Job 19:24 — Word Study
WLCבְּעֵט־ בַּרְזֶ֥ל וְעֹפָ֑רֶת לָ֝עַ֗ד בַּצּ֥וּר יֵחָצְבֽוּן׃
BSAby an ironbarzel [strong metal] stylusʻêṭ [writing instrument, like a pen] on leadʻôwphereth [heavy metal, used for durability] or chiseledchâtsab▸ [cut, carved, hewn] in stonetsûwr [rock, boulder, eternal monument] foreverʻad [perpetuity, eternity, without end]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּעֵט־ | with a stylus of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| בַּרְזֶ֥ל | iron | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְעֹפָ֑רֶת | and lead | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| לָ֝עַ֗ד | for ever | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בַּצּ֥וּר | in the rock | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יֵחָצְבֽוּן׃ | they will be engraved ! | Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | by an iron stylus on lead, or chiseled in stone forever. |
| KJV | That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever! |
| ASV | That with an iron pen and lead They were graven in the rock for ever! |
| YLT | With a pen of iron and lead — For ever in a rock they may be hewn. |
| WEB | That with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever! |
| BBE | And with an iron pen and lead be cut into the rock for ever! |
Where they part company is in the rendering of יֵחָצְבֽוּן — see How Translations Differ.
The structure centers around the main action of engraving, with two prepositional phrases providing detail about the methods of inscription.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 19:24
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Affirmation of Faithgenerated
Job 19:24 captures Job's intense desire for his words to be recorded permanently, reflecting his hope for justice and vindication. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job expresses his faith in a Redeemer who will ultimately restore him, contrasting his present suffering with future hope. The surrounding verses illustrate Job's yearning for his plight to be acknowledged and remembered.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 28:11–12 | Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings. |
| 2 | Exodus 32:16 | The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 27:2–3 | And on the day you cross the Jordan into the land that the LORD your God is giving you, set up large stones and coat them with plaster. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 17:1 | “The sin of Judah is written with an iron stylus, engraved with a diamond point on the tablets of their hearts and on the horns of their altars. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יֵחָצְבֽוּן, ye.cha.tze.Vungenerated
The verb יֵחָצְבֽוּן (ye.cha.tze.Vun) is a Niphal imperfect form, indicating that the action of engraving or cutting is done to the subject by an unnamed agent. This suggests a permanence to Job's words, as they will be inscribed or engraved, symbolizing a lasting testament to his suffering and faith.
The root of this word, חָצַב (chatsab), conveys the idea of cutting or carving, often associated with skilled craftsmanship. The choice of this verb emphasizes the durability of the inscription, likening it to something that will withstand the test of time.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the phrase is rendered as they will be engraved, which is consistent across several translations, including the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יֵחָצְבֽוּן governs the structure of the verse, indicating the action of engraving. The prepositional phrases provide detail about the medium of inscription, while noun phrases specify the materials involved.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the permanence of the inscription, with the verb appearing at the end, highlighting the action of engraving as the focal point of Job's declaration.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יֵחָצְבֽוּן as ἐγγλυφῆναι, which means 'to engrave.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the act of carving or cutting into a material, suggesting a similar understanding of permanence.
The use of ἐγγλυφῆναι in the Septuagint reinforces the notion of a lasting record, paralleling the Hebrew concept of enduring inscription.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 19:24 expresses Job's wish that his words be permanently inscribed, either on lead or in stone, as a testament to his suffering and faith. This desire reflects his hope for vindication and remembrance, as he believes in a Redeemer who will ultimately restore him.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job wishes for his words to endure through time, serving as a lasting testament to his experiences and faith.
Lead and stone are durable materials, symbolizing the permanence of his message and the desire for his plight to be remembered.
Job's faith in a Redeemer signifies his hope for justice and restoration, even amidst his suffering.
This verse encapsulates Job's struggle for recognition and vindication, highlighting his unwavering faith despite his trials.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I desire my own words or actions to be remembered by others?
- How can I express my faith in difficult times, like Job did?
- What does it mean for me to have a Redeemer in my life?
- How do I find hope and permanence in my own struggles?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 19:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThat they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever!] Or "that they were written with an iron pen and lead, that they were cut or hewn out in a rock for ever"; not with both an iron
Read John Gill on Job 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThat they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever! Pen - graver. Lead - poured into the engraven characters, to make them better seen (Umbreit).
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAn iron pen; of which also there is mention . And lead; or, or lead; or, with lead; the particle and being oft so used, as . For this lead may be either, 1. The writing pen, which might be either of iron or of lead; for though lead be of itself too soft, yet there was an art of tempering lead with other metals to such a degree of hardness that it could pierce into a rock; as they did-also temper brass, so that they could make bows and swords of it. Or, 2. The writing table; for the ancients did use to write divers things in lead, as is well known. Or, 3. The writing ink, as I may call it; for they used to grave the letters in a stone with an iron tool, and then to fill up the cuts or…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 19 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 19:24 That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever!Ver. 24. That they were graven with an iron pen, &c.] That my words were not only scripta sed sculpta, written, but graven in a rock, as the laws of various nations were cut in brass or marble; and as monuments and epitaphs are graven on tombs for remembrance of those that are dead. And lead] Plumbo per sulcos infuso, saith Junius, the cuts of the letters in marble being filled with lead, that they might be the more legible and durable. In the rock] In marble cut out of the rock. Golden words they are indeed that here follow, and well worthy to be written in letters of gold. In the Life of Zisca (that warlike…
Read John Trapp on Job 19 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 24. Iron pen and lead] Some suppose that the meaning of this place is this: the iron pen is the chisel by which the letters were to be deeply cut in the stone or rock; and the lead was melted into those cavities in order to preserve the engraving distinct. But this is not so natural a supposition as what is stated above; that Job refers to the different kinds of writing or perpetuating public events, used in his time: and the quotations from Pliny and Pausanias confirm the opinion already expressed.
Read AdamClarke on Job 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges24. In Job 19:23 Job longed that his words were written. But ordinary writing is perishable. And now he desires that his words were hewn in indelible characters upon the rock. The “lead” was probably run into the traces cut in the stone. It need not be said that “the rock” like “the book” means merely rock, and not any particular rock.
Read Cambridge on Job 19 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThat they were graven - Cut in, or sculptured - as is done on stones. That they might become thus a permanent record. With an iron pen - A stylus, or an engraving tool - for so the word (עט ‛êṭ) means.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible24. Since ink, parchment, and metal may perish, Job desires that the momentous truth he is about to utter may be chiseled into the rock; and, that the characters may be forever legible, he would have them filled in with lead.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
by an iron stylus on lead, or chiseled in stone forever.
That with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever!
by an iron stylus on lead, or chiseled in stone forever.
that with an iron chisel and with lead they were engraved in a rock forever!
Tyndale line
That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever!
That with an iron pen and lead They were graven in the rock for ever!
That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever!
That they were graven with an iron pen in lead, in the rock for ever!
And grauen with an yron pen in lead, or in stone for euer!
Strictly literal
That with an iron style and lead they were graven in the rock for ever!
With a pen of iron and lead — For ever in a rock they may be hewn.
With a pen of iron and lead—They may be hewn in a rock forever.
That they were hewn with an iron pen and [blackened with] lead for eternity in the hard rock!
Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever!
From the Latin
With an iron pen and in a plate of lead, or else be graven with an instrument in flint stone.
Simplified
or engraved with an iron pen and molten lead in the rock forever.
And with an iron pen and lead be cut into the rock for ever!
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the essential wording of this verse, with five of the six Hebrew words matched in the Greek translation, indicating a consistent understanding across these ancient texts.
בְּעֵט־ בַּרְזֶ֥ל וְעֹפָ֑רֶת לָ֝עַ֗ד בַּצּ֥וּר יֵחָצְבֽוּן׃
5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 19:24
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֵט (et) refers to a stylus or pen, specifically an iron stylus with a diamond tip for writing on stone or metal, as well as a reed pen used on a roll. It is derived from a root meaning to swoop or make a side-long stroke. The entries consistently focus on its use as a writing instrument.
H5842 עֵט
5842 `et ate
from 5860 (contracted) in the sense of swooping, i.e.
side-long stroke; a stylus or marking stick:--pen.
see HEBREW for 05860
עֵט (et) — stylus.
1) stylus
1a) iron stylus with diamond tip used to write on stone or metal
1b) reed pen used on a roll
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בַּרְזֶל (barzel) means 'iron' and can refer to iron ore or iron implements like tools and utensils. It also carries figurative meanings related to harshness, strength, or oppression. The word may be derived from a root associated with cutting. There is an Aramaic equivalent, פַּרְזֶל (parzel), also meaning 'iron'.
בַּרְזֶל n.m. iron
iron, lit.
tool of iron
iron in fig. of unwatered earth
base
H1270 בַּרְזֶל iron
1270 barzel bar-zel'
perhaps from the root of 1269; iron (as cutting); by
extension, an iron implement:--(ax) head, iron.
see HEBREW for 01269
בַּרְזֶל (bar.zel) — iron.
1) iron
1a) iron
1a1) iron ore
1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements
2) tool of iron
3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: par.zel (פַּרְזֶל "iron" H6523)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
עֹפֶרֶת (owphereth) refers to lead, likely derived from its dusty color. The term appears consistently across various lexicons, indicating its meaning as a metal. There is a suggestion that it may be a foreign word, but no significant disagreement among the entries is noted.
עֹפֶרֶת n.m. lead (√ dub.; prob. foreign word)
base
H5777 עוֹפֶרֶת lead (√ dub.; prob. foreign word)
5777 `owphereth o-feh'-reth
or mophereth {o-feh'-reth}; feminine participle active of
6080; lead (from its dusty color):--lead.
see HEBREW for 06080
עֹפֶרֶת (o.phe.ret) — lead.
lead
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
led (`ophereth): Lead was one of the first metals to be used in the free state, probably because it was so easily obtained from its ores. Lead was found in ancient times in Egypt and the Sinaitic peninsula. There is no lead found in Palestine proper, but in Northern Syria and Asia Minor it occurs in considerable quantities, usually associated with silver. These sources no doubt furnished an important supply in Bible times. It was also brought by the Phoenicians from Spain (Tarshish) (Eze 27:12) and the British Isles.
Lead was used, as it still is, all along the Mediterranean shores for sinkers. Pieces of Egyptian fishnets probably dating from 1200 BC are now preserved in the British Museum, with their lead sinkers still attached. Since lead was the heaviest metal known to the ancients, gold excepted, it was generally used for…
This is one of the most common of metals, found generally in veins of rocks, though seldom in a metallic state, and most commonly in combination with sulphur. It was early known to the ancients, and the allusions to it in Scripture indicate that the Hebrews were well acquainted with its uses. The rocks in the neighborhood of Sinai yielded it in large quantities, and it was found in Egypt. In (Job 19:24) the allusion is supposed to be to the practice of carving inscriptions upon stone and pouring molten lead into the cavities of the letters, to render them legible and at the same time preserve them from the action of the air.
There are early allusions to this well-known metal in Scripture. The Egyptians "sank as lead" in the Red Sea, Ex 15:10; Nu 31:22; Eze 27:12. Job refers to its use in preserving a permanent record of events, by being melted and poured into letters deeply cut in a rock, Job 19:24. Leaden tablets also were used by the ancients for similar records. This metal was employed, before the use of quicksilver was known, in purifying silver; and the process by which these metals are purged from their dross, illustrates God’s discipline of his people, Jer 6:29,30; Eze…
עַד, transliterated as ad, refers to the concept of perpetuity, encompassing both past and future time. It signifies a duration that can imply eternity or continuous existence. The term is associated with ancient mountains in the context of the past and is used to denote the idea of forever in relation to the future, particularly in reference to God's existence.
עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so alw.) n.m. perpetuity (= advancing time)
of past time: ancient mountains
of future time, לָעַד for ever
base
H5703 עַד, וָעֶ֑ד perpetuity . of past time: ancient mountains
. of future time, לָעַד for ever
5703 `ad ad
from 5710; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by
implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity
(substantially as a noun, either with or without a
preposition):--eternity, ever(- lasting, -more), old,
perpetually, + world without end.
see HEBREW for 05710
עַד (ad) — perpetuity.
1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future
1a) ancient (of past time)
1b) for ever (of future time)
1b1) of continuous existence
1c) for ever (of God's existence)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
צוּר (tsur) means rock or cliff, often referring to a sharp rock or boulder. It can also signify a refuge or an edge, and is used in various contexts, including references to God as a rock. The word is built from the root associated with strong, compressed formations, and it appears in different forms, such as in the phrase 'rock of God.'
צוּר n.m. rock, cliff
base
H6697 צוּר rock, cliff
6697 tsuwr tsoor
or tsur {tsoor}; from 6696; properly, a cliff (or sharp rock,
as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a
refuge; also an edge (as precipitous):--edge, X (mighty) God
(one), rock, X sharp, stone, X strength, X strong. See also
1049.
see HEBREW for 06696
see HEBREW for 01049
צוּר (tsur) — Rocks (of Goats).
Combined with ya.el (יָעֵל "Wildgoats'" H3277)
This name means rock, cliff
צוּר (tsur) — rock.
1) rock, cliff
1a) rocky wall, cliff
1b) rock (with flat surface)
1c) block of stone, boulder
1d) rock (specific)
1e) rock (of God)
1f) rock (of heathen gods) n pr dei
1g) Rock
Aramaic equivalent: tur (טוּר "mountain" H2906)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
rok ((1) cela`; (2) tsur (3) challamish, "flint"; compare Arabic khalanbus, "flint"; (4) kephim (Job 30:6; Jer 4:29); compare Kephas, "Cephas" = Petros, "Peter" (Joh 1:42 the King James Version and the Revised Version margin); (5) petra):
1. Names:
Tsur and cela` are the words most often found, and there is no well-defined distinction between them. They are frequently coupled together in the parallelism which is characteristic of the Hebrew writers: e.g.
"Be thou to me a strong rock (tsur),
A house of defense to save me.
For thou art my rock (tsela) and my fortress"
(Ps 31:2,3).
"He clave rocks (tsur) in the wilderness,
And gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.
Rock
(Heb. tsur), employed as a symbol of God in the Old Testament (1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3; Isa. 17:10; Ps. 28:1; 31:2,3; 89:26; 95:1); also in the New Testament (Matt. 16:18; Rom. 9:33; 1 Cor. 10:4). In Dan. 2:45 the Chaldaic form of the Hebrew word is translated “mountain.” It ought to be translated “rock,” as in Hab. 1:12 in the Revised Version. The “rock” from which the stone is cut there signifies the…
The Hebrew word חָצַב (chatsab) means to hew, cut, or carve materials like wood and stone. It encompasses various actions such as digging, dividing, and engraving. The word appears in different forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating various nuances of cutting and shaping. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
[חָצַב] חָצֵב vb. hew, hew out, cleave
Qal
hew out, (dig)
hew stone
appar. hew wood
metaph. hew in pieces
Niph. be cut, hewn, graven (words on rock)
Pu. fig., hewn out of rock
Hiph. hew in pieces
base
H2672 [חָצַב] חָצֵב hew, hew out, cleave
2672 chatsab khaw-tsab'
or chatseb {khaw-tsabe'}; a primitive root ; to cut or carve
(wood), stone or other material); by implication, to hew,
split, square, quarry, engrave:--cut, dig, divide, grave, hew
(out, -er), made, mason.
חָצַב (cha.tsav) — to hew.
1) to dig, cleave, divide, hew, make, cut out, dig out, cut down, quarry, hewer, mason
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hew out, dig
1a2) to hew
1a2a) stone
1a2b) wood
1a3) to hew in pieces (metaph.)
1a4) to divide, cleave
1b) (Niphal) to be cut, be hewn, be engraved
1c) (Hiphil) to hew into pieces, cut up into pieces
1d) (Pual) to be cut from, be hewn from
V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVNi3mp/Sn