Isaiah 29:3 — Word Study
WLCוְחָנִ֥יתִי כַדּ֖וּר עָלָ֑יִךְ וְצַרְתִּ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ מֻצָּ֔ב וַהֲקִֽימֹתִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ מְצֻרֹֽת׃
BSAI will campchânâh [encamp, lay siege] in a circledûwr [round about, as a circle] around youʻal I will besiegetsûwr [confine, surround] youʻal with towersmutstsâb△ [posted troops, a mount] and set upqûwm [raise, establish] siege worksmᵉtsûwrâh [entrenchments, ramparts] against youʻal [upon, above you]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְחָנִ֥יתִי | and I will encamp | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| כַדּ֖וּר | like circle | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עָלָ֑יִךְ | on you | Preposition, suffix |
| וְצַרְתִּ֤י | and I will lay siege | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ | on you | Preposition, suffix |
| מֻצָּ֔ב | siege-works | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַהֲקִֽימֹתִ֥י | and I will raise | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| עָלַ֖יִךְ | on you | Preposition, suffix |
| מְצֻרֹֽת׃ | fortifications | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I will camp in a circle around you; I will besiege you with towers and set up siege works against you. |
| KJV | And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee. |
| ASV | And I will encamp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with posted troops, and I will raise siege works against thee. |
| YLT | And I encamped, O babbler, against thee, And I laid siege against thee — a camp. And I raised up against thee bulwarks. |
| WEB | I will encamp against you all around you, and will lay siege against you with posted troops. I will raise siege works against you. |
| BBE | And I will make war on you like David, and you will be shut in by earthworks, and I will make towers round you. |
Where they part company is מְצוּרָה — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features a main verb followed by several phrases that elaborate on the action, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of God's siege.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָנָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 29:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Siege of Arielgenerated
Isaiah 29:3 describes God's intention to encamp around Ariel, symbolizing a siege. This imagery illustrates God's authority and the seriousness of the impending judgment. The surrounding context in verses 2-5 highlights the consequences of the siege, where mourning and lamentation will result, and the people will be brought low. This passage serves as a warning and a call to repentance for the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Kings 18:17 | Nevertheless, the king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rabsaris, and the Rabshakeh, along with a great army, from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. They advanced up to Jerusalem and stationed themselves by the aqueduct of the upper pool, on the road to the Launderer’s Field. |
| 2 | 2 Kings 19:32 | So this is what the LORD says about the king of Assyria: ‘He will not enter this city or shoot an arrow into it. He will not come before it with a shield or build up a siege ramp against it. |
| 3 | 2 Kings 24:11–12 | And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to the city while his servants were besieging it. |
| 4 | 2 Kings 25:1–4 | So in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his entire army. They encamped outside the city and built a siege wall all around it. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 21:22 | In his right hand appears the portent for Jerusalem, where he is to set up battering rams, to call for the slaughter, to lift a battle cry, to direct the battering rams against the gates, to build a ramp, and to erect a siege wall. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָנָה, ve.cha.Ni.tigenerated
The verb חָנָה (chanah) means to encamp or lay siege. It conveys the action of setting up a temporary dwelling, often in a military context. The parsing indicates it is a sequential perfect first person common singular verb, showing that God Himself will take this action.
This word is not just about camping; it carries the weight of military action, as in laying siege to a city. The choice of this verb emphasizes God's direct involvement in the siege, illustrating His power over the situation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb חָנִ֥יתִי (I will encamp) governs the entire verse, with several phrases detailing the actions taken. The structure indicates a series of actions that God will perform in relation to the city.
The sentence is built around the actions of encamping, besieging, and raising fortifications, which are all coordinated to express a singular, powerful intent.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חָנָה as κυκλώσω (I will encircle), which suggests a more defensive posture than the Hebrew. This choice emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's siege.
The Greek word μύθοι used for מְצוּרָה indicates a stronghold, aligning with the Hebrew meaning but focusing on the concept of a fortified position.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 29:3 tells us that God will encamp around Ariel, besieging it with towers and fortifications. This verse illustrates God's direct action against the city, emphasizing His authority and the seriousness of the coming judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This indicates that God will surround the city with His power, preparing for a siege as a form of judgment.
The imagery signifies God's authority and the serious consequences of the city's actions, representing a divine response to sin.
The fortifications symbolize the strength of God's judgment and the protection He offers to those who are faithful, while also highlighting the futility of opposing Him.
The surrounding verses emphasize mourning and lamentation, indicating the severe consequences of the siege and the need for repentance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God's protective presence in my life, even when I face challenges?
- How can I respond to God's call for repentance in my own life?
- What does it mean to me that God is actively involved in the events of my life?
- How can I trust in God's authority when I feel surrounded by difficulties?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 29:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will camp against thee round about,.... Or as a "ball" or "globe" (o); a camp all around; the Lord is said to do that which the enemy should do, because it was by his will, and according to his
Read John Gill on Isaiah 29 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee. I - Yahweh, acting through the Assyrian, etc., my instruments (Isaiah 10:5).
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 29 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBy those enemies whom I will assist and enable to destroy thee. This was fulfilled either, 1. By Sennacherib, as some learned men think. But what is here affirmed of these enemies is expressly denied concerning Sennacherib, . Or rather, 2. By the Chaldeans, , &c.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 29 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 29:3 And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee.Ver. 3. And I will camp against thee round about.] I will bring the woe of war upon thee - a woe that no words, how wide soever, can possibly express. See this accomplished. And will lay siege.] As the captain general of the Chaldees.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 29 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) I will encamp against thee . . .—The words describe the strategy of an Eastern siege, as we see it in the Assyrian sculptures—the mound raised against the walls of the city, the battering-ram placed upon the mound, and brought to bear upon the walls. (See Jeremiah 33:4; Ezekiel 4:2.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 29 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. And I will camp against thee round about - "And I will encamp against thee like David"] For כדור caddur, some kind of military engine, כדוד kedavid, like David, is the reading of the Septuagint, two MSS. of Kennicott's, if not two more: but though Bishop Lowth adopts this reading, I think it harsh and unnecessary. Forts - "Towers"] For מצרת metsuroth, read מצדות metsudoth: so the Septuagint and five MSS. of Dr. Kennicott's, one of them ancient, and four of De Rossi's.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 29 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. I will camp against thee round about] see Isaiah 29:1. LXX. carries the parallel still further by reading “I will encamp … like David,” a reading which would be plausible if “against which” could be fairly supplied in Isaiah 29:1. “Round about” is the same word as “like a ball” in Isaiah 22:18. with a mount] R.V. with a fort; perhaps lines of circumvallation. For forts, read siege-works, as R.V. Comp. Ezekiel 4:1-3. 4 explains the “moaning and bemoaning” of Isaiah 29:2. The verse reads: And thou shalt be laid low, speaking from (beneath) the earth, and thy speech shall come humbly from the dust; and thy voice shall be like (that of) a ghost (coming) from the earth, and thy speech shall…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 29 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd I will camp against thee - That is, I will cause an army to pitch their tents there for a siege.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 29 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I will camp in a circle around you; I will besiege you with towers and set up siege works against you.
I will encamp against you all around you, and will lay siege against you with posted troops. I will raise siege works against you.
I will camp in a circle around you; I will besiege you with towers and set up siege works against you.
I will lay siege to you on all sides; I will besiege you with troops; I will raise siege works against you.
Tyndale line
And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee.
And I will encamp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with posted troops, and I will raise siege works against thee.
And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a fort, and I will raise siege works against thee.
And I will encamp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee.
And I wil besiege thee as a circle, and fight against thee on a mount, and will cast vp ramparts against thee.
Strictly literal
And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with watch-posts, and I will raise forts against thee.
And I encamped, O babbler, against thee, And I laid siege against thee — a camp. And I raised up against thee bulwarks.
And I encamped, O babbler, against you, || And I laid siege against you—a camp. And I raised up bulwarks against you.
And I will encamp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with hostile posts, and I will raise up entrenchments against thee.
I will encamp against you in a circle and will lay siege against you with a palisade, and I will raise siege works against you.
From the Latin
And I will make a circle round about thee, and will cast up a rampart against thee, and raise up bulwarks to besiege thee.
Simplified
I will surround you, I will besiege you with towers and build ramps to attack you.
And I will make war on you like David, and you will be shut in by earthworks, and I will make towers round you.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, with all witnesses agreeing on the core elements of the verse. The scrolls provide minor variations, but the essential message remains consistent across these texts.
וְחָנִ֥יתִי כַדּ֖וּר עָלָ֑יִךְ וְצַרְתִּ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ מֻצָּ֔ב וַהֲקִֽימֹתִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ מְצֻרֹֽת׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וחניתי כדור עלי׳ך וצרתי עלי׳ך מצב והקימותי עלי׳ך מצודות
9 words on the leather.
[וחניתי] [כדור] [עלי׳ך] [וצרתי] [עלי׳ך] מצבה והקימותי [עלי׳ך] [מצרת]
nothing on the leather here — 2 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
וחניתי כדוד [עלי׳ך] [וצרתי] [עלי׳ך] [מצב] [והקימתי] עלי׳ך מצוות
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 29:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָנָה (chanah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to decline, bend down, or encamp. It conveys the idea of inclining or settling, particularly in the context of pitching a tent or establishing a temporary dwelling. The word appears in various forms, including the act of encamping or laying siege. It is associated with the imagery of the evening's slanting rays and the conclusion of a day's journey.
חָנָה 143 vb. decline, bend down, encamp
Qal
decline, of day drawing to its close
encamp (prop. verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march)
base
H2583 חָנָה decline, bend down, encamp
2583 chanah khaw-naw'
a primitive root (compare 2603); properly, to incline; by
implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening);
specifically, to pitch a tent; gen. to encamp (for abode or
siege):--abide (in tents), camp, dwell, encamp, grow to an
end, lie, pitch (tent), rest in tent.
see HEBREW for 02603
חָנָה (cha.nah) — to camp.
1) to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to decline
1a2) to encamp
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vqq1cs
Encamp
An encampment was the resting-place for a longer or shorter period of an army or company of travellers (Ex. 13:20; 14:19; Josh. 10:5; 11:5).
The manner in which the Israelites encamped during their march through the wilderness is described in Num. 2 and 3. The order of the encampment (see CAMP) was preserved in the march (Num. 2:17), the signal for which was the blast of two silver trumpets. Detailed regulations affecting the camp for sanitary purposes are given (Lev. 4:11, 12; 6:11; 8:17; 10:4, 5; 13:46; 14:3; Num. 12:14, 15; 31:19; Deut. 23:10, 12).
דּוּר (dur) refers to a circle or ball, with related meanings including a cordon. The term is derived from a root meaning to turn or go around. The lexicons note its use in contexts involving circular shapes, but only Brown-Driver-Briggs specifies a verse, Isaiah 22:18, where it appears.
ref
H1754a דּוּר circle, ball H1754b כַּדּוּר ball, circle, cordon
1754 duwr dure
from 1752; a circle, ball or pile:--ball, turn, round about.
see HEBREW for 01752
דּוּר (dur) — circle.
1) circle, ball
1a) circle
1b) ball
כַּדּוּר (kad.dur) — ball.
1) ball
1a) circle
1b) cordon
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
sur'-k'-l: Is used with reference to the vault of the heavens (hugh) in Isa 40:22, and in a similar sense in The Wisdom of Solomon 13:2 (Revised Version margin), "circle of stars" (kuklos astron). It is also used in the sense of surrounding territory, as in the expression "circle of Jordan" (Ge 13:10 the Revised Version, margin).
See also CICCAR; ASTRONOMY, sec. III, 1.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
צוּר (tsur) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings including to confine, bind, or besiege, as well as to show hostility or to fashion. It can imply both literal and figurative applications, such as being an adversary or enclosing something. The entries indicate that it covers various contexts, from distressing to fortifying.
צוּר vb. confine, bind, besiege
base
[צוּר] vb. shew hostility to, treat as foe
base
[צוּר] vb. fashion, delineate
base
H6696a צוּר confine, bind, besiege H6696b צוּר shew hostility to, treat as foe H6696c צוּר fashion, delineate
6696 tsuwr tsoor
a primitive root; to cramp, i.e. confine (in many
applications, literally and figuratively, formative or
hostile):--adversary, assault, beset, besiege, bind (up),
cast, distress, fashion, fortify, inclose, lay siege, put up
in bags.
צוּר (tsur) — to confine.
1) to bind, besiege, confine, cramp
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to confine, secure
1a2) to shut in, beseige
1a3) to shut up, enclose
צוּר (tsur) — to provoke.
(Qal) to show hostility to, be an adversary, treat as foe
צוּר (tsur) — to form.
(Qal) to form, fashion, delineate
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vqq1cs
sej (matsor (De 28:52,53; 1Ki 15:27; 2Ki 25:2; Isa 29:3; Eze 4:2); "to be besieged," "to suffer siege," ba-matsor bo' (De 20:19; 2Ki 24:10; 25:2)):
1. In Early Hebrew History
2. In the Monarchy
3. Preliminaries to Siege
4. Siege Operations: Attack
(1) Investment of City
(2) Line of Circumvallation
(3) Mound, or Earthworks
(4) Battering-Rams
(5) Storming of Walls and Rushing of Breach
5. Siege Operations: Defense
6. Raising of Siege
7. Horrors of Siege and Capture
8. Siege in the New Testament
LITERATURE
→ An offer of peace must be made to the city before beginning a De 20:10-12
→ Conducted by erecting embankments parallel to the walls of the besieged city De 20:19,20; Isa 29:3; 37:33
→ Battering-rams used in
See BATTERING-RAMS
→ Distress of the inhabitants during a 2Ki 6:24-29; 25:3; Isa 9:20; 36:12; Jer 19:9
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
מֻצָּב (muts.tsav) refers to a military term meaning a palisade or intrenchment, indicating a fortified position or post. The word is derived from a root meaning 'station' and is used specifically in Isaiah 29:3.
מֻצָּב n.[m.] palisade or intrenchment;—only Is 29:3
ref
H4674 מֻצָּב palisade or intrenchment
4674 mutstsab moots-tsawb'
from 5324; a station, i.e. military post:--mount.
see HEBREW for 05324
מֻצָּב (muts.tsav) — entrenchment.
entrenchment, siege-work, palisade, post
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
→ GOOD
Jesus an example of Joh 10:32; Ac 10:38
Holy women should manifest 1Ti 2:10; 5:10
In the judgment, will be an evidence of faith Mt 25:34-40; with Jas 2:14-20
Servants should be patterns of Tit 2:7
The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand
Qal 460
arise
arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
arise, abs., = become powerful
arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
arise for, i.e. to become
arise for action
arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
stand
Pi.
fulfil
confirm, ratify
confirm, establish
impose, an obligation
Pō‛l. raise up
Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up
Hiph.
146cause to arise, raise
raise, set up, stones
erect, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = bring on the scene
raise up = rouse, stir up
instigate, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = constitute
cause to stand
Hoph. be raised up
base
H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise
. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
. arise, abs., = become powerful
. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
. arise for, i.e. to become
. . arise for action
. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
. stand
. . fulfil
. . confirm, ratify
. confirm, establish
. impose, an obligation
. raise up
. raise oneself, = rise up
. . cause to arise, raise
. . raise, set up, stones
. erect, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = bring on the scene
. . raise up = rouse, stir up
. instigate, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = constitute
. cause to stand
. be raised up
6965 quwm koom
a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,
figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X
be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X
enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift
up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise
(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse
up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,
strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -
rising).
קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.
Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)
§ -Kamai = "my adversary"
Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai
קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to arise
1a2) to arise (hostile sense)
1a3) to arise, become powerful
1a4) to arise, come on the scene
1a5) to stand
1a5a) to maintain oneself
1a5b) to be established, be confirmed
1a5c) to stand, endure
1a5d) to be fixed
1a5e) to be valid
1a5f) to be proven
1a5g) to be fulfilled
1a5h) to persist
1a5i) to be set, be fixed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to fulfil
1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose
1c) (Polel) to raise up
1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause to arise, raise
1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build
1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene
1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate
1e5) to raise up, constitute
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vhq1cs
raz: "To raise" in the Old Testament is most frequently the translation of the Hiphil form of qum, "to cause to arise," e.g. raising up seed (Ge 38:8), a prophet (De 18:18), judges (Jud 2:16,18), etc.; also of `ur, "to awake," "stir up" (Ezr 1:5 the King James Version; Isa 41:2, etc.), with other words. In the New Testament the chief words are egeiro, "to awaken," "arouse" (Mt 3:9; Lu 1:69; 3:8, etc.), frequently of raising the dead; and anistemi (Mt 22:24;
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
מְצוּרָה (metsurah) refers to siege-works or ramparts, indicating a fortified structure used for protection. It is derived from a root meaning to hem in, and can denote both the physical mounds associated with sieges and the abstract concept of fortification. The term encompasses meanings related to strongholds and fenced cities.
מְצוּרָה n.f. siege-works, rampart
base
H4694 מְצוּרָה siege-works, rampart
4694 mtsuwrah mets-oo-raw'
or mtsurah {mets-oo-raw'}; feminine of 4692; a hemming in,
i.e. (objectively) a mound (of siege), or (subjectively) a
rampart (of protection), (abstractly) fortification:--fenced
(city, fort, munition, strong hold.
see HEBREW for 04692
מְצוּרָה (me.tsu.rah) — fortress.
1) siege-works, stronghold, rampart
1a) siege-works
1b) rampart
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
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