Isaiah 34:7 — Word Study
WLCוְיָרְד֤וּ רְאֵמִים֙ עִמָּ֔ם וּפָרִ֖ים עִם־ אַבִּירִ֑ים וְרִוְּתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ מִדָּ֔ם וַעֲפָרָ֖ם מֵחֵ֥לֶב יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃
BSAAnd the wild oxenrᵉʼêm [reems, unicorns] will fallyârad with themʻim the young bullspar [bullocks] withʻim the strong [ones]ʼabbîyr [mighty, powerful] Their landʼerets [earth, territory] will be drenchedrâvâh [soaked, drunken] with blooddâm [the liquid that flows through the body] and their soilʻâphâr [dust, ground] will be soakeddâshên▸ [quenched, saturated] with fatcheleb [richness, abundance]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיָרְד֤וּ | and they will go down | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| רְאֵמִים֙ | wild oxen | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| עִמָּ֔ם | with them | Preposition, suffix |
| וּפָרִ֖ים | and young bulls | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| עִם־ | with | Preposition |
| אַבִּירִ֑ים | mighty [bulls] | Adj |
| וְרִוְּתָ֤ה | and it will drink its fill | Verb, Piel, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| אַרְצָם֙ | land their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| מִדָּ֔ם | from blood | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וַעֲפָרָ֖ם | and dust their | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מֵחֵ֥לֶב | from fat | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃ | it will be fattened | Verb, Pual, imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And the wild oxen will fall with them, the young bulls with the strong ones. Their land will be drenched with blood, and their soil will be soaked with fat. |
| KJV | And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness. |
| ASV | And the wild-oxen shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls: and their land shall be drunken with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness. |
| YLT | And come down have reems with them, And bullocks with bulls, And soaked hath been their land from blood, And their dust from fatness is made fat. |
| WEB | The wild oxen will come down with them, and the young bulls with the mighty bulls; and their land will be drunken with blood, and their dust made greasy with fat. |
| BBE | And the strong oxen will go down to death together with the smaller cattle. |
Where they part company is יְדֻשָּֽׁן — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the action, followed by additional phrases that describe the subjects and the resultant state of the land.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectרְאֵם
verbיָרַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 34:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Judgment Against Edomgenerated
Isaiah 34:7 is part of a passage that depicts God's judgment against Edom, illustrating the devastation that will come upon the land and its inhabitants. The imagery of wild oxen and young bulls falling emphasizes the strength of the judgment, while the references to blood and fat highlight the severity and consequences of this divine act. This chapter serves as a warning of the impending doom for those who oppose God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 23:22 | God brought them out of Egypt with strength like a wild ox. |
| 2 | Numbers 24:8 | God brought him out of Egypt with strength like a wild ox, to devour hostile nations and crush their bones, to pierce them with arrows. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 33:17 | His majesty is like a firstborn bull, and his horns are like those of a wild ox. With them he will gore the nations, even to the ends of the earth. Such are the myriads of Ephraim, and such are the thousands of Manasseh.” |
| 4 | Job 39:9–10 | Will the wild ox consent to serve you? Will he stay by your manger at night? |
| 5 | Psalm 92:10 | But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְדֻשָּֽׁן, ye.du.Shangenerated
The verb דָּשֵׁן (dashen) means to become fat or prosperous, often symbolizing abundance and blessing. In this verse, it indicates that the land will not only be drenched in blood but will also experience a strange form of prosperity through saturation with fat.
The Pual form indicates a passive sense, suggesting that the land will be acted upon to become fattened, emphasizing the transformation it undergoes as a result of the judgment.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יָרְד֤וּ and רִוְּתָ֤ה govern the two main clauses of the verse, with additional phrases detailing the subjects and conditions. This structure emphasizes the actions of the wild oxen and young bulls alongside the resulting state of the land.
The word order places the subjects רְאֵמִים֙ and פָרִ֖ים before the verbs, highlighting their significance in the judgment being described.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָרְד֤וּ as συμπεσοῦνται, indicating a falling together, which suggests a collective downfall. This choice reflects the severity of the judgment as a dramatic event.
For רְאֵמִים֙, the LXX uses ἁδροὶ, a term that emphasizes the strength of these creatures, aligning with the original Hebrew's depiction of wild oxen.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 34:7 describes how wild oxen and young bulls will fall, indicating a great judgment. The land will be drenched with blood and soaked with fat, symbolizing both destruction and a strange form of abundance.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This signifies the judgment and destruction of powerful beings, representing the severity of God's wrath.
Blood symbolizes death and sacrifice, while fat represents abundance; together they illustrate the consequences of judgment and the land's transformation.
The wild oxen and young bulls symbolize strength and power, emphasizing the totality of the judgment affecting even the mightiest.
This verse is part of a prophetic warning about the fate of Edom, illustrating the consequences of rebellion against God and the resulting devastation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the imagery of falling animals tell us about the nature of God's judgment?
- How can we understand the relationship between destruction and abundance in this passage?
- In what ways does this verse challenge our understanding of strength and power?
- How can we apply the lessons of judgment and transformation from this verse to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 34:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the unicorns shall come down with them,.... With the lambs, goats, and rams; that is, either the rhinoceros, as some, there being no such creature as the unicorn; or the buffaloes, as (m) others;
Read John Gill on Isaiah 34 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 34 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe unicorns, Heb. the reemim. But what kind of beast this is, whether that beast which is commonly called an unicorn, which seems to be but a fiction in the judgment of the learned, or a rhinoceros, or a wild ox or bull, it is needless to trouble the ordinary reader about it; and the learned may consult my Latin Synopsis upon about it. It is confessed that it was a beast of great strength and fierceness; and it is certain that it is metephorically used in this place, to signify their princes and potentates. Shall come down; shall be humbled and cast down. The LXX. and Syriac render it, they shall fall down, as such beasts do when they have received a deadly blow. With them; with the lambs…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 34 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 34:7 And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.Ver. 7. And the unicorns shall come down.] Monocerotes, qui interimi possunt, capi non possunt, creatures of untameahle fierceness; or rhinoceros, as the margin hath it - he meaneth the great ones.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 34 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) And the unicorns shall come down with them . . .—Better, the aurochs, or wild bulls . . . The Hebrew, rem, which meets us in Deuteronomy 33:17; Psalms 22:21, has been identified with the buffalo, the antelope (Antilope leucoryx), and by Mr. Houghton, a naturalist as well as a scholar, on the strength of Assyrian inscriptions, pointing to the land of the Khatti (Hittites) and the foot of the Lebanon as its habitat, and of bas-reliefs representing it, with the Bos primigenius of zoologists (Bible Educator, ii. 24-29). Here, the fierce wild beasts stand for the chiefs of the Edomites. (Comp. Psalms 22:12; Psalms 22:21.) The verb, “shall come down,” as in Jeremiah 48:15; Jeremiah 50:27…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 34 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. The unicorns shall come down] ראמים reemim, translated wild goats by Bishop Lowth. The ראם reem Bochart thinks to be a species of wild goat in the deserts of Arabia. It seems generally to mean the rhinoceros. With blood - "With their blood"] מדמם middamam; so two ancient MSS. of Kennicott's the Syriac, and Chaldee.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 34 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. For unicorns render with R.V. wild oxen. come down] sc. to the place of slaughter, Jeremiah 48:15, &c.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 34 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the unicorns - Margin, ‘Rhinoceros’ (ראמים re'ēmı̂ym from ראם re'êm).
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 34 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And the wild oxen will fall with them, the young bulls with the strong ones. Their land will be drenched with blood, and their soil will be soaked with fat.
The wild oxen will come down with them, and the young bulls with the mighty bulls; and their land will be drunken with blood, and their dust made greasy with fat.
And the wild oxen will fall with them, the young bulls with the strong ones. Their land will be drenched with blood, and their soil will be soaked with fat.
Wild oxen will be slaughtered along with them, as well as strong bulls. Their land is drenched with blood, their soil is covered with fat.
Tyndale line
And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
And the wild-oxen shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls: and their land shall be drunken with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
And the wild-oxen shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be drunken with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be drenched with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
And the vnicorne shall come downe with them and the heiffers with the bulles, and their lande shalbe drunken with blood, and their dust made fat with fatnesse.
Strictly literal
And the buffaloes shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
And come down have reems with them, And bullocks with bulls, And soaked hath been their land from blood, And their dust from fatness is made fat.
And reems have come down with them, || And bullocks with bulls, || And their land has been soaked from blood, || And their dust is made fat from fatness.
And wild oxen shall sink down with them, and steers with bullocks; and their land shall be sated with blood, and their dust enriched with fat.
Wild oxen will fall with them, and young bulls with the older ones. Their land will be drunk with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.
From the Latin
And the unicorns shall go down with them, and the bulls with the mighty: their land shall be soaked with blood, and their ground with the fat of fat ones.
Simplified
Wild ox will fall with them, the young bulls along with the mature ones. Their land will be soaked with blood, and their soil soaked with fat.
And the strong oxen will go down to death together with the smaller cattle.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Dead Sea Scrolls, confirming the wording and structure of the verse. The Septuagint, while differing in word order, maintains a similar meaning, indicating a collective downfall of the animals and the land's condition.
וְיָרְד֤וּ רְאֵמִים֙ עִמָּ֔ם וּפָרִ֖ים עִם־ אַבִּירִ֑ים וְרִוְּתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ מִדָּ֔ם וַעֲפָרָ֖ם מֵחֵ֥לֶב יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃
9 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וירדו ראמים עמ׳מ ופרים עם אבירים ורותה ארצ׳םה מדם ועפר׳ם מחלב ידשן
12 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 34:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.
יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend
Qal 306
come or go down
go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
from Jerusalem
from altar
go down
= sink, in water
go down to She’ôl
fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
= be prostrated
of divine manifestations: descend
of inanimate things
Hiph.
cause to come or go down
bring down
send down rain = cause to flow down
= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
bring down to She’ôl
take down (from cart)
let down
Hoph.
be brought down
be taken down
base
H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down
. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
. from Jerusalem
. from altar
. go down
. = sink, in water
. go down to She’ôl
. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
. = be prostrated
. of divine manifestations: descend
. of inanimate things
. . cause to come or go down . bring down
. send down rain = cause to flow down
. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
. bring down to She’ôl
. take down (from cart)
. let down
. . be brought down
. be taken down
3381 yarad yaw-rad'
a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or
conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,
the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to
bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,
bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,
fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X
indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,
let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.
1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come down
1a2) to sink
1a3) to be prostrated
1a4) to come down (of revelation)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to bring down
1b2) to send down
1b3) to take down
1b4) to lay prostrate
1b5) to let down
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought down
1c2) to be taken down
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
רְאֵם (r'em) refers to a wild ox, possibly the extinct aurochs. The term is derived from the root meaning 'to see' or 'to be conspicuous,' indicating its notable appearance. While the exact identity of the animal is uncertain, it is mentioned in various contexts, including biblical texts.
רְאֵם n.m. wild ox
base
H7214 רְאֵם wild ox
7214 r'em reh-ame'
or rieym {reh-ame'}; or reym {rame}; or rem {rame}; from
7213; a wild bull (from its conspicuousness):--unicorn.
see HEBREW for 07213
רְאֵם (re.em) — wild ox.
probably the great aurochs or wild bulls which are now extinct. The exact meaning is not known.
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.
עִם prep. with
of fellowship and companionship
of aid
Of actions done jointly with another
If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against
Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another
Of a common lot together with the wicked
Of equality or resemblance generally aid
Of time, as long as
Of a locality, close to, beside
Of persons, עִם is spec.
in the house or family or service of
In possession of
In the custody or care of
Beside = except
With = friendly with
Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
base
מֵעִם 72 from with or beside
base
H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship
. Of a locality, close to, beside
. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of
. In possession of
. In the custody or care of
. Beside = except
. With = friendly with
. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside
5973 `im eem
from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction
with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;
often with prepositional prefix (and then usually
unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X
long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from
(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,
with(-al).
see HEBREW for 06004
עִם (im) — with.
1) with
1a) with
1b) against
1c) toward
1d) as long as
מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.
1a) beside, except
1b) in spite of
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
פַּר (par) refers to a young bull or steer. It is derived from a root that suggests strength or breaking forth. The term encompasses meanings like bullock and calf, indicating its use in contexts related to livestock.
פַּר 132 n.m. young bull, steer
base
H6499 פַּר young bull, steer
6499 par par
or par {pawr}; from 6565; a bullock (apparently as breaking
forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof):--(+
young) bull(-ock), calf, ox.
see HEBREW for 06565
פַּר (par) — bullock.
young bull, steer, bullock
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.
עִם prep. with
of fellowship and companionship
of aid
Of actions done jointly with another
If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against
Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another
Of a common lot together with the wicked
Of equality or resemblance generally aid
Of time, as long as
Of a locality, close to, beside
Of persons, עִם is spec.
in the house or family or service of
In possession of
In the custody or care of
Beside = except
With = friendly with
Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
base
מֵעִם 72 from with or beside
base
H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship
. Of a locality, close to, beside
. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of
. In possession of
. In the custody or care of
. Beside = except
. With = friendly with
. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside
5973 `im eem
from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction
with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;
often with prepositional prefix (and then usually
unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X
long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from
(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,
with(-al).
see HEBREW for 06004
עִם (im) — with.
1) with
1a) with
1b) against
1c) toward
1d) as long as
מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.
1a) beside, except
1b) in spite of
Prep — PrepositionHR
אָבִּיר (abbiyr) means mighty or valiant, and can refer to men, angels, or animals. It also has metaphorical uses, describing enemies, princes, or sacrificial objects. The word can imply strength or obstinacy, and is associated with concepts of power in various contexts.
אָבִּיר adj. mighty, valiant
base
H47 אָבִּיר mighty, valiant
47 'abbiyr ab-beer'
for 46; --angel, bull, chiefest, mighty (one),
stout(-hearted), strong (one), valiant.
see HEBREW for 046
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: ox.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: stallion.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: strong.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
אַבִּיר (ab.bir) — mighty: angel.
1) mighty, valiant
1a) of men
1b) of angels
1c) of animals
1d) (metaph)
1d1) of enemies
1d2) of princes
1d3) of sacrificial objects
1e) obstinate (fig.)
Adj — AdjHAampa
רָוָה (ravah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to saturate or quench thirst, often applied to drinking one's fill. It includes various forms such as being intoxicated or abundantly watering something. The entries indicate that it can express both the act of satisfying thirst and the causative action of drenching or saturating.
[רָוָה] vb. be saturated, drink one's fill
Qal we will take our fill of love
Pi.
intens. be intoxicated, drunk
causat. drench, water abundantly
Hiph. saturate, water
Hoph. Impf.
base
H7301 רָוָה be saturated, drink one's fill .we will take our fill of love
. . intens. be intoxicated, drunk
. causat. drench, water abundantly
. saturate, water
. Impf.
7301 ravah raw-vaw'
a primitive root; to slake the thirst (occasionally of other
appetites):--bathe, make drunk, (take the) fill, satiate,
(abundantly) satisfy, soak, water (abundantly).
רָוָה (ra.vah) — to quench.
1) to be satiated or saturated, have or drink one's fill
1a) (Qal) to take one's fill
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to be drunk, be intoxicated
1b2) to drench, water abundantly, saturate
1c) (Hiphil) to saturate, water, cause to drink
Conj | V-Piel-3fs — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vpq3fs
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp
דָּם (dam) means 'blood' and refers to the blood of both humans and animals. It is often associated with death, particularly when shed, and can also figuratively denote the juice of grapes or bloodshed. The term carries religious significance and is used in various contexts, including references to guilt and innocence.
דָּם 300 n.m. blood
blood of man or animal
usually blood become visible
blood used with religious significance
fig. of wine
base
H1818 דָּם blood
1818 dam dawm
from 1826 (compare 119); blood (as that which when shed
causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of
the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed
(i.e. drops of blood):--blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), +
innocent.
see HEBREW for 01826
see HEBREW for 0119
דָּם (dam) — blood.
1) blood
1a) of wine (fig.)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
blud (dam, probably from 'adham "to be red"; haima): Used in the Old Testament to designate the life principle in either animal or vegetable, as the blood of man or the juice of the grape (Le 17:11, et al.); in the New Testament for the blood of an animal, the atoning blood of Christ, and in both Old Testament and New Testament in a figurative sense for bloodshed or murder (Ge 37:26; Ho 4:2; Re 16:6).
1. Primitive Ideas:
Although the real function of the blood in the human system was not fully known until the fact of its circulation was established by William Harvey in 1615, nevertheless from the earliest times a singular mystery has been attached to it by all peoples. Blood…
Blood
(1.) As food, prohibited in Gen. 9:4, where the use of animal food is first allowed. Comp. Deut. 12:23; Lev. 3:17; 7:26; 17:10-14. The injunction to abstain from blood is renewed in the decree of the council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:29). It has been held by some, and we think correctly, that this law of prohibition was only ceremonial and temporary; while others regard it as still binding on all. Blood was eaten by the Israelites after the battle of Gilboa (1 Sam. 14:32-34).
(2.) The blood of sacrifices was caught by the priest in a basin, and then sprinkled seven times on the altar; that of the passover on the…
To blood is ascribed in Scripture the mysterious sacredness which belongs to life, and God reserved it to himself when allowing man the dominion over and the use of the lower animals for food. Thus reserved, it acquires a double power: (1) that of sacrificial atonement; and (2) that of becoming a curse when wantonly shed, unless duly expiated. (Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 7:26; 17:11-13)
The life of all animals was regarded as especially in the blood, which was a sacred and essential part of the sacrifices offered to God, Heb 9:22. It was solemnly sprinkled upon the altar and the mercy seat, "for it is the blood that maketh atonement for the soul," Le 17:1-16 the life of the victim for the life of the sinner. It was therefore most sacredly associated with the blood of the Lamb of God which "cleanseth us from all sin," Eph 1:7 1Jo 1:7. Hence the strict prohibition renewed in Ac 15:29. In direct opposition to this are the heathen customs of drinking the blood of animals and even of men- of eating raw flesh, with the blood, and even fresh cut from the living…
עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.
עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust
base
H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust
6083 `aphar aw-fawr'
from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,
mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.
see HEBREW for 06080
עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.
1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
1a) dry or loose earth
1b) debris
1c) mortar
1d) ore
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp3mp
חֵ֫לֶב (cheleb) means fat, referring to both human and animal fat, as well as the choicest parts of agricultural products. It conveys the idea of richness or abundance, highlighting the best or finest portions. The entries consistently emphasize its literal and figurative uses, but do not provide specific verse references.
חֵ֫לֶב n.m. fat
fat of human body
fat of beasts
choicest, best part of products of land
base
H2459 חֵ֫לֶב fat . fat of human body
. fat of beasts
. choicest, best part of products of land
2459 cheleb kheh'-leb
or cheleb {khay'-leb}; from an unused root meaning to be fat;
fat, whether literally or figuratively; hence, the richest or
choice part:--X best, fat(-ness), X finest, grease, marrow.
חֵ֫לֶב (che.lev) — fat.
1) fat
1a) fat (of humans)
1b) fat (of beasts)
1c) choicest, best part, abundance (of products of the land)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
(chelebh, chelebh): The layer of subcutaneous fat and the compact suet surrounding the viscera and imbedded in the entrails, which, like the blood, was forbidden as food in the Mosaic code (Le 3:17). It was to be sacrificed to God by being burnt upon the altar (Le 3:16; 30). This had to be done on the very day on which a beast had been slaughtered, to remove temptation from the Israelite to use it otherwise (Ex 23:18). The law was probably a sanitary restriction, for, at an early date, leprosy, scrofula and disfiguring cutaneous diseases were thought to be caused by the use of fat as food. It was, moreover, an important pedagogical provision teaching the idea of self-denial, and the maxim that the richest and best meat of the…
Fat
(Heb. heleb) denotes the richest part of the animal, or the fattest of the flock, in the account of Abel’s sacrifice (Gen. 4:4). It sometimes denotes the best of any production (Gen. 45:18; Num. 18:12; Ps. 81:16; 147:47). The fat of sacrifices was to be burned (Lev. 3:9-11; 4:8; 7:3; 8:25; Num. 18:17. Comp. Ex. 29:13-22; Lev. 3:3-5).
It is used figuratively for a dull, stupid state of mind (Ps 17:10).
i.e. VAT, the word employed in the Authorized Version to translate the Hebrew term yekeb , in (Joel 2:24; 3:13) The word commonly used for yekeb is "winepress" or "winefat," and once "pressfat." (Haggai 2:16) The "vats" appear to have been excavated out of the native rock of the hills on which the vineyards lay.
The fat portions of animals offered in sacrifice were always to be consumed, as being the choice part and especially sacred to the Lord. The blood was also sacred, as containing the life of the animal. The Jews were forbidden to eat either, Le 3:16,17; 7:23-27.
דָּשֵׁן (dashen) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be or become fat, often symbolizing prosperity and joy. It can also refer to anointing and the act of removing ashes from burnt offerings. The word encompasses various forms, including causative and passive uses, reflecting both physical and metaphorical senses of abundance.
דָּשֵׁן vb. be fat, grow fat
Qal fig. of Isr.’s prosperity
Pi. causat. make fat i.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy; of bodily effect of good news; find a burnt-offering fat = acceptable; elsewhere denom.;—take away, clear away the fat ashes (acc. of altar cleared)
Pu. pass. of causat. Pi. be made fat, of dust saturated
Hothp. of Yahweh’s sword:—it hath fattened itself
base
H1878 דָּשֵׁן be fat, grow fat .fig. of Isr.’s prosperity
. causat. make fat i.e. anoint, symbol of festivity and joy; of bodily effect of good news; find a burnt-offering fat = acceptable; elsewhere denom.;—take away, clear away the fat ashes (acc. of altar cleared)
. pass. of causat. Pi. be made fat, of dust saturated
. of Yahweh’s sword:—it hath fattened itself
1878 dashen daw-shane'
a primitive root; to be fat; transitively, to fatten (or
regard as fat); specifically to anoint; figuratively, to
satisfy; denominatively (from 1880) to remove (fat) ashes (of
sacrifices):--accept, anoint, take away the (receive) ashes
(from), make (wax) fat.
see HEBREW for 01880
דָּשֵׁן (da.shen) — to prosper.
1) to be fat, grow fat, become fat, become prosperous, anoint
1a) (Qal) of prosperity (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make fat, anoint
1b2) to find fat (of offering-acceptable)
1b3) to take away ashes (from altar)
1c) (Pual) to be made fat
1d) (Hothpael) to fatten oneself (of Jehovah's sword)
V-Pual-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Pual · imperfect third person masculine singularHVPi3ms
