Genesis 36:40 — Word Study
WLCוְ֠אֵלֶּה שְׁמ֞וֹת אַלּוּפֵ֤י עֵשָׂו֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לִמְקֹמֹתָ֖ם בִּשְׁמֹתָ֑ם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃
BSATheseʼêl-leh [specific, notable] are the namesshêm [identities, reputations] of Esau’sʻÊsâv [hairy, rough] chiefsʼallûwph [leaders, governors] according to their familiesmishpâchâh [clans, tribes] and regionsmâqôwm [places, territories] by their namesshêm [designations, titles] Chiefsʼallûwph [dukes, tribal leaders] TimnaTimnâʻ [a duke of Edom] AlvahʻAlvâh [meaning evil] JethethYᵉthêth [a leader, a duke]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְ֠אֵלֶּה | and these | Conjunction, particle |
| שְׁמ֞וֹת | [were] [the] names of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| אַלּוּפֵ֤י | [the] chiefs of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עֵשָׂו֙ | Esau | Noun proper |
| לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם | to clans their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| לִמְקֹמֹתָ֖ם | to places their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| בִּשְׁמֹתָ֑ם | by names their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| תִּמְנָ֛ע | Timna | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עַֽלְוָ֖ה | Alvah | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יְתֵֽת׃ | Jetheth | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Chiefs Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
| KJV | And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, |
| ASV | And these are the names of the chiefs that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth, |
| YLT | And these [are] the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: chief Timnah, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth, |
| WEB | These are the names of the chiefs who came from Esau, according to their families, after their places, and by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth, |
| BBE | These are the names of the chiefs of Esau in the order of their families and their places: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
Where they part company is אַלּוּף — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the subject, with additional phrases providing context and details about the chiefs.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 36:40
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lineage of Esaugenerated
Genesis 36:40 provides a list of the names of Esau's chiefs, indicating their roles and affiliations within their families and regions. This passage highlights the importance of lineage and leadership among the descendants of Esau, connecting them to the broader narrative of the Edomites and their history.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 36:31 | These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the Israelites: |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 1:51–54 | Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
| 3 | Genesis 36:15–16 | These are the chiefs among the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, |
| 4 | Exodus 15:15 | Then the chiefs of Edom will be dismayed; trembling will seize the leaders of Moab; those who dwell in Canaan will melt away, |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 1:51–54 | Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אַלּוּף, 'a.lu.Feigenerated
The word אַלּוּף (al-luph) refers to a chief or leader, indicating a person of authority within a community. It is derived from a root that conveys notions of tameness and familiarity, suggesting a close relationship between the leader and their followers.
In this verse, אַלּוּף is used to denote the chiefs of Esau, emphasizing their roles as tribal leaders or governors. The use of this term underscores the hierarchical structure within Esau's lineage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb אֵלֶּה (these) serves as the predicate of the main clause, introducing the list of names. The structure follows a noun phrase that identifies the subject, followed by several prepositional phrases that provide context about the chiefs' families and regions.
The sentence is organized to emphasize the names of the chiefs, with a clear order that reflects their significance within Esau's lineage. Each chief is presented in a consistent format, maintaining clarity in the genealogical record.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֵלֶּה as ταῦτα, which means 'these'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on specific individuals.
The translation of אַלּוּף as ἡγεμόνων indicates a similar understanding of leadership, reinforcing the idea of authority among Esau's chiefs.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 36:40 lists the names of Esau's chiefs, showing their families and regions. The names mentioned are Timna, Alvah, and Jetheth, indicating their roles as leaders in the Edomite lineage.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The chiefs mentioned are Timna, Alvah, and Jetheth, who are leaders among Esau's descendants.
The term 'chief' refers to a leader or governor, indicating a position of authority within the tribal structure.
Lineage is important as it establishes the identity and heritage of the Edomites, connecting them to Esau, a significant figure in biblical history.
The names reflect the cultural and familial ties within Esau's descendants, highlighting the importance of identity and reputation in the biblical narrative.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do the names of Esau's chiefs hold in understanding his lineage?
- How does the concept of leadership among Esau's descendants compare to other biblical leaders?
- In what ways does understanding family ties enhance our comprehension of biblical narratives?
- How can we apply the lessons of identity and leadership from this passage to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 36:40 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd these [are] the names of the dukes [that came] of Esau,.... After the regal monarchy ceased, the government in Edom was by dukes, and of these there were two sons, one of which an account has
Read John Gill on Genesis 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, These are the names of the dukes ...
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 36 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible1496 The names of the dukes, of their persons, and generations, and families. The state of Edom between the times of Esau and Moses seems to have been this; there were first dukes, then kings, and after them dukes again. But if it be objected, that the time was too short for a succession of so many persons, it may be replied, that what is confessed concerning the dukes preceding the kings, might be true also of these succeeding dukes, and that the Edomites either having taken some distaste at kingly government, or differing about the choice of a new king, divided themselves again into several petty principalities or dukedoms; and so several of those were dukes at the same time in divers…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 36 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 36:40 And these [are] the names of the dukes [that came] of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,Ver. 40. Duke Timnah, duke Alvah.] We had a Duke d’ Alva lately in the Netherlands, governor there for the Spaniard, infamous for his inhumanity. For he roasted some to death, starved others, and that even after quarter; saying, though he promised to give them their lives, he did not promise to find them meat. This was a right Romish Edomite. The Hebrews think the Romans came of the Idumeans. Sure I am, if they be not of the natural descent, they are of the spiritual, or unnatural; and so like, as by the one we may…
Read John Trapp on Genesis 36 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(40) According to their families, after their places.—The final list of the dukes is said, both here and in Genesis 36:43, to be territorial, by which is meant, not that the persons mentioned were not real men, but that Edom finally settled down into eleven “thousands” named after these chieftains. So in Canaan the names of the sons of Jacob became those also of territorial divisions, two of which, however, were given to Joseph and his sons, while no district was called after Levi. What is remarkable here is the vast amount of change. No Horite duke gives his name to any of these divisions of the land of Edom. Omitting Korah from Genesis 36:16, there were originally thirteen of these tribal…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 36 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 40. These are the names of the dukes that came of Esau] These dukes did not govern the whole nation of the Idumeans, but they were chiefs in their respective families, in their places - the districts they governed, and to which they gave their names. Calmet thinks that those mentioned above were dukes in Edom or Idumea at the time of the exodus of Israel from Egypt.
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 36 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges40–43. Edomite Chiefs 40. families … places … names] This short supplementary list of chiefs consists of names partly tribal, partly local, and partly personal. duke Timna] i.e. the chieftain of Timna; cf. note on Genesis 36:15. Alvah] In 1 Chronicles 1:51, Aliah. In Genesis 36:23, Alvan.
Read Cambridge on Genesis 36 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleThe Generations of Jacob, Genesis 36:37-43. This is the last section of the Book of Genesis headed by the special designation, úìãåú, generations. See Introduction, p. 49.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Chiefs Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
These are the names of the chiefs who came from Esau, according to their families, after their places, and by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Chiefs Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
These were the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
Tyndale line
And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
And these are the names of the chiefs that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timna, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth;
And these are the names of the dukes, descendants of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
Then these are the names of the Dukes of Esau according to their families, their places and by their names: Duke Timna, Duke Aluah, Duke Ietheth,
Strictly literal
And these are the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, after their places, with their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
And these [are] the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: chief Timnah, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,
And these [are] the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: Chief Timnah, Chief Alvah, Chief Jetheth,
And these are the names of the dukes of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names: duke Timna, duke Alvah, duke Yetheth,
These were the names of the heads of clans from Esau's descendants, according to their clans and their regions, by their names: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
From the Latin
And these are the names of the dukes of Esau in their kindreds, and places, and callings: duke Thamna, duke Alva, duke Jetheth,
Simplified
These were the names of the tribal leaders descended from Esau, according to their families and where they lived, listed by name: tribal leaders Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
These are the names of the chiefs of Esau in the order of their families and their places: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches 11 of the 13 words, indicating a strong agreement in the content. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch shows some variation, with three words differing from the Masoretic Text, specifically in the terms for clans, places, and names.
וְ֠אֵלֶּה שְׁמ֞וֹת אַלּוּפֵ֤י עֵשָׂו֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לִמְקֹמֹתָ֖ם בִּשְׁמֹתָ֑ם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואלה שׁמות אלופי עשׂו למשׁפחותם למקומותם בשׁמותם אלוף תמנע אלוף עלוה אלוף יתת
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: משׁפחותם (clan), מקומותם (place), שׁמותם (name)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 36:40
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · particleHC/Tm
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵשָׂו (Esav) refers to Esau, the hairy eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the twin brother of Jacob. He is noted for selling his birthright for food and is considered the progenitor of the Arab peoples. The name is also associated with Edom, and the entries indicate that it derives from a root meaning 'rough' or 'sensibly felt.'
עֵשָׂו 97 n.pr.m. Esau
base
H6215 עֵשָׂו Esau
6215 `Esav ay-sawv'
apparently a form of the passive participle of 6213 in the
original sense of handling; rough (i.e. sensibly felt); Esav,
a son of Isaac, including his posterity:--Esau.
see HEBREW for 06213
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Also named: e.dom (אֱדוֹם "Edom" H0123H)
§ Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
People descended from Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
e'-so (`esaw, "hairy"; Esau):
Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. The name was given on account of the hairy covering on his body at birth: "all over like a hairy garment" (Ge 25:25). There was a prenatal foreshadowing of the relation his descendants were to sustain to those of his younger brother, Jacob (Ge 25:23). The moment of his birth also was signalized by a circumstance that betokened the same destiny (Ge 25:26).
The young Esau was fond of the strenuous, daring life of the chase--he became a skillful hunter, "a man of the field" ('ish sadheh). His father warmed toward him rather than toward Jacob, because Esau's hunting expeditions resulted in meats that appealed to the old man's taste (
Esau
Hairy, Rebekah’s first-born twin son (Gen. 25:25). The name of Edom, “red”, was also given to him from his conduct in connection with the red lentil “pottage” for which he sold his birthright (30, 31). The circumstances connected with his birth foreshadowed the enmity which afterwards subsisted between the twin brothers and the nations they founded (25:22, 23, 26). In process of time Jacob, following his natural bent, became a shepherd; while Esau, a “son of the desert,” devoted himself to the perilous and toilsome life of a huntsman. On a certain occasion, on returning from the chase, urged by the cravings of hunger, Esau sold his birthright to his brother, Jacob, who thereby obtained the covenant blessing (Gen. 27:28, 29, 36;
(hairy), the eldest son of Isaac, and twin-brother of Jacob. The singular appearance of the child at his birth originated the name. (Genesis 25:25) Esau’s robust frame and "rough" aspect were the types of a wild and daring nature. He was a thorough Bedouin, a "son of the desert." He was much loved by his father, and was of course his heir, but was induced to sell his birthright to Jacob. Mention of his unhappy marriages may be found in (Genesis 26:34) The next episode in the life of Esau is the loss of his father’s covenant blessing, which Jacob secured through the craft of his mother, and the anger of Esau, who vows vengeance. (Genesis 27:1) ... Later he marries a daughter of Ishmael, (
The son of Isaac, and twin brother of Jacob, Ge 25:1-34. He was the elder of the two, and was therefore legally the heir, but sold his birthright to Jacob. We have an account of his ill-advised marriages, Ge 26:34; of his loss of his father’s chief blessing, and his consequent anger against Jacob, Ge 27:1-46; of their subsequent reconciliation, Ge 32:1-33:20; and of his posterity, Ge 36:1-43. He is also called Edom; and settled in the mountains south of the Dead Sea, extending to the gulf of Akaba, where he became very powerful. This country was called from him the land of Edom, and afterwards IDUMAEA, which see.
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
Prep | N-fp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
מָקוֹם (maqom) means 'place' and encompasses a variety of contexts, including a standing place, station, or post. It can refer to human abodes, localities, regions, and even figurative conditions of body or mind. The term is derived from a root meaning 'standing' and is used broadly in the Old Testament.
מָקוֹם, מָקֹם 399 n.m. standing-place, place
standing-place
station, where soldiers are placed
post, office
place where a thing belongs
esp.
place of human abode
of י׳’s abode
place
in gen. place, locality, spot
space, room
space, distance, between
region, quarter, direction
peculiar uses
base
H4725 מָקוֹם, מָקֹם standing-place, place . . standing-place
. station, where soldiers are placed
. post, office
. . place where a thing belongs
. esp. . place of human abode
. of י׳’s abode
. place
. in gen. place, locality, spot
. . space, room
. space, distance, between
. region, quarter, direction
. peculiar uses
4725 maqowm maw-kome'
or maqom {maw-kome'}; also (feminine) mqowmah {mek-o-mah'};
or mqomah {mek-o-mah'}; from 6965; properly, a standing, i.e.
a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific);
also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or
mind):--country, X home, X open, place, room, space, X
whither(-soever).
see HEBREW for 06965
מָקוֹם (ma.qom) — place.
1) standing place, place
1a) standing place, station, post, office
1b) place, place of human abode
1c) city, land, region
1d) place, locality, spot
1e) space, room, distance
1f) region, quarter, direction
1g) give place to, instead of
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
תִּמְנָע (Timna) is an Edomite name referring to multiple figures in the Old Testament, including a chief of Edom and the concubine of Eliphaz, son of Esau. The name is associated with the meaning "restrained" and appears in genealogical contexts, particularly in Genesis 36, where it identifies both a man and a woman linked to the lineage of Esau.
תִּמְנָע n.pr.m. and f. Edomite name.
n.pr.m.
a chief of Edom
son of Eliphaz
f. sister of Lotan (of Seir); concubine of Eliphaz son of Esau
base
H8555 תִּמְנָע Edomite name.
8555 Timna` tim-naw'
from 4513; restraint; Timna, the name of two
Edomites:--Timna, Timnah.
see HEBREW for 04513
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.12; married to Eliphaz (H0464);
mother of: Amalek (H6002H)
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
1) a chief or duke of Esau and of Edom
2) the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau
3) daughter of Seir the Horite and sister of Lotan
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.22;
daughter of: Seir (H8165B);
sister of: Lotan (H3877), Shobal (H7732), Zibeon (H6649H), Anah (H6034H), Dishon (H1787), Ezer (H0687) and Dishan (H1789)
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
1) a chief or duke of Esau and of Edom
2) the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau
3) daughter of Seir the Horite and sister of Lotan
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
tim'-na (timna`; Thamna): A conbubine of Eliphaz, Esau's son, and the mother of Amalek (Ge 36:12). But in Ge 36:22 and 1Ch 1:39 Timna is the sister of Lotan, and in Ge 36:40 and 1Ch 1:51 a chief or elan of Edom (see TIMNAH (3)). These variations are to be expected when the origin of genealogies is recalled. (In Genesis, English Versions of the Bible read, contrary to rule, "Timnah.") Gunkel's theory is that Ge 36:12 is a later insertion in P.
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
עַלְוָה (Alvah) refers to a man from Edom, specifically a duke mentioned in the context of the Edomite lineage. The name may also be associated with the meaning 'evil.' It appears in the Old Testament in Genesis 36:40, where Alvah is listed among the descendants of Esau.
עַלְוָה n.pr.m. in Edom
base
H5933 עַלְוָה in Edom
5933 `Alvah al-vaw'
or Alyah {al-yaw'}; the same as 5932; Alvah or Aljah, an
Idumaean:--Aliah, Alvah.
see HEBREW for 05932
עַלְוָה (al.vah) — Alvah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Aliah or Alvah = "evil"
a duke of Edom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(evil), a duke of Edom, (Genesis 36:40) written ALIAH in (1 Chronicles 1:51)
his rising up; his highness
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
יְתֵת (Ytheyh) refers to Jetheth, an Edomite chief mentioned in the context of the descendants of Esau. The name is associated with the meaning 'a nail' and is noted in Genesis 36:40. The derivation of the word is uncertain, but it is recognized as a proper name within the lineage of Edom.
יְתֵת n.pr.m. an Edomite chief
base
H3509 יְתֵת an Edomite chief
3509 Ytheyh yeh-thayth'
of uncertain derivation; Jetheth, an Edomite: -Jetheth.
יְתֵת (ye.tet) — Jetheth.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Jetheth = "a nail"
one of the dukes of Edom who came of Esau
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jetheth
A peg, or a prince, one of the Edomitish kings of Mount Seir (Gen. 36:40).
(a nail), one of the "dukes" who came of Esau. (Genesis 36:40; 1 Chronicles 1:51)
giving