Psalms 92:10 — Word Study
WLCוַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃
BSAforkîy beholdhinnêh enemyʼôyêb The LordYᵉhôvâh forkîy beholdhinnêh enemyʼôyêb to perishʼâbad to separatepârad allkôl to workpâʻal evilʼâven
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתָּ֣רֶם | and you have raised up | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect second person masculine singular |
| כִּרְאֵ֣ים | like a wild ox | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| קַרְנִ֑י | horn my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י | I have been anointed | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common singular |
| בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן | with oil | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| רַעֲנָֽן׃ | fresh |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed. |
| KJV | But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil. |
| ASV | But my horn hast thou exalted like the horn of the wild-ox: I am anointed with fresh oil. |
| YLT | And Thou exaltest as a reem my horn, I have been anointed with fresh oil. |
| WEB | But you have exalted my horn like that of the wild ox. I am anointed with fresh oil. |
| BBE | But my horn is lifted up like the horn of the ox: the best oil is flowing on my head. |
The translations are consistent in their rendering of the key phrases in this verse.
The main clause is followed by a simile and additional phrases that elaborate on the action of anointing.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהִנֵּה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 92:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Psalm of Praisegenerated
Psalm 92:10 expresses the psalmist's acknowledgment of God's power in exalting him, likening his strength to that of a wild ox. This imagery conveys both might and divine favor, suggesting that the psalmist feels empowered and blessed. The surrounding verses emphasize the contrast between the fate of the wicked and the flourishing of the righteous, underscoring a theme of divine justice and protection.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 89:17–24 | For You are the glory of their strength, and by Your favor our horn is exalted. |
| 2 | Psalm 112:9 | He has scattered abroad his gifts to the poor; his righteousness endures forever; his horn will be lifted high in honor. |
| 3 | Psalm 132:17 | There I will make a horn grow for David; I have prepared a lamp for My anointed one. |
| 4 | Psalm 148:14 | He has raised up a horn for His people, the praise of all His saints, of Israel, a people near to Him. Hallelujah! |
| 5 | 1 Samuel 2:1–10 | At that time Hannah prayed: “My heart rejoices in the LORD in whom my horn is exalted. My mouth speaks boldly against my enemies, for I rejoice in Your salvation. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — קַרְנִ֑י, kar.Nigenerated
The noun קַרְן (*qeren*) means horn, which in biblical terms often symbolizes strength and power. The construct form here, kar.Ni, indicates possession — my horn. This usage reflects a personal empowerment bestowed by God, suggesting that the psalmist's strength is divinely granted.
In the context of this verse, the horn represents not just physical strength but also spiritual authority and victory over adversaries. The imagery of a wild ox enhances this meaning, as it evokes a sense of untamed power and resilience.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse, with the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all conveying the idea of God exalting the psalmist's horn and anointing him with oil.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַתָּ֣רֶם, you have exalted, governs the main clause, which states what God has done for the psalmist. This is followed by a simile comparing the psalmist's horn to that of a wild ox, emphasizing strength.
The structure of the verse highlights the action of exalting first, followed by the description of the exaltation and the anointing, which together illustrate the blessings received by the psalmist.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates קַרְנִ֑י with the Greek word κέρας (*keras*), which also means horn. This choice maintains the connection to strength and power, consistent with the Hebrew meaning.
The use of ἰδοὺ (*idou*) for the phrase בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י suggests a focus on the act of being anointed, emphasizing the significance of this divine action.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 92:10 speaks of God raising the psalmist's strength, comparing it to that of a wild ox. The psalmist expresses joy at being anointed with fine oil, symbolizing divine favor and empowerment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Having one's horn exalted signifies receiving strength and power from God, indicating a position of honor and victory over adversaries.
The wild ox symbolizes strength and resilience, highlighting the psalmist's empowered state as a result of God's favor.
Anointing with oil represents divine blessing and empowerment, often associated with joy and the setting apart for a special purpose.
This verse contrasts the psalmist's exaltation with the fate of the wicked, reinforcing the theme of divine justice and the flourishing of the righteous.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's elevation in my own life?
- How can I recognize and celebrate the blessings of God in my life, similar to the psalmist's anointing?
- What does it mean for me to have strength like that of a wild ox in facing challenges?
- How can I share the joy of God's blessings with others in my community?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, using it to illustrate themes of divine strength and anointing.
Remember the calf in Exodus, which they fashioned through idolatry, which Moses beat to powder and gave to the people to drink.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
..."But mine horn shall be exalted like the horn of an unicorn" [Psalms 92:10].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 92:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBut my horn shall thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn,.... Which is said to be very high and strong, see Deuteronomy 33:17 this may be understood of the establishment of David's kingdom, of his
Read John Gill on Psalms 92 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBut my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 92 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBut as for me and other righteous persons, we shall be advanced to the height of honour, and true and lasting felicity. Unicorn; of which See Poole "". I shall be anointed; I shall have great cause of rejoicing and testifying my joy by anointing myself, as the manner was in feasts and all joyful solemnities. Fresh oil; sweet and uncorrupted.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 92 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 92:10 But my horn shalt thou exalt like [the horn of] an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.Ver. 10. Like the horn of an unicorn] Which is very fair, hard, and well lifted up. See Numbers 23:26. I am in good plight. I shall be anointed] It is well for the present, and it will be better hereafter.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 92 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Unicorn.—Better, buffalo. (See Numbers 23:22; Psalms 22:21.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 92 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. Like the horn of a unicorn.] ראים reeym, perhaps here, the oryx or buffalo. But the rhinoceros seems to be the real monoceros of the Scriptures. I shall be anointed with fresh oil.] Perhaps the allusion is here not to any sacramental anointing, but to such anointings as were frequent among the Asiatics, especially after bathing, for the purpose of health and activity.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 92 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. But my horn hast thou exalted like (the horn of) a wild ox: I am anointed with fresh oil. The poet speaks on behalf of Israel restored and glorified. The metaphor is derived from animals tossing their heads in the consciousness of vigour. God has restored to Israel a buoyant sense of life and power to repel its enemies. Cp. Psalms 89:17; Psalms 89:24. ‘Unicorn’ comes from the LXX through the Vulg.; but the now extinct wild ox (Bos primigenius) is doubtless the animal meant. Its strength and untameableness are described in Job 39:9 ff. Cp. Numbers 23:22; Deuteronomy 33:17. See Tristram’s Nat. Hist. of the Bible, pp. 146 ff. The metaphor in the second line is taken from the use of oil on…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 92 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBut my horn shalt thou exalt - The horn is a symbol of strength or power (see the notes at Psalms 18:2); and the meaning here is, that, while the wicked would be cut off, he would be prospered; that
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 92 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed.
But you have exalted my horn like that of the wild ox. I am anointed with fresh oil.
But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed.
You exalt my horn like that of a wild ox. I am covered with fresh oil.
Tyndale line
But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
But my horn hast thou exalted like the horn of the wild-ox: I am anointed with fresh oil.
But my horn hast thou exalted like the horn of the wild-ox: I am anointed with fresh oil.
But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
But thou shalt exalt mine horne, like the vnicornes, and I shalbe anoynted with fresh oyle.
Strictly literal
But my horn shalt thou exalt like a buffalo's: I shall be anointed with fresh oil.
And Thou exaltest as a reem my horn, I have been anointed with fresh oil.
And You exalt my horn as a wild ox, || I have been anointed with fresh oil.
(92:11) But thou exaltest my horn like that of a reem: I am anointed with fresh oil.
You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox; I am anointed with fresh oil.
Simplified
But you have made me as powerful as a wild bull; you have anointed me with the best olive oil.
But my horn is lifted up like the horn of the ox: the best oil is flowing on my head.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 92:10 reads, "וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃" which translates to, "But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed." The Septuagint has a word-by-word correspondence that matches 4 of the 6 words from the Masoretic Text, indicating a general agreement in meaning, though the specific wording and structure differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variations for this verse, thus supporting the reading found in the Masoretic Text without significant differences.
וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 92:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רוּם (ruwm) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be high or exalted, covering a range of actions such as rising, lifting, and promoting. It can refer to physical elevation, like raising an ark or setting up a throne, as well as figurative exaltation, particularly in relation to God. The word also has a related form, רָמַם (ramam), which means to be wormy.
רוּם vb. be high, exalted, rise
Qal
be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
esp. of י׳
be raised, uplifted
be lifted, rise, of ark
Pō‛lēl
raise, rear, children
cause tree to grow
lift up
exalt, extol, acc. י׳
Pō‛lal be lift up
Hiph.
raise, rear, c. acc., hand
raise poor
lift up voice
(take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
set up, erect, stone
set on high, throne
lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
lift up and take away, remove
lift off and present, contribute, offer
Hoph. be taken off from; be abolished
Hithpō‛l. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
base
[רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;—Ex 16:20
ref
H7311a רוּם be high, exalted, rise .. . be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
. esp. of י׳
. be raised, uplifted
. be lifted, rise, of ark
.. . raise, rear, children
. cause tree to grow
. lift up
. exalt, extol, acc. י׳
.be lift up
. . . . raise, rear, c. acc., hand
. raise poor
. lift up voice
. (take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
. set up, erect, stone
. set on high, throne
. lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
. lift up and take away, remove
. lift off and present, contribute, offer
. be taken off from; be abolished
. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
H7311b רָמַם vb. denom. be wormy
7311 ruwm room
a primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise (in
various applications, literally or figuratively):--bring up,
exalt (self), extol, give, go up, haughty, heave (up), (be,
lift up on, make on, set up on, too) high(-er, one), hold up,
levy, lift(-er) up, (be) lofty, (X a-)loud, mount up, offer
(up), + presumptuously, (be) promote(-ion), proud, set up,
tall(-er), take (away, off, up), breed worms.
רוּם (rum) — to exalt.
1) to rise, rise up, be high, be lofty, be exalted
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be high, be set on high
1a2) to be raised, be uplifted, be exalted
1a3) to be lifted, rise
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to raise or rear (children), cause to grow up
1b2) to lift up, raise, exalt
1b3) to exalt, extol
1c) (Polal) to be lifted up
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to raise, lift, lift up, take up, set up, erect, exalt, set on high
1d2) to lift up (and take away), remove
1d3) to lift off and present, contribute, offer, contribute
1e) (Hophal) to be taken off, be abolished
1f) (Hithpolel) to exalt oneself, magnify oneself
Aramaic equivalent: rum (רוּם "to rise" H7313)
רָמַם (ra.mam) — be rotten.
(Qal) to be rotten, be wormy
Hc/Vhw2ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect second person masculine singularHc/Vhw2ms
רְאֵם (r'em) refers to a wild ox, possibly the extinct aurochs. The term is derived from the root meaning 'to see' or 'to be conspicuous,' indicating its notable appearance. While the exact identity of the animal is uncertain, it is mentioned in various contexts, including biblical texts.
רְאֵם n.m. wild ox
base
H7214 רְאֵם wild ox
7214 r'em reh-ame'
or rieym {reh-ame'}; or reym {rame}; or rem {rame}; from
7213; a wild bull (from its conspicuousness):--unicorn.
see HEBREW for 07213
רְאֵם (re.em) — wild ox.
probably the great aurochs or wild bulls which are now extinct. The exact meaning is not known.
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
Ox
Heb. bakar, “cattle;” “neat cattle”, (Gen. 12:16; 34:28; Job 1:3, 14; 42:12, etc.); not to be muzzled when treading the corn (Deut. 25:4). Referred to by our Lord in his reproof to the Pharisees (Luke 13:15; 14:5).
There was no animal in the rural economy of the Israelites, or indeed in that of the ancient Orientals generally, that was held in higher esteem than the ox and deservedly so, for the ox was the animal upon whose patient labors depended all the ordinary operations of farming. Oxen were used for ploughing, (22:10; 1 Samuel 14:14) etc.; for treading out corn, (25:4; Hosea 10:11) etc.; for draught purposes, when they were generally yoked in pairs, (Numbers 7:3; 1 Samuel 6:7) etc.; as beasts of burden, (1 Chronicles 12:40) their flesh was eaten, (14:4; 1 Kings 1:9) etc.…
The male of the beeve kind when grown, synonymous in the Bible with BULL; a clean animal, by the Levitical law; much used for food, 1Ki 19:21, and constituting no small part of the wealth of the Hebrews in their pastoral life, Ge 24:35 Job 1:14 42:12. Oxen were used in agriculture for ploughing, 1Ki 19:19; and for treading out the grain, during which they were not to be muzzled, 1Co 9:9, but well fed, Isa 30:24. The testing of a new yoke of oxen is still a business of great importance in the East, as of old, Lu…
→ See BULLOCK
→ See CATTLE
The Hebrew word קֶ֫רֶן (*qeren*) primarily means 'horn,' which can refer to a ram's horn, a musical instrument, or horn-like projections on an altar. It also has figurative meanings related to strength and can denote a flask or rays of light. The term קַרְנַ֫יִם (*qarnaim*) refers to a location conquered by Israel, likely in Bashan.
קֶ֫רֶן 75 n.f. horn
of ram
used as oil-flask
as wind instr.
(from curved shape of tusks)
fig. of pers., symbol of strength
of altar, horn-like projections at corners
hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
base
קַרְנַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
base
H7161a קֶ֫רֶן horn . . of ram
. used as oil-flask
. as wind instr.
. (from curved shape of tusks)
. fig. of pers., symbol of strength
. of altar, horn-like projections at corners
. hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
. rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
H7161b קַרְנַ֫יִם conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
7161 qeren keh'-ren
from 7160; a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask,
cornet; by resembl. an elephant's tooth (i.e. ivory), a corner
(of the altar), a peak (of a mountain), a ray (of light);
figuratively, power:--X hill, horn.
see HEBREW for 07160
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) horn
1b) of strength (fig)
1c) flask (container for oil)
1d) horn (as musical instrument)
1e) horn (of horn-like projections on the altar)
1f) of rays of light
1g) hill
Aramaic equivalent: qe.ren (קֶ֫רֶן "horn" H7162)
קַרְנַ֫יִם (qar.na.im) — Karnaim.
(BDB) Karnaim, a place conquered by Israel probably in Bashan
Another name of ash.te.rot qar.na.yim (עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם "Ashteroth-karnaim" H6255)
HNcfsc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
בָּלַל (balal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to mix, mingle, or confuse. It can also refer to feeding animals, derived from a primitive root that implies overflowing, particularly with oil. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Hithpoel, and Hiphil, covering actions like mingling among people or fading away. Notably, it is linked to the concept of providing fodder.
בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound
Qal
mingle, confuse
mix
Hithpo. Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself
Hiph. and we faded away
base
בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender Ju 19:21
ref
H1101a בָּלַל mingle, mix, confuse, confound . mingle, confuse
. mix
H1101b בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender
1101 balal baw-lal'
a primitive root; to overflow (specifically with oil.); by
implication, to mix; also (denominatively from 1098) to
fodder:--anoint, confound, X fade, mingle, mix (self), give
provender, temper.
see HEBREW for 01098
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to mix.
1) to mix, mingle, confuse, confound
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to mingle, confuse
1a2) to mix
1b) (Hithpoel) to mix oneself (among others)
1c) (Hiphil) to fade away
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to feed.
to give provender, feed (animals)
HVqp1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singularHVqp1cs
שֶׁ֫מֶן (shemen) refers to fat or oil, particularly olive oil, and includes meanings related to richness and anointing. It is derived from the root word for grease and can also metaphorically describe fertile land. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts like medicinal applications and anointing.
שֶׁ֫מֶן 192 n.m. fat, oil
base
H8081 שֶׁ֫מֶן fat, oil
8081 shemen sheh'-men
from 8080; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive,
often perfumed); figuratively, richness:--anointing, X fat
(things), X fruitful, oil((-ed)), ointment, olive, + pine.
see HEBREW for 08080
שֶׁ֫מֶן (she.men) — oil.
1) fat, oil
1a) fat, fatness
1b) oil, olive oil
1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent
1b2) for anointing
1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
oil (shemen; elaion):
1. Terms
2. Production and Storage
3. Uses
(1) As a Commodity of Exchange
(2) As a Cosmetic
(3) As a Medicine
(4) As a Food
(5) As an Illuminant
(6) In Religious Rites
(a) Consecration
(b) Offerings
(c) Burials
4. Figurative Uses
Shemen, literally, "fat," corresponds to the common Arabic senin of similar meaning, although now applied to boiled butter fat.
1. Terms:
Another Hebrew word, zayith (zeth), "olive," occurs with shemen in several passages (Ex 27:20; 30:24; Le 24:2). The corresponding Arabic zeit, a contraction of zeitun, which is the name for the olive tree as well as the fruit, is now applied to oils in general, to distinguish them from solid fats. Zeit usually means olive oil, unless some qualifying name indicates another oil. A corresponding use was made of…
Oil
Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the offerings (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 7:12; Num. 6:15; 15:4), but was excluded from the sin-offering (Lev. 5:11) and the jealousy-offering (Num. 5:15); for burning in lamps (
Of the numerous substances, animal and vegetable, which were known to the ancients as yielding oil, the olive berry is the one of which most frequent mention is made in the Scriptures. Gathering , --The olive berry was either gathered by hand or shaken off carefully with a light reed or stick. Pressing . --In order to make oil the fruit, was either bruised in a mortar crushed in a press loaded with wood or stones, ground in a mill, or trodden with the feet. The "beaten" oil of (Exodus 27:20; 29:40; Leviticus 24:2; Numbers 28:6) was probably made by bruising in a mortar, It was used-- (1) As food. Dried wheat, boiled with either butter or oil, but generally the former, is a common dish for all classes in Syria. (
Was employed from the earliest periods in the east, not only for the purpose of consecration, but to anoint the head, the beard, and the whole person in daily life, Ge 28:18. See ANOINTING. It was also universally used for food, Eze 16:13. Fresh and sweet olive oil was greatly preferred to butter and animal fat as a seasoning for food, and to this day in Syria almost every kind of food is cooked with oil. It had a place also among the meat-offerings in the temple, being usually mixed with the meal of the oblation, Le 5:11 6:21. For lamps, also, pure olive oil was regarded as the best, and was used in illuminating the tabernacle. These many uses for oil made the culture of the olive-tree an extensive and lucrative business,
The Hebrew word רָעַן (*ra`an*) is a verb meaning to be or grow luxuriant, fresh, or green, while רַעֲנָן (*ra`anan*) is an adjective describing something as luxuriant or fresh. It is derived from an unused root meaning to be green and can also imply prosperity. The verb appears in Job 15:32.
[רָעַן] vb. only Pa‛lel be or grow luxuriant, fresh, green;—Jb 15:32
ref
רַעֲנָן adj. luxuriant, fresh
base
H7488a רָעַן only Pa‛lal be or grow luxuriant, fresh, green H7488b רַעֲנָן luxuriant, fresh
7488 ra`anan rah-an-awn'
from an unused root meaning to be green; verdant; by analogy,
new; figuratively, prosperous:--green, flourishing.
רָעַן (ra.an) — be fresh.
v
(Palel) to be or grow luxuriant or fresh or green
רַעֲנָן (ra.a.nan) — luxuriant.
adj
luxuriant, fresh
Aramaic equivalent: ra.a.nan (רַעֲנַן "luxuriant" H7487)
HAamsa — HAamsa
Adj.:
The translation of hadhash, "new," "fresh" (Job 29:20, "My glory is fresh in me"); of leshadh, "sap," "moisture" (Nu 11:8, of the manna, "as the taste of fresh oil," the Revised Version, margin "cakes baked with oil"); of ra`anan, "to be fresh and green" (Ps 92:10, "fresh oil"); of glukus, "sweet" (Jas 3:12, "salt water and fresh," the Revised Version (British and American) "sweet"). Fresher is the translation of rutaphash, "to become fresh" (Job 33:25; "His flesh shall be fresher than a child's").
