Isaiah 11:7 — Word Study
WLCוּפָרָ֤ה וָדֹב֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה יַחְדָּ֖ו יִרְבְּצ֣וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן וְאַרְיֵ֖ה כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹֽאכַל־ תֶּֽבֶן׃
BSAThe cowpârâh [heifer, young female] will grazerâʻâh▸ with the beardôb [slow-moving animal] their youngyeled [youth, children] will lie downrâbats▸ [stretch, rest] togetheryachad [in unity, as one] ◂and the lionʼărîy will eatʼâkal▸ strawteben [stubble, fodder] like the oxbâqâr [cattle, domesticated animal]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּפָרָ֤ה | and cow | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וָדֹב֙ | and bear | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה | they will graze | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| יַחְדָּ֖ו | together | Adverb |
| יִרְבְּצ֣וּ | they will lie down | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן | young their | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְאַרְיֵ֖ה | and [the] lion | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| כַּבָּקָ֥ר | like the ox | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| יֹֽאכַל־ | it will eat | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| תֶּֽבֶן׃ | straw | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox. |
| KJV | And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. |
| ASV | And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. |
| YLT | And cow and bear do feed, Together lie down their young ones, And a lion as an ox eateth straw. |
| WEB | The cow and the bear will graze. Their young ones will lie down together. The lion will eat straw like the ox. |
| BBE | And the cow and the bear will be friends while their young ones are sleeping together. |
The translations agree on the depiction of the animals grazing together, particularly in the use of תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה.
The structure features a main clause followed by two phrases that expand on the actions of the subjects, creating a vivid picture of peaceful coexistence.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאַרְיֵה
verbרָעָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 11:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Peaceful Kingdomgenerated
Isaiah 11:7 presents a vision of harmony in the animal kingdom, where traditional enemies coexist peacefully. This passage is part of a broader prophetic message about the coming of a messianic age characterized by peace and unity, as seen in the surrounding verses, such as Isaiah 11:6 and Isaiah 11:8.
Cross References
The Key Word — תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה, tir.'Ei.nahgenerated
The verb תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה (tir'ei.nah) is a third person feminine plural form of the root רָעָה (ra'ah), meaning 'to graze' or 'to tend'. This verb conveys the action of animals grazing together, emphasizing a nurturing relationship.
This verb is significant as it reflects the ideal state of care and companionship among creatures, contrasting the natural order where such animals would typically be adversaries.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we refer to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the term graze.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה (they will graze) governs the sentence, with several phrases describing the subjects and their actions. The structure emphasizes the harmonious actions of the animals.
The sentence flows from the subjects — the cow and bear — to their actions, illustrating a peaceful coexistence through the use of a simple yet vivid structure.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה as βοσκηθήσονται (boskēthēsontai), which means 'they will be pastured'. This choice reflects a focus on the nurturing aspect of the animals' interaction, aligning with the overall theme of peace.
This translation choice highlights the ideal of care and companionship among the animals, emphasizing the harmony envisioned in this prophetic passage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 11:7 describes a time when animals that are usually enemies will live together peacefully. A cow will graze with a bear, their young will lie down together, and a lion will eat straw like an ox. This imagery represents a future of harmony and peace in creation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This imagery symbolizes a future time of peace and harmony in creation, where traditional enemies coexist without conflict.
The lion eating straw like an ox signifies a reversal of natural predatory behavior, emphasizing the peace that will characterize the messianic age.
This verse fits into Isaiah's broader prophetic vision of a peaceful kingdom where God's reign brings harmony to all of creation.
This passage teaches about the hope for peace and reconciliation in the world, reflecting God's ultimate plan for creation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can we promote peace and harmony in our own lives and communities?
- How does the imagery of animals living together peacefully challenge our understanding of natural instincts?
- What does this passage reveal about God's vision for creation?
- How can we embody the spirit of unity and reconciliation in our relationships with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers referenced this verse to illustrate the peace and harmony expected in the kingdom of God, using it to discuss the transformative power of God's reign.
Such is the grace of the waters, that their calves and lions flee from them, so that this prophetic saying about the sanctity of the Church rightly applies to them: Then wolves and lambs will graze together,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
Where and when, therefore, will this blessing be accomplished except in the kingdom of God, where grain, wine and oil are in abundance? The earth will yield its fruit generously and every evil will be destroyed,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
If we carefully examine the words of the Prophets, we discover that these and they were put forth by the same Spirit. For when Isaiah observed the life of sinners devoured by the ancient and insatiable enemy, he said,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 11:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the cow and the bear shall feed,.... That is, together, in one church state, at one table, or in one pasture, upon the wholesome food of the Gospel, the salutary doctrines of Christ; who though
Read John Gill on Isaiah 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the cow and the bear shall feed - together taken from the second clause.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleShall feed together, as it follows, without any danger or fear. The lion shall eat straw, the grass and fruits of the earth, as they did at first, ,30, and shall not devour other living creatures, as now they do.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.Ver. 7. And the cow and the bear shall feed.] An allegorical description of greatest confidence and innocence, saith Junius. Bears are angry and vindictive creatures; so are the best by nature, till tamed and domesticated by God’ s distinguishing grace. As for those semiperfectae vertutis homines, as an ancient calls them, temporaries and hypocrites, who do only the outward works of duty, without the inward principle, it may be said of them, as the civil law doth of those mixed beasts, elephants, camels, &c., Operam praestant, natura fera est, they do the work…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 11 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. In this verse a word is omitted in the text, יחדו yachdav, together; which ought to be repeated in the second hemistich, being quite necessary to the sense. It is accordingly twice expressed by the Septuagint and Syriac.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. Cf. Isaiah 65:25. shall feed] Better, shall graze, unless we are to supply “alike” as in Isaiah 65:25. Some critics prefer to read “shall associate together,” with a small alteration of the text.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 11 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the cow and the bear shall feed - That is, together. Animals that by nature do not dwell together, where by nature the one would be the prey of the other, shall dwell together - animage of safety and peace.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 11 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible7. Shall feed — Or, graze. Eat straw — “No hay is made in Palestine.” — VAN LENNEP’S Bible Lands, p. 83. The fodder for cattle, horses, and camels in that country is straw broken and mashed at the threshing floors.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
The cow and the bear will graze. Their young ones will lie down together. The lion will eat straw like the ox.
The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
A cow and a bear will graze together, their young will lie down together. A lion, like an ox, will eat straw.
Tyndale line
And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
And the kow and the beare shall feede: their yong ones shall lie together: and the lyon shall eate strawe like the bullocke.
Strictly literal
And the cow and the she-bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
And cow and bear do feed, Together lie down their young ones, And a lion as an ox eateth straw.
And cow and bear feed, || Together their young ones lie down, || And a lion eats straw as an ox.
And the cow and the she-bear shall feed, together shall their young ones lie down: and the lion shall like the ox eat straw.
The cow and the bear will graze together, and their young will lie down together. The lion will eat straw like the ox.
From the Latin
The calf and the bear shall feed: their young ones shall rest together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
Simplified
Cows and bears will graze side by side; young lions will eat straw like cattle.
And the cow and the bear will be friends while their young ones are sleeping together.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with 8 of the 10 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also support this text, with minor variations that do not affect the overall meaning.
וּפָרָ֤ה וָדֹב֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה יַחְדָּ֖ו יִרְבְּצ֣וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן וְאַרְיֵ֖ה כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹֽאכַל־ תֶּֽבֶן׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ופרה ודב תרעינה יחדו ורבצו ילדי׳הן ואריה כבקר יאכל תבן
10 words on the leather.
[ופרה] ודוב תרעינה יחדיו ירבצו ילדי׳הן וארי כבקר יואכל תבן
8 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
כבקר יאכל [תבן]
3 words of the verse are on this fragment — 2 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 11:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּרָה (parah) refers to a heifer or cow, specifically a female bovine. The entries consistently define it as a heifer or cow, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פָּרָה 26 n.f. heifer, cow
base
H6510 פָּרָה heifer, cow
6510 parah paw-raw'
feminine of 6499; a heifer:--cow, heifer, kine.
see HEBREW for 06499
פָּרָה (pa.rah) — heifer.
cow, heifer
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
Cow
A cow and her calf were not to be killed on the same day (Lev. 22:28; Ex. 23:19; Deut. 22:6, 7). The reason for this enactment is not given. A state of great poverty is described in the words of Isa. 7:21-25, where, instead of possessing great resources, a man shall depend for the subsistence of himself and his family on what a single cow and two sheep could yield.
[BULL, BULLOCK]
→ Used for pulling 1Sa 6:7-12; Ho 10:11
דֹּב (dob) means 'bear' and is derived from a root suggesting a soft or gliding motion. The entries consistently define it as a bear, with a mention of its Aramaic equivalent. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
דֹּב n.m., f. bear (from soft or gliding motion)
base
H1677 דֹּב bear (from soft or gliding motion)
1677 dob dobe
or (fully) dowb {dobe}; from 1680; the bear (as slow):--
bear.
see HEBREW for 01680
דֹּב (dov) — bear.
bear
Aramaic equivalent: dov (דֹּב "bear" H1678)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
bar (dobh; compare Arabic dubb): In 1Sa 17:34-37, David tells Saul how as a shepherd boy he had overcome a lion and a bear. In 2Ki 2:24 it is related that two she bears came out of the wood and tore forty-two of the children who had been mocking Elisha. All the other references to bears are figurative; compare 2Sa 17:8; Pr 17:12; 28:15; Isa 11:7; 59:11; La 3:10; Da 7:5; Ho 13:8; Am 5:19;
Bear
A native of the mountain regions of Western Asia, frequently mentioned in Scripture. David defended his flocks against the attacks of a bear (1 Sam. 17:34-37). Bears came out of the wood and destroyed the children who mocked the prophet Elisha (2 Kings 2:24). Their habits are referred to in Isa. 59:11; Prov. 28:15; Lam. 3:10. The fury of the female bear when robbed of her young is spoken of (2 Sam. 17:8; Prov. 17:12; Hos. 13:8). In Daniel’s vision of the…
(1 Samuel 17:34; 2 Samuel 17:8) The Syrian bear, Ursus syriacus, which is without doubt the animal mentioned in the Bible, is still found on the higher mountains of Palestine. During the summer months these bears keep to the snowy parts of Lebanon, but descend in winter to the villages and Gardens. It is probable also that at this period in former days they extended their visits to other parts of Palestine.
That bears were common in Palestine appears from several passages in the Old Testament, 1Sa 17:34,36,37; 2Sa 17:8; 2Ki 2:24. The species known in Syria resembles the common brown bear; it is sill met in the recesses of Lebanon. To a sullen and ferocious disposition, the bear joins immense strength, considerable sagacity, and the power of climbing trees. Her ferocity, especially when her young are injured, is proverbial. See 2Sa 17:8; Pr 17:12; Isa 11:7; Ho 13:8.
The Hebrew word רָעָה (*ra'ah*) is built from a primitive root meaning to tend or pasture a flock. It covers a range of meanings including to graze, rule, associate with, and befriend. The term appears in contexts related to shepherding and companionship, with a specific mention of the 'binding-house of shepherds' in 2 Kings 10:12.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים perh. n.pr.loc. (binding-house of the shepherds) 2 K 10:12
base
רָעָה 167 vb. pasture, tend, graze
Qal
trans.
intrans.
Niph. poss.
Hiph. v.
base
[רָעָה] vb. prob. associate with
Qal cherish faithfulness
Hithp. do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man
base
[רָעָה] vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend;—Ju 14:20
ref
H7462a בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים binding-house of shepherds H7462b רָעָה pasture, tend, graze H7462c רָעָה prob. associate with H7462d רָעָה vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend
7462 ra`ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it;
intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively);
generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a
friend):--X break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat
up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with,
herdman, keep (sheep)(-er), pastor, + shearing house,
shepherd, wander, waste.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים (bet-e.qed ha.ro.im) — House of Shepherds.
Ra'ah = "pasturing"
perh. "binding-house of the shepherds"
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to pasture.
1) to pasture, tend, graze, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tend, pasture
1a1a) to shepherd
1a1b) of ruler, teacher (fig)
1a1c) of people as flock (fig)
1a1d) shepherd, herdsman (subst)
1a2) to feed, graze
1a2a) of cows, sheep etc (literal)
1a2b) of idolater, Israel as flock (fig)
1b) (Hiphil) shepherd, shepherdess
Also means: ro.i (רֹעִי "to shepherd" H7473)
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to accompany.
1) to associate with, be a friend of (meaning probable)
1a) (Qal) to associate with
1b) (Hithpael) to be companions
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to befriend.
(Piel) to be a special friend
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
יַ֫חַד (yachad) refers to the concept of unitedness or being together. It can function as a noun meaning 'unitedness' and as an adverb meaning 'together.' The word is built from a root that emphasizes unity and is used in various contexts in the Old Testament.
יַ֫חַד 45 n.[m.] unitedness
as subst.
elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
base
יָחְדָּו 92 adv. together
base
H3162a יַ֫חַד unitedness . as subst.
. elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
H3162b יָחְדָּו adv. together
3162 yachad yakh'-ad
from 3161; properly, a unit, i.e. (adverb) unitedly:--alike,
at all (once), both, likewise, only, (al-)together, withal.
see HEBREW for 03161
יַ֫חַד (ya.chad) — unitedness.
1) union, unitedness
יָחְדָּו (yach.dav) — together.
adv
together
Adv — AdverbHD
רָבַץ (rabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stretch out or lie down. It encompasses actions like reclining, brooding, or lurking, and can imply causing something to lie down as well. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.
רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
Qal lie down, lie
Hiph. cause to lie down, or lie
base
H7257 רָבַץ stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
7257 rabats raw-bats'
a primitive root; to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a
recumbent animal); be implication, to recline, repose, brood,
lurk, imbed:--crouch (down), fall down, make a fold, lay,
(cause to, make to) lie (down), make to rest, sit.
רָבַץ (ra.vats) — to stretch.
1) to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
1a) (Qal) to lie down, lie
1b)(Hiphil) to cause to lie down
1b1) laying (stones)
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
יֶ֫לֶד (yeled) refers to a child, son, or youth, encompassing meanings like offspring and young man. It can also figuratively denote apostate Israelites. The word is derived from a root meaning something born, indicating its connection to birth and lineage.
יֶ֫לֶד 89 n.m. child, son, boy, youth
base
H3206 יֶ֫לֶד child, son, boy, youth
3206 yeled yeh'-led
from 3205; something born, i.e. a lad or offspring:--boy,
child, fruit, son, young man (one).
see HEBREW for 03205
יֶ֫לֶד (ye.led) — youth.
1) child, son, boy, offspring, youth
1a) child, son, boy
1b) child, children
1c) descendants
1d) youth
1e) apostate Israelites (fig.)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fp
אֲרִי (ariy) and אַרְיֵה (aryeh) both mean 'lion' in Hebrew, referring to the animal itself or images of it. The word is derived from a root associated with violence. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֲרִי n.m. lion
base
אַרְיֵה n.m. lion
base
H738a אֲרִי lion H738b אַרְיֵה lion
738 'ariy ar-ee'
or (prolonged) earyeh {ar-yay'}; from 717 (in the sense of
violence); a lion:--(young) lion, + pierce (from the margin).
see HEBREW for 0717
אֲרִי (a.ri) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
אַרְיֵה (ar.yeh) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
Aramaic equivalent: ar.yeh (אַרְיֵה "lion" H0744)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
li'-un:
(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.
1. Names:
Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).
"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…
The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteHRd/Ncbsa
Ox
Heb. bakar, “cattle;” “neat cattle”, (Gen. 12:16; 34:28; Job 1:3, 14; 42:12, etc.); not to be muzzled when treading the corn (Deut. 25:4). Referred to by our Lord in his reproof to the Pharisees (Luke 13:15; 14:5).
There was no animal in the rural economy of the Israelites, or indeed in that of the ancient Orientals generally, that was held in higher esteem than the ox and deservedly so, for the ox was the animal upon whose patient labors depended all the ordinary operations of farming. Oxen were used for ploughing, (22:10; 1 Samuel 14:14) etc.; for treading out corn, (25:4; Hosea 10:11) etc.; for draught purposes, when they were generally yoked in pairs, (Numbers 7:3; 1 Samuel 6:7) etc.; as beasts of burden, (1 Chronicles 12:40) their flesh was eaten, (14:4; 1 Kings 1:9) etc.…
The male of the beeve kind when grown, synonymous in the Bible with BULL; a clean animal, by the Levitical law; much used for food, 1Ki 19:21, and constituting no small part of the wealth of the Hebrews in their pastoral life, Ge 24:35 Job 1:14 42:12. Oxen were used in agriculture for ploughing, 1Ki 19:19; and for treading out the grain, during which they were not to be muzzled, 1Co 9:9, but well fed, Isa 30:24. The testing of a new yoke of oxen is still a business of great importance in the East, as of old, Lu…
→ See BULLOCK
→ See CATTLE
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
תֶּ֫בֶן (teben) means straw, specifically the refuse or stalks of grain, often used for fodder or as building material. The word's root is uncertain, but it is linked to the concept of material refuse. It appears in contexts related to agriculture and livestock.
תֶּ֫בֶן n.m. straw (√ unknown)
base
H8401 תֶּ֫בֶן straw (√ unknown)
8401 teben teh'-ben
probably from 1129; properly, material, i.e. (specifically)
refuse haum or stalks of grain (as chopped in threshing and
used for fodder):--chaff, straw, stubble.
see HEBREW for 01129
תֶּ֫בֶן (te.ven) — straw.
1) straw, stubble
1a) as building material
1b) as fodder for livestock
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Straw
Used in brick-making (Ex. 5:7-18). Used figuratively in Job 41:27; Isa. 11:7; 25:10; 65:25.
Both wheat and barley straw were used by the ancient Hebrews chiefly as fodder for the horses cattle and camels. (Genesis 24:25; 1 Kings 4:28; Isaiah 11:7; 66:25) There is no intimation that straw was used for litter. It was employed by the Egyptians for making bricks, (Exodus 5:7,16) being chopped up and mixed with the clay to make them more compact and to prevent their cracking. [See BRICK] The ancient Egyptians reaped their corn close to the ear, and afterward cut the straw close to the ground and laid it by. This was the straw that Pharaoh refused to give to the Israelites who were therefore compelled to gather "stubble" instead --a matter of considerable difficulty, seeing that the straw itself had been cut off near to the…
