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Job 14:18 — Word Study

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WLCוְ֭אוּלָם הַר־ נוֹפֵ֣ל יִבּ֑וֹל וְ֝צ֗וּר יֶעְתַּ֥ק מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃

BSAButʼûwlâm [however, in contrast] as a mountainhar [a hill] erodesnâphal [crumbles, falls] and crumblesnâbêl [wastes away, comes to nought] and a rocktsûwr [a boulder, God as a refuge] is dislodgedʻâthaq [removed, moved] from its placemâqôwm [location, position]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 14
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 18 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (mi.me.ko.Mo) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 14:18quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the inevitability of decay and change, using natural imagery to illustrate human fragility.
Who is speakingJob, expressing his thoughts on mortality and the human condition.
Where we areIn a meditation on suffering and the transitory nature of life.
The hard wordיִבּ֑וֹל
Take awayLife is marked by inevitable decline, much like the natural world.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectצוּר verbנָפַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 14:18

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on Mortalitygenerated

17My transgression would be sealed in a bag, and You would cover over my iniquity.
18But as a mountain erodes and crumbles and a rock is dislodged from its place,
19as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.
20You forever overpower him, and he passes on; You change his countenance and send him away.

Job 14:18 presents a stark image of nature's erosion to highlight the human experience of decay and loss. Job contemplates how, just as mountains and rocks undergo change, so too does human life face inevitable decline. This meditation is part of a larger discourse on suffering, mortality, and the hope of restoration found in God, as Job grapples with his own afflictions and the nature of existence.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 102:25–26In the beginning You laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.
2Isaiah 40:12Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, or marked off the heavens with the span of his hand? Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket, or weighed the mountains on a scale and the hills with a balance?
3Isaiah 41:15–16Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.
4Isaiah 54:10Though the mountains may be removed and the hills may be shaken, My loving devotion will not depart from you, and My covenant of peace will not be broken,” says the LORD, who has compassion on you.
5Isaiah 64:1If only You would rend the heavens and come down, so that mountains would quake at Your presence,

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יִבּ֑וֹל, yi.Bolgenerated

The verb נָבַל (nabal) means 'to wither' or 'to fade away.' It conveys a sense of decline, whether physical or moral. In this context, it emphasizes the fragility of life, suggesting that just as mountains erode and crumble, so too does human strength diminish over time.

The parsing indicates that this is an imperfect third person masculine singular verb, suggesting an ongoing action or state. Job uses this term to reflect on the natural process of decay, drawing a parallel to the transitory nature of human existence.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is governed by the conjunction וְ֭אוּלָם, but, which introduces a contrast. The structure follows with two clauses describing the actions of a mountain and a rock, emphasizing the inevitability of change.

The finite verb יִבּ֑וֹל (it crumbles away) serves as a focal point, with the subject צ֗וּר (a rock) and another verb יֶעְתַּ֥ק (it moves) completing the thought. This structure highlights the relationship between the elements of nature and the human experience.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וְ֭אוּלָם as πλὴν (but), maintaining the adversative function of the original Hebrew. This choice underscores the contrast Job is making between the permanence of nature and the impermanence of human life.

The Greek word πῖπτον corresponds to נָפַל (to fall), emphasizing the same themes of decline and erosion found in the Hebrew text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 14:18 uses the imagery of a mountain eroding and a rock being moved to illustrate how life inevitably changes and declines. Job reflects on the fragility of human existence, comparing it to the natural processes of decay. This verse is part of a larger meditation on suffering and the hope for restoration.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by comparing life to a mountain and a rock?

Job uses these comparisons to illustrate the inevitability of decay and change in life, emphasizing that just as mountains erode, so too do humans face decline.

How does this verse relate to the themes of suffering in Job?

This verse reflects Job's contemplation on mortality and suffering, highlighting the transient nature of life and the hope for something beyond it.

What can we learn from Job's reflections on decay?

Job's reflections remind us of the fragility of life and encourage us to consider the deeper meanings of existence and the hope for restoration.

Why does Job use natural imagery to discuss human experience?

Natural imagery serves to ground Job's reflections in familiar experiences, making the concepts of decay and change more relatable and poignant.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the natural world reflecting the changes in my own life?
  2. How can I find hope in the face of life's inevitable declines?
  3. What does this verse teach me about the nature of existence and my own mortality?
  4. How can I apply Job's reflections to my understanding of suffering and restoration?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, drawing parallels between the natural world and human frailty.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XII c. 540–604
Ver. 18, 19. And surely the mountain falling slippeth away, and the rock is removed out of his place. The waters wear the stones, and by washing little by little the earth is consumed, and so Thou wilt in a like way destroy man.
Early Church Fathers on Job 14 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 14:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought,.... Job here returns to his former subject of the irreparable state of man at death, which he illustrates by various other similes, as before; and

Read John Gill on Job 14 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place. Cometh to nought - literally, fadeth; a poetical image from a leaf (Isaiah 34:4).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 14 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As when a great mountain falls, either by an earthquake or inundation of waters, or from any other cause, it moulders away like a fading leaf, (as the Hebrew word signifies,) and never recovers its former height and stability; and as the rock, when by the violence of winds or earthquake, &c. it is removed out of its place, and thrown down, is never readvanced; and as the waters by continual droppings, or violent and frequent assaults, wear away, or break the stones to pieces, so as they can never be made whole again; and as thou washest away, to wit, by a great and violent inundation which thou sendest, the things which grow out of the dust of the earth, to wit, herbs, and fruits, and…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 14 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 14:18 And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place.Ver. 18. And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought] q.d. If thou, Lord, proceed to deal thus rigidly with me, viz. to number or cipher up my steps, to watch over my sins, to seal them up in a bag, &c., and all this in fierce wrath, that thou mayest lay load upon me; what mountain, what rock, what other creature is ever able to abide it? Job had said before, "Is my strength the strength of stones?" Job 6:12; "Am I a sea, or a whale?" Job 7:12 : were I these, or any the like robust creatures, yet could not I expect to stand before the displeased Omnipotency, who taketh the hills like…

Read John Trapp on Job 14 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 18. The mountain falling cometh to naught] Every thing in nature is exposed to mutability and decay:-even mountains themselves may fall from their bases, and be dashed to pieces; or be suddenly swallowed up by an earthquake; and, by the same means, the strongest and most massive rocks may be removed.

Read AdamClarke on Job 14 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

16–22. This prayer for a second life is supported by a picture of the severity with which God deals with man in this life and the mournful consequences of it.

Read Cambridge on Job 14 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And surely the mountain falling - Margin, “Fadeth.” The sense of this is, that the hope of man in regard to living again, must certainly fail - as a mountain falls and does not rise again; as the

Read Albert Barnes on Job 14 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

18. And surely — But. He now proceeds to sum up. Cometh to nought — Decayeth. Literally, withereth like a leaf. A bold metaphor.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 14 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

But as a mountain erodes and crumbles and a rock is dislodged from its place,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“But the mountain falling comes to nothing. The rock is removed out of its place.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

But as a mountain erodes and crumbles and a rock is dislodged from its place,

NETBNew English Translation2006

But as a mountain falls away and crumbles, and as a rock will be removed from its place,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

But the mountain falling cometh to nought; And the rock is removed out of its place;

RVARevised Version, American1894

And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of its place;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And surely the mountain falling cometh to naught, and the rock is removed out of its place.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And surely as the mountaine that falleth, commeth to nought, and the rocke that is remooued from his place:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And indeed a mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of its place;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And yet, a falling mountain wasteth away, And a rock is removed from its place.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And yet, a falling mountain wastes away, and a rock is removed from its place.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

But truly a falling mountain will crumble, and [even] a rock is moved out of its place.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

But even mountains fall and come to nothing; even rocks are moved out of their place;

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

A mountain falling cometh to nought, and a rock is removed out of its place.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

But just as the mountains crumble and fall, and the rocks tumble down;

BBEBible in Basic English1949

But truly a mountain falling comes to dust, and a rock is moved from its place;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

conjunction phraseוְ֭andאוּלָםbutclausenoun phrase · subjectהַרa.mountainנוֹפֵ֣לfallingverbיִבּ֑וֹלit.crumbles.awayוְ֝andclausesubjectצ֗וּרa.rockverbיֶעְתַּ֥קit.movesprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfromnoun phraseמְּקֹמֽplaceוֹits

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text aligns with the Septuagint in its wording, with 7 of the 7 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q101 show some restoration, with one word partly restored and six supplied entirely by an editor, indicating some textual preservation but also gaps.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְ֭אוּלָם הַר־ נוֹפֵ֣ל יִבּ֑וֹל וְ֝צ֗וּר יֶעְתַּ֥ק מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְ֭אוּלָםπλὴνהַר־ὄροςנוֹפֵ֣לπῖπτονיִבּ֑וֹלδιαπεσεῖταιוְ֝צ֗וּרπέτραיֶעְתַּ֥קπαλαιωθήσεταιמִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃τόπου

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q101a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ואלם] [הר] נפל [יבול] [וצור] [יעתק] [ממקמ׳ו]

nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 14:18אוּלָםand butand butאוּלָםהַרa mountaina mountainהַרנָפַל[is] fallin[is] fallingנָפַלנָבֵלit crumblesit crumbles awaנָבֵלצוּרand a rockand a rockצוּרעָתַקit movesit movesעָתַקמָקוֹםfrom place from place itsמָקוֹםצוּרto confineto confineצוּרלֵב(Leb)-kama(Leb)-kamaiלֵבאוּלַיperhapsperhapsאוּלַיהַרmountainmountainהַרפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַלגָּדַלto magnifyto magnifyגָּדַלבֵּֽיתְאֵלBethelBethelבֵּֽיתְאֵלגִּבְעָהGibeatGibeatגִּבְעָהאֶפְרַ֫יִםEphraimEphraimאֶפְרַ֫יִםגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלחָלָלslain: kilslain: killedחָלָלעָלֶהleafleafעָלֶהעֹרֵבOrebOrebעֹרֵבבִּלְעֲדֵיbesidebesideבִּלְעֲדֵיצוּרrockrockצוּרמָקוֹםplaceplaceמָקוֹםבָּחַרto chooseto chooseבָּחַרשָׁחַטto slaughtto slaughterשָׁחַט
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 14:18

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
וְ֭אוּלָםVe.'u.lom and but H199 Conjunction · adverb
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is used to show contrast, like 'but' or 'however', and is often used to emphasize a point, as seen in its various KJV translations.
Amplified meaning
however, in contrast
Tyndale gloss
but
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוּלָם (uwlam) is an adverb meaning 'but' or 'however,' functioning as a strong adversative in sentences. It is noted for its emphasis on contrast, appearing in contexts where a statement is countered or qualified. The entries consistently highlight its role in introducing opposing ideas.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוּלָם adv. but, but indeed, a strong adversative

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H199 אוּלָם but, but indeed, a strong adversative

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

199 'uwlam oo-lawm'

apparently a variation of 194; however or on the

contrary:--as for, but, howbeit, in very deed, surely, truly,

wherefore.

see HEBREW for 0194

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוּלָם (u.lam) — but.

1) but, but indeed (a strong adversative)

2) however, nevertheless

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adv — Conjunction · adverb
HC/D
and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
הַר־har- a mountain H2022 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
546× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Amplified meaning
a hill
Tyndale gloss
mountain: mount
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country

mountain, hill

hill-country, mountain-region

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2022 har har

a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills

(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X

promotion.

see HEBREW for 02042

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַר (har) — mountain: mount.

: mount/hill

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.

: hill_country

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Melted Ps 97:5; De 4:11; 5:23; Jud 5:5; Isa 64:1-3; Mic 1:4; Na 1:5

→ Overturning and removing of Job 9:5; 14:18; 28:9; Eze 38:20

→ Abraham offers Isaac upon Mount Moriah, afterward called Mount Zion, the site of the temple (later in the time of Solomon) Ge 22:2

→ See ZION

→ Mount Horeb appointed as a place for the Israelites to worship Ex 3:12

and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
נוֹפֵ֣לno.Fel [is] falling H5307 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
435× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to fall, and it's used in many ways, like falling down, failing, or being defeated. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah. God's people often fell away from Him, but He always offered a way back.
Amplified meaning
crumbles, falls
Tyndale gloss
to fall: fall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie

Qal 366

fall, by accident

Esp. of violent death

fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

fig. = experience calamity

fall, of a city

Fall prostrate

fall = prostrate oneself before

fall upon one's neck, in embrace

Fall upon = attack

desert or fall away to, go over to

Fig., of deep sleep

Other idiomatic uses

= lie; = lie prostrate

Hiph.

cause to fall

Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

Esp. of casting lot

Fig., let drop, cause to fail

cause deep sleep to fall

Other idioms

Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident

. . Esp. of violent death

. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

. fig. = experience calamity

. fall, of a city

. . Fall prostrate

. fall = prostrate oneself before

. fall upon one's neck, in embrace

. . Fall upon = attack

. desert or fall away to, go over to

. Fig., of deep sleep

. Other idiomatic uses

. = lie; = lie prostrate

. . cause to fall

. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

. Esp. of casting lot

. Fig., let drop, cause to fail

. cause deep sleep to fall

. Other idioms

. throw, or prostrate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5307 naphal naw-fal'

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications

(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be

accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide

(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall

(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have

(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay

(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,

lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make

to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.

see HEBREW for 06419

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.

: fall/drop/fail

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before

1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of

1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result

1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to

1a7) to lie, lie prostrate

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate

1b2) to overthrow

1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot

1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)

1b5) to cause to fall

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon

1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself

1d) (Pilel) to fall

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.

: deserting

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
יִבּ֑וֹלyi.Bol it crumbles away H5034 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To wither means to lose strength or fade away, and can also describe someone acting foolishly or wickedly. It is used to convey a sense of decline or failure.
Amplified meaning
wastes away, comes to nought
Tyndale gloss
be senseless
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָבַל (nabal) has two main meanings: to be senseless or foolish, and to wither or fade. It can describe both a moral failing and a physical decline, such as a plant wilting. The word's usage in the Old Testament reflects these themes, though the lexicons do not present significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָבַל vb. be senseless, foolish

Qal if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself

Pi. regard or treat as a נָבָל (q.v.), i.e. with contumely

base

נָבֵל vb. sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade

Qal

sink or drop down

usu. fall like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5034a נָבֵל be senseless, foolish H5034b נָבֵל sink or dropdown, languish, wither and fall, fade

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5034 nabel naw-bale'

a primitive root; to wilt; generally, to fall away, fail,

faint; figuratively, to be foolish or (morally) wicked;

causatively, to despise, disgrace:--disgrace, dishounour,

lightly esteem, fade (away, - ing), fall (down, -ling, off),

do foolishly, come to nought, X surely, make vile, wither.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָבַל (na.val) — be senseless.

1) to be senseless, be foolish

1a) (Qal) to be foolish

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to regard or treat as foolish

1b2) to treat with contempt

נָבֵל (na.vel) — to wither.

1) to sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sink or drop down

1a2) to fall, wither and fall, fade

1a3) to droop

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
וְ֝צ֗וּרve.Tzur and a rock H6697 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
78× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A rock or boulder, often used to describe God as a refuge, like in Psalm 18:2.
Amplified meaning
a boulder, God as a refuge
Tyndale gloss
rock
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צוּר (tsur) means rock or cliff, often referring to a sharp rock or boulder. It can also signify a refuge or an edge, and is used in various contexts, including references to God as a rock. The word is built from the root associated with strong, compressed formations, and it appears in different forms, such as in the phrase 'rock of God.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צוּר n.m. rock, cliff

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6697 צוּר rock, cliff

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6697 tsuwr tsoor

or tsur {tsoor}; from 6696; properly, a cliff (or sharp rock,

as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a

refuge; also an edge (as precipitous):--edge, X (mighty) God

(one), rock, X sharp, stone, X strength, X strong. See also

1049.

see HEBREW for 06696

see HEBREW for 01049

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צוּר (tsur) — Rocks (of Goats).

Combined with ya.el (יָעֵל "Wildgoats'" H3277)

This name means rock, cliff

צוּר (tsur) — rock.

1) rock, cliff

1a) rocky wall, cliff

1b) rock (with flat surface)

1c) block of stone, boulder

1d) rock (specific)

1e) rock (of God)

1f) rock (of heathen gods) n pr dei

1g) Rock

Aramaic equivalent: tur (טוּר "mountain" H2906)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

rok ((1) cela`; (2) tsur (3) challamish, "flint"; compare Arabic khalanbus, "flint"; (4) kephim (Job 30:6; Jer 4:29); compare Kephas, "Cephas" = Petros, "Peter" (Joh 1:42 the King James Version and the Revised Version margin); (5) petra):

1. Names:

Tsur and cela` are the words most often found, and there is no well-defined distinction between them. They are frequently coupled together in the parallelism which is characteristic of the Hebrew writers: e.g.

"Be thou to me a strong rock (tsur),

A house of defense to save me.

For thou art my rock (tsela) and my fortress"

(Ps 31:2,3).

"He clave rocks (tsur) in the wilderness,

And gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Rock

(Heb. tsur), employed as a symbol of God in the Old Testament (1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3; Isa. 17:10; Ps. 28:1; 31:2,3; 89:26; 95:1); also in the New Testament (Matt. 16:18; Rom. 9:33; 1 Cor. 10:4). In Dan. 2:45 the Chaldaic form of the Hebrew word is translated “mountain.” It ought to be translated “rock,” as in Hab. 1:12 in the Revised Version. The “rock” from which the stone is cut there signifies the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Struck by Moses for water De 8:15; Ps 78:15,16,20

→ Houses in Jer 49:16; Ob 1:3; Mt 7:24,25

→ Oil from Job 29:6; De 32:13

→ A name of God De 32:4

→ FIGURATIVE 2Sa 22:32,47; 23:3; Ps 18:2; 31:2; 40:2; Isa 17:10; 32:2; Mt 16:18;

and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
יֶעְתַּ֥קye'.Tak it moves H6275 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to move or proceed, and can also mean to grow old or be removed. It appears in various forms, including to transcribe or copy out. In the Bible, it is used to describe advancing in years or moving forward in life.
Amplified meaning
removed, moved
Tyndale gloss
to proceed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָתַק (athaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to move, proceed, or advance. It can refer to physical movement or the figurative sense of growing old or being removed. The entries indicate uses in both the Qal and Hiphil stems, with the Hiphil form also meaning to transcribe or copy out. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָתַק move, proceed, advance

Qal

move

advance

Hiph.

move forward

he who removeth mountains

very late transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6275 עָתַק move, proceed, advance .. move

. advance

. . move forward

. he who removeth mountains

. very late transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6275 `athaq aw-thak'

a primitive root; to remove (intransitive or transitive)

figuratively, to grow old; specifically, to transcribe:--copy

out, leave off, become (wax) old, remove.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָתַק (a.taq) — to proceed.

1) to move, proceed, advance, move on, become old, be removed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to move

1a2) to advance (in years), grow old and weak

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to move forward, proceed, move on

1b2) to remove

1b3) to transcribe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and but a mountain [is] falling it crumbles away and a rock it moves from place its
מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃mi.me.ko.Mo from place its H4725 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
401× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Maqom means a place or location, like a city or a region. It can also refer to a condition of the body or mind. This term is used to describe a wide range of locations and situations.
Amplified meaning
location, position
Tyndale gloss
place
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָקוֹם (maqom) means 'place' and encompasses a variety of contexts, including a standing place, station, or post. It can refer to human abodes, localities, regions, and even figurative conditions of body or mind. The term is derived from a root meaning 'standing' and is used broadly in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָקוֹם, מָקֹם 399 n.m. standing-place, place

standing-place

station, where soldiers are placed

post, office

place where a thing belongs

esp.

place of human abode

of י׳’s abode

place

in gen. place, locality, spot

space, room

space, distance, between

region, quarter, direction

peculiar uses

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4725 מָקוֹם, מָקֹם standing-place, place . . standing-place

. station, where soldiers are placed

. post, office

. . place where a thing belongs

. esp. . place of human abode

. of י׳’s abode

. place

. in gen. place, locality, spot

. . space, room

. space, distance, between

. region, quarter, direction

. peculiar uses

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4725 maqowm maw-kome'

or maqom {maw-kome'}; also (feminine) mqowmah {mek-o-mah'};

or mqomah {mek-o-mah'}; from 6965; properly, a standing, i.e.

a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific);

also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or

mind):--country, X home, X open, place, room, space, X

whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 06965

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָקוֹם (ma.qom) — place.

1) standing place, place

1a) standing place, station, post, office

1b) place, place of human abode

1c) city, land, region

1d) place, locality, spot

1e) space, room, distance

1f) region, quarter, direction

1g) give place to, instead of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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