely understand;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Many shall be selected and cleansed, and purified; but the wicked will deal wickedly, and none of the wicked will understand: but the intelligent will understand.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined, but the wicked will act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but those who are wise will understand.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Many shall be chosen, and made white, and shall be tried as fire: and the wicked shall deal wickedly, and none of the wicked shall understand, but the learned shall understand.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Many will be purified and cleansed and refined, but the wicked will go on being wicked. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Till a number are tested and make themselves clean; and the evil-doers will do evil; for not one of the evil-doers will have knowledge; but all will be made clear to those who are wise.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverb phrase · verbיִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּthey.will.purge.themselvesוְandיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּthey.will.purify.themselvesוְandיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙they.will.be.refinedsubjectרַבִּ֔יםmany.[people]וְandclauseverbהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּthey.will.act.wickedlysubjectרְשָׁעִ֔יםwicked.[people]וְandclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbיָבִ֖ינוּthey.will.understandnoun phrase · subjectכָּלanyרְשָׁעִ֑יםwicked.[people]וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectהַ[thoseמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖יםwho].have.insightverbיָבִֽינוּthey.will.understand

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with 11 of the 12 words matched. The Septuagint's rendering reflects a similar understanding but presents the words in a different order, emphasizing its interpretative approach.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ וְיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּ וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ רַבִּ֔ים וְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּ רְשָׁעִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֖ינוּ כָּל־ רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖ים יָבִֽינוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּπειρασθῶσιוְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ἁγιασθῶσιרַבִּ֔יםπολλοίוְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּἁμάρτωσινרְשָׁעִ֔יםἁμαρτωλοίוְלֹ֥אοὐיָבִ֖ינוּδιανοηθῶσιכָּל־πάντεςרְשָׁעִ֑יםἁμαρτωλοίוְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖יםδιανοούμενοιיָבִֽינוּ׃προσέχουσιν

11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Daniel 12:10בָּרַרthey will pthey will purgeבָּרַרלָבֵןand they maand they may puלָבֵןצָרַףso they mayso they may be צָרַףרַבmany [peoplmany [people]רַברָשַׁעand they wiand they will aרָשַׁערָשָׁעwicked [peowicked [people]רָשָׁעלֹאand notand notלֹאבִּיןthey will uthey will underבִּיןכֹּלanyanyכֹּלרָשָׁעwicked [peowicked [people]רָשָׁעשָׂכַלand those [and those [who]שָׂכַלבִּיןthey will uthey will underבִּיןרָשַׁעbe wickedbe wickedרָשַׁעלְבֵנָהbrickbrickלְבֵנָהרָבַבto multiplto multiplyרָבַבכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלצַדִּיקrighteousrighteousצַדִּיקאָבַדto perishto perishאָבַדדַּ֫עַתknowledgeknowledgeדַּ֫עַתחָכָםwisewiseחָכָםעִקֵּשׁtwistedtwistedעִקֵּשׁלָבֵןto whitento whitenלָבֵןחָשַׂףto stripto stripחָשַׂףבָּחַןto testto testבָּחַןנְבוּזַרְאֲדָןNebuzaradaNebuzaradanנְבוּזַרְאֲדָןטַבָּחguardguardטַבָּחעָוָהto twistto twistעָוָהצָדֵקto justifyto justifyצָדֵקיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Daniel 12:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּYit.ba.ra.ru they will purge themselves H1305 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To purify means to make something clean and bright, like polishing metal. In the Bible, it involves removing sin and imperfections to become pure and holy before God.
Amplified meaning
to make clean and bright, like polishing metal
Tyndale gloss
to purify
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּרַר (barar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to purify, select, or choose. It encompasses a range of actions including cleansing, polishing, and testing. The word appears in various forms, such as purging or proving oneself, and is notably used in the context of making something bright or clean. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּרַר] vb. purify, select

Qal

purge out, purify

choose, select, only Pt. and in Chronicler

cleanse, make shining, polish

test, prove

Niph. purify oneself

Pi. purify

Hiph.

purify, cleanse

polish arrows

Hithp.

purify oneself

shew oneself pure, just, kind

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1305 [בָּרַר] purify, select .. purge out, purify

. choose, select, only Pt. and in Chronicler

. cleanse, make shining, polish

. test, prove

. purify oneself

. purify

. . purify, cleanse

. polish arrows

. . purify oneself

. shew oneself pure, just, kind

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1305 barar baw-rar'

a primitive root; to clarify (i.e. brighten), examine,

select:--make bright, choice, chosen, cleanse (be clean),

clearly, polished, (shew self) pure(-ify), purge (out).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּרַר (ba.rar) — to purify.

1) to purify, select, polish, choose, purge, cleanse or make bright, test or prove

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to purge, purge out, purify

1a2) to choose, select

1a3) to cleanse, make shining, polish

1a4) to test, prove

1b) (Niphal) to purify oneself

1c) (Piel) to purify

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to purify

1d2) to polish arrows

1e) (Hithpael)

1e1) to purify oneself

1e2) to show oneself pure, just, kind

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hithpael-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVti3mp
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
וְיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּve.yit.la.be.Nu and they may purify themselves H3835 Conjunction · verb hithpael third person masculine plural
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to make bricks, often from clay or mud. It's used to describe the process of building and construction, like the tower of Babel. The word is about creating something new.
Amplified meaning
whitened, refined like silver
Tyndale gloss
to whiten
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָבֵן (*laben*) has two primary meanings: to be white and to make bricks. It can refer to the process of becoming white or purifying in an ethical sense, as well as the act of making bricks. The entries indicate that it is derived from a primitive root and is used in various forms, including Hiphil and Hithpael.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[לָבֵן] vb. be white

Hiph.

make white = purify (ethical)

shew whiteness, grow white, of fig tree, stripped by locusts

Hithp. be purified

base

[לָבַן] vb. denom. make brick

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3835a לָבֵן be white H3835b לָבַן vb. denom. make brick

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3835 laban law-ban'

a primitive root; to be (or become) white; also (as

denominative from 3843) to make bricks:--make brick, be (made,

make) white(-r).

see HEBREW for 03843

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָבֵן (la.ven) — to whiten.

1) to be white

1a) (Hiphil)

1a1) to make white, become white, purify

1a2) to show whiteness, grow white

1b) (Hithpael) to become white, be purified (ethical)

לָבַן (la.van) — to make bricks.

(Qal) to make bricks

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hithpael-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb hithpael third person masculine plural
HC/Vtu3mp
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ve.yi.tza.re.Fu so they may be refined H6884 Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
33× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To refine means to purify something, like metal, by removing impurities. In the Bible, God refines his people like silver, testing and purifying them through trials. This process makes them stronger and more faithful.
Amplified meaning
to purify by removing impurities
Tyndale gloss
to refine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָרַף (tsaraph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to smelt, refine, or test. It encompasses the processes of fusing metals and proving their purity, with forms indicating both the act of refining and the role of a refiner or goldsmith. The word appears in various contexts, including both literal and figurative uses of purification.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָרַף vb. smelt, refine, test

Qal

smelt, refine

test

test (and prove true)

as n. smelter, refiner

Niph. many shall be refined

Pi. as n. a refiner

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6884 צָרַף smelt, refine, test

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6884 tsaraph tsaw-raf'

a primitive root; to fuse (metal), i.e. refine (literally or

figuratively):--cast, (re-)fine(-er), founder, goldsmith,

melt, pure, purge away, try.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָרַף (tsa.raph) — to refine.

1) to smelt, refine, test

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to smelt, refine

1a2) to test

1a3) to test (and prove true)

1a4) smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be refined

1c) (Piel) to be a refiner

1c1) refiner (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
HC/VNu3mp
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
רַבִּ֔יםra.Bim many [people] H7227 Adj
454× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a chief or captain, someone in charge. It is used in 2 Samuel 23:19 to describe a great and powerful man. The idea is one of leadership and authority.
Amplified meaning
a large number, a multitude
Tyndale gloss
many
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רַב 429 adj. much, many, great

(oft. opp. מְעַט)

much: of substances

esp. of collectives, numerous

pl. many

רַב as subst. coll. pers.

cstr. = abounding in

מִן comp. = more numerous than

רַב = abundant, enough

as adv. much, exceedingly

less oft. great

base

רַב 49 n.m. chief

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances

. esp. of collectives, numerous

. pl. many

. רַב as subst. coll. pers.

. cstr. = abounding in

. + מִן comp. = more numerous than

. רַב = abundant, enough

. as adv. much, exceedingly

. less oft. great

H7227b רַב chief

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7227 rab rab

by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,

number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),

captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,

one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,

things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)

much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,

populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

see HEBREW for 07231

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רַב (rav) — many.

adj

1) much, many, great

1a) much

1b) many

1c) abounding in

1d) more numerous than

1e) abundant, enough

1f) great

1g) strong

1h) greater than

adv

1i) much, exceedingly

רַב (rav) — chief.

captain, chief

Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)

רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.

Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)

§ captain, chief

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
וְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּve.hir.Shi.'u and they will act wickedly H7561 Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect third person common plural
34× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Being wicked or acting wrongly is what this Hebrew word describes. In Psalm 37:7, the Bible warns against being wicked and instead encourages trusting in God.
Amplified meaning
to do evil, to sin against God
Tyndale gloss
be wicked
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָשַׁע (rasha`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be wicked or to act wickedly. It covers various aspects of wrongdoing, including being guilty and condemning others in both civil and ethical contexts. The entries indicate a distinction between its basic meaning of wickedness and its implications of guilt and condemnation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָשַׁע] vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly

Qal

be wicked, act wickedly

be guilty

Hiph.

condemn as guilty, in civil relations

condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations

act wickedly, in ethics and religious

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7561 רָשַׁע vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly .. be wicked, act wickedly

. be guilty

. . condemn as guilty, in civil relations

. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations

. act wickedly, in ethics and religious

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7561 rasha` raw-shah'

a primitive root; to be (causatively, do or declare) wrong;

by implication, to disturb, violate:--condemn, make trouble,

vex, be (commit, deal, depart, do) wicked(-ly, -ness).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָשַׁע (ra.sah) — be wicked.

1) to be wicked, act wickedly

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be wicked, act wickedly

1a2) to be guilty, be condemned

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to condemn as guilty (in civil relations)

1b2) to condemn as guilty (in ethical or religious relations)

1b3) to act wickedly (in ethics and religion)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect third person common plural
Hc/Vhq3cp
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
רְשָׁעִ֔יםre.sha.'Im wicked [people] H7563 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
263× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes someone who is morally wrong, a bad person who is guilty of crime or sin against God or others. It is used to describe the wicked in biblical stories, such as in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
morally wrong, guilty of sin
Tyndale gloss
wicked
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7563 rasha` raw-shaw'

from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad

person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did

wrong.

see HEBREW for 07561

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.

1) wicked, criminal

1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

1b) wicked (hostile to God)

1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Compared with

Abominable branches Isa 14:19

Ashes under the feet Mal 4:3

Bad fish Mt 13:48

Animals Ps 49:12; 2Pe 2:12

Blind people Zep 1:17; Mt 15:14

Bronze and iron Jer 6:28; Eze 22:18

Briers add thorns Isa 55:13; Eze 2:6

The bulls of Bashan Ps 22:12

they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
וְלֹ֥אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
יָבִ֖ינוּya.Vi.nu they will understand H995 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To understand or discern, this verb means to separate mentally and know something with your mind, as seen in Proverbs where it talks about gaining insight.
Amplified meaning
to discern, to know with the mind
Tyndale gloss
to understand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בִּין (biyn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to discern or understand. It encompasses a range of meanings including perceiving, considering, and teaching, with various forms indicating different nuances, such as being intelligent or discreet. The entries highlight its use in contexts requiring mental separation or insight, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בִּין vb. discern

Qal

perceive

understand, know (with mind)

observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider (with attention)

have discernment, insight, understanding

Niph. be intelligent, discreet, discerning, distinguish, have understanding

Po. he attentively considereth him

Hiph.

understand

give heed to, attend to, observe, discern

give understanding, make understand, teach

Hithp.

shew oneself attentive, consider diligently

get understanding, understand

shew oneself to have understanding

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H995 בִּין discern .. perceive

. understand, know (with mind)

. observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider (with attention)

. have discernment, insight, understanding

. be intelligent, discreet, discerning, distinguish, have understanding

. he attentively considereth him

. . understand

. give heed to, attend to, observe, discern

. give understanding, make understand, teach

. . shew oneself attentive, consider diligently

. get understanding, understand

. shew oneself to have understanding

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

995 biyn bene

a primitive root; to separate mentally (or distinguish),

i.e.(generally) understand:--attend, consider, be cunning,

diligently, direct, discern, eloquent, feel, inform, instruct,

have intelligence, know, look well to, mark, perceive, be

prudent, regard, (can) skill(-full), teach, think, (cause,

make to, get, give, have) understand(-ing), view, (deal)

wise(-ly, man).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בִּין (bin) — to understand.

1) to discern, understand, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to perceive, discern

1a2) to understand, know (with the mind)

1a3) to observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider

1a4) to have discernment, insight, understanding

1b) (Niphal) to be discerning, intelligent, discreet, have understanding

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to understand

1c2) to cause to understand, give understanding, teach

1d) (Hithpolel) to show oneself discerning or attentive, consider diligently

1e) (Polel) to teach, instruct

2) (TWOT) prudent, regard

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
כָּל־kol- any H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
רְשָׁעִ֑יםre.sha.'Im wicked [people] H7563 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
263× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes someone who is morally wrong, a bad person who is guilty of crime or sin against God or others. It is used to describe the wicked in biblical stories, such as in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
those who are guilty of crime or sin
Tyndale gloss
wicked
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7563 rasha` raw-shaw'

from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad

person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did

wrong.

see HEBREW for 07561

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.

1) wicked, criminal

1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

1b) wicked (hostile to God)

1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Compared with

Abominable branches Isa 14:19

Ashes under the feet Mal 4:3

Bad fish Mt 13:48

Animals Ps 49:12; 2Pe 2:12

Blind people Zep 1:17; Mt 15:14

Bronze and iron Jer 6:28; Eze 22:18

Briers add thorns Isa 55:13; Eze 2:6

The bulls of Bashan Ps 22:12

they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖יםve.ha.mas.ki.Lim and those [who] have insight H7919 Conjunction · particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural
62× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be circumspect means to be careful and thoughtful in your actions. In the Bible, this word is used to describe someone who is intelligent and prudent, like Solomon in 1 Kings 3:12.
Amplified meaning
those who are prudent, circumspect
Tyndale gloss
be prudent
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׂכַל (*sakal*) is a primitive root meaning to be prudent or circumspect. It encompasses a range of meanings including to consider, understand, teach, and prosper. The word can also refer to laying something crosswise in its Piel form. Notably, it appears in contexts that emphasize insight and wisdom.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂכַל vb. be prudent

Qal be prudent, circumspect

Hiph.

look at

give attention to, consider, ponder

have insight, comprehension

cause to consider, give insight, teach

act circumspectly, prudently

prosper, have success

cause to prosper

base

[שָׂכַל] vb. Pi. lay crosswise;—Gn 48:14 (J)

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7919a שָׂכַל be prudent .be prudent, circumspect

. . look at

. give attention to, consider, ponder

. have insight, comprehension

. cause to consider, give insight, teach

. act circumspectly, prudently

. prosper, have success

. cause to prosper

H7919b שָׂכַל Pi. lay crosswise

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7919 sakal saw-kal'

a primitive root; to be (causatively, make or act)

circumspect and hence, intelligent:--consider, expert,

instruct, prosper, (deal) prudent(-ly), (give) skill(-ful),

have good success, teach, (have, make to) understand(-ing),

wisdom, (be, behave self, consider, make) wise(- ly), guide

wittingly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂכַל (sa.khal) — be prudent.

1) to be prudent, be circumspect, wisely understand, prosper

1a) (Qal) to be prudent, be circumspect

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to look at or upon, have insight

1b2) to give attention to, consider, ponder, be prudent

1b3) to have insight, have comprehension

1b3a) insight, comprehension (subst)

1b4) to cause to consider, give insight, teach

1b4a) the teachers, the wise

1b5) to act circumspectly, act prudently, act wisely

1b6) to prosper, have success

1b7) to cause to prosper

Aramaic equivalent: se.khal (שְׂכַל "to contemplate" H7920)

שָׂכַל (sa.khal) — to cross hands.

(Piel) to lay crosswise, cross (hands)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | V-Hiphil — Conjunction · particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural
HC/Td/Vhrmpa
they will purge themselves and they may purify themselves so they may be refined many [people] and they will act wickedly wicked [people] and not they will understand any wicked [people] and those [who] have insight they will understand
יָבִֽינוּ׃ya.Vi.nu they will understand H995 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To understand or discern, this verb means to separate mentally and know something with your mind, as seen in Proverbs where it talks about gaining insight.
Amplified meaning
to comprehend, to have insight
Tyndale gloss
to understand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בִּין (biyn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to discern or understand. It encompasses a range of meanings including perceiving, considering, and teaching, with various forms indicating different nuances, such as being intelligent or discreet. The entries highlight its use in contexts requiring mental separation or insight, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בִּין vb. discern

Qal

perceive

understand, know (with mind)

observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider (with attention)

have discernment, insight, understanding

Niph. be intelligent, discreet, discerning, distinguish, have understanding

Po. he attentively considereth him

Hiph.

understand

give heed to, attend to, observe, discern

give understanding, make understand, teach

Hithp.

shew oneself attentive, consider diligently

get understanding, understand

shew oneself to have understanding

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H995 בִּין discern .. perceive

. understand, know (with mind)

. observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider (with attention)

. have discernment, insight, understanding

. be intelligent, discreet, discerning, distinguish, have understanding

. he attentively considereth him

. . understand

. give heed to, attend to, observe, discern

. give understanding, make understand, teach

. . shew oneself attentive, consider diligently

. get understanding, understand

. shew oneself to have understanding

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

995 biyn bene

a primitive root; to separate mentally (or distinguish),

i.e.(generally) understand:--attend, consider, be cunning,

diligently, direct, discern, eloquent, feel, inform, instruct,

have intelligence, know, look well to, mark, perceive, be

prudent, regard, (can) skill(-full), teach, think, (cause,

make to, get, give, have) understand(-ing), view, (deal)

wise(-ly, man).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בִּין (bin) — to understand.

1) to discern, understand, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to perceive, discern

1a2) to understand, know (with the mind)

1a3) to observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider

1a4) to have discernment, insight, understanding

1b) (Niphal) to be discerning, intelligent, discreet, have understanding

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to understand

1c2) to cause to understand, give understanding, teach

1d) (Hithpolel) to show oneself discerning or attentive, consider diligently

1e) (Polel) to teach, instruct

2) (TWOT) prudent, regard

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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