1 Chronicles 1:51 — Word Study
WLCוַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד ס וַיִּהְיוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃
BSAThen HadadHădad [a king of Edom, an idol] diedmûwth▸ [passed away, came to his end] Now the chiefsʼallûwph [leaders, dukes, governors] of Edom [were]ʼĔdôm [the region, the people] TimnaTimnâʻ [a duke, a leader] AlvahʻAlvâh [meaning evil, a duke] JethethYᵉthêth [a duke, a leader]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֖מָת | and he died | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| הֲדָ֑ד ס | Hadad | Noun proper masculine |
| וַיִּהְיוּ֙ | and they were | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| אַלּוּפֵ֣י | [the] chiefs of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| אֱד֔וֹם | Edom | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| תִּמְנָ֛ע | Timna | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עַֽלְוָ֖ה | Alvah | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יְתֵֽת׃ | Jetheth | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
| KJV | ¶ Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth, |
| ASV | And Hadad died. And the chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth, |
| YLT | And chiefs of Edom are: chief Timnah, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth, |
| WEB | Then Hadad died. The chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth, |
| BBE | And Hadad came to his end. Now the chiefs of Edom were: the chief of Timna, the chief of Aliah, the chief of Jetheth, |
There are no significant differences in how the translations render the key terms in this verse.
The sentence has a clear main clause followed by a subject and a list of names, presenting the information in a straightforward manner.
4 commentators on this verse
Trapp, Ellicott, AdamClarke, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֲדַד
verbמוּת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:51
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Chiefs of Edomgenerated
1 Chronicles 1:51 describes the death of Hadad, a king of Edom, and lists the chiefs of Edom that followed him. This verse is part of a larger genealogical record that highlights the lineage and leadership in Edom, a region significant in the history of Israel. The context shows the transition of power and the importance of these leaders in Edomite society.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 36:40 | These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Chiefs Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מוּת, vai.Ya.motgenerated
The verb מוּת (mūth) means 'to die' and encompasses a range of meanings from natural death to execution. It is used throughout the Old Testament to describe the end of life, both literally and as a consequence of sin, as seen in the narrative of Adam and Eve.
In this verse, it indicates the death of Hadad, marking a significant moment in Edomite history. The use of this verb underscores the finality of death and the transition in leadership that follows.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is מוּת, he died, which governs the subject הֲדָ֑ד, Hadad, and leads into the next clause that introduces the chiefs of Edom. The structure is straightforward, with a clear subject-verb relationship followed by a listing of names.
The sentence follows a typical Hebrew narrative style, presenting the death of Hadad first, then transitioning smoothly into the identification of the leaders who succeeded him.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מוּת as ἀπέθανεν (apethanen), which also means 'he died.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning and emphasizes the finality of Hadad's death.
The translation maintains the narrative's focus on the transition of leadership following Hadad's death, consistent with the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:51 tells us that Hadad, a king of Edom, died. After his death, the chiefs of Edom are named: Timna, Alvah, and Jetheth. This verse highlights the leadership in Edom and the succession that follows Hadad's reign.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Hadad was a king of Edom, associated with the region's history and mentioned in the genealogies of the Old Testament.
Timna is associated with the meaning 'restrained' and refers to a leader among the Edomites.
The succession of chiefs shows the continuity of leadership in Edom and its significance in the broader context of Israel's history.
The chiefs of Edom represent the political structure and lineage that existed in the region, reflecting its history and relationships with neighboring peoples.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can the leadership transitions in Edom teach us about the importance of succession in our own communities?
- How does the story of Hadad's death reflect the larger themes of leadership and authority in the Bible?
- In what ways can understanding the historical context of Edom deepen our appreciation for the narratives in the Old Testament?
- How might the names of the Edomite chiefs reflect their character or role in the society of their time?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:51 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 1:51 Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth,Ver. 51. Hadad died also.] And with him the kingly government, as it did at Rome with Tarquin the tyrant.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(51) Hadad died also.—Rather, And Hadad died, and there were (or arose) chiliarchs of Edom, the chiliarch of Timnah, the chiliarch of Aliah, &c. This appears to state that Hadad was the last king of Edom, and that after his death the country was governed by the heads of the various clans or tribes, without any central authority. In Genesis 36:40, the sentence, “And Hadad died,” is wanting, and the transition from the kings to the chiliarchs is thus effected: “And these are the names of the chiliarchs of Esau, after their clans, after their places, by their names: the chiliarch of Timnah,” &c. The chiliarchs (‘allûphîm, from ‘eleph, a thousand) were the heads of the thousands or clans…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 51. Hadad died] "And his kingdom ended; for his land was subdued by the children of Esau, and the dukes of Edom ruled in the land of Gebala." - T. For various particulars in this chapter, see Gen. 10 and 36, and the parallel places.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges51b–54. The “Dukes” of Edom (Cp. Genesis 36:40-43) 51. dukes] The word means “leader of a thousand.” The list which follows is probably topographical, not chronological. It seems to give the names of the “dukedoms” into which Edom was divided at the time when the list was drawn up. duke Timnah, etc.] Render, the duke of Timnah, etc. Aliah] In Genesis 36:40, “Alvah.”
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
Then Hadad died. The chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth,
Then Hadad died. Now the chiefs of Edom were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
Hadad died. Tribal Chiefs of Edom The tribal chiefs of Edom were: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
Tyndale line
¶ Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth,
And Hadad died. And the chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth,
And Hadad died. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timna, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth;
Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timna, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth,
Hadad dyed also, and there were dukes in Edom, duke Timna, duke Aliah, duke Ietheth,
Strictly literal
And Hadad died. And the chiefs of Edom were: chief Timna, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth,
And chiefs of Edom are: chief Timnah, chief Aliah, chief Jetheth,
And chiefs of Edom are: Chief Timnah, Chief Aliah, Chief Jetheth,
Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were: Thimna', duke 'Alvah, duke Jetheth,
Hadad died. The chiefs in Edom were Chief Timna, Chief Alvah, Chief Jetheth,
From the Latin
And after the death of Adad, there began to be dukes in Edom instead of kings: duke Thamna, duke Alva, duke Jetheth,
Simplified
Then Hadad died. The chiefs of Edom were: Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
And Hadad came to his end. Now the chiefs of Edom were: the chief of Timna, the chief of Aliah, the chief of Jetheth,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement on the core elements of the verse, with the Masoretic Text providing a complete record of Hadad's death and the subsequent listing of Edomite chiefs. The Septuagint matches some of the key terms but presents them in a different order.
וַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד ס וַיִּהְיוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃
5 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:51
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
הֲדַד (Hadad) is a name associated with several kings of Edom, likely meaning 'mighty.' The entries note Hadad's role as a king who defeated the Midianites and mention his connections to other figures, such as his marriage to the sister of Tahpenes. The name appears in contexts related to Edomite history, particularly in Genesis and 1 Kings.
הֲדַד n.pr.m. Hadad
name of kings of Edom
an Edomite
base
H1908 הֲדַד Hadad
1908 Hadad had-ad'
probably of foreign origin (compare 111); Hadad, the name of
an idol, and of several kings of Edom:--Hadad.
see HEBREW for 0111
הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.35;
son of: Bedad (H0911)
§ Hadad = "mighty"
1) son of Ishmael
2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab
3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital
4) a member of the royal house of Edom who escaped the massacre under Joab and fled with a band of followers into Egypt; after David's death, he returned to his own country
הֲדַד (ha.dad) — Hadad.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.39; married to Mehetabel (H4105); also called Hadar at Gen.36.39;
Also named: ha.dar (הֲדַר "Hadar" H1924)
§ Hadad = "mighty"
1) son of Ishmael
2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab
3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ha'-dad:
(1) (chadhadh, "sharpness"): One of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Ge 25:15, where the King James Version, following a mistake in Hebrew text, has "Hadar"; but "Hadad" is found in parallel passage 1Ch 1:30; the Revised Version (British and American) reads "Hadad" in both places).
(2) (hadhadh): A king of Edom, son of Bedad (Ge 36:35,36 parallel 1Ch 1:46,47), "who smote Midian in the field of Moab," and whose "city was Avith."
Hadad
Adod, brave(?), the name of a Syrian god. (1.) An Edomite king who defeated the Midianites (Gen. 36:35; 1 Chr. 1:46).
(2.) Another Edomite king (1 Chr. 1:50, 51), called also Hadar (Gen. 36:39; 1 Chr. 1:51).
(3.) One of “the king’s seed in Edom.” He fled into Egypt, where he married the sister of Pharaoh’s wife (1 Kings 11:14-22). He became one of Solomon’s adversaries.
Hadad, sharp, (a different name in Hebrew from the preceding), one of the sons of Ishmael (1 Chr. 1:30). Called also Hadar (
(mighty), originally the indigenous appellation of the sun among the Syrians, and thence transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form Hadar. (Genesis 25:15; 36:39) compared with 1Chr 1:30,50 Son of Ishmael. (Genesis 25:15; 1 Chronicles 1:30) A king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab. (Genesis 36:35; 1 Chronicles 1:46) Also a king of Edom, with Pau for his capital. (
1. An Idumean prince, who defeated the Midianites in the plains of Moab, Ge 36:35 1Ch 1:16.
2. A second prince of Edom, mentioned in 1Ch 1:51.
3. Another Edomite of the royal family, who fled to Egypt while young, upon David’s conquest of Edom, 2Sa 8:14; was well received, and married the queen’s sister. After the death of David and Joab, he returned to Edom and made an ineffectual effort to throw off the yoke of Solomon, 1Ki 11:14-22 2Ch 8:17.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Hc/Vqw3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱדוֹם (Edom) refers to both a person and a region. It is derived from the Hebrew word for 'red' and is associated with Esau, Jacob's brother. The term encompasses the Edomites, descendants of Esau, and the land of Edom, located southeast of Palestine. It is first mentioned in Genesis 25:25.
אֱדוֹם († אֱדֹם Ez 25:11) n.pr.m.
Edom
coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
land of Edom, Idumaea
base
H123 אֱדוֹם . Edom
. coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
. land of Edom, Idumaea
123 'Edom ed-ome'
or (fully) oEdowm {ed-ome'}; from 122; red (see Gen. 25:25);
Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region
(Idumaea) occupied by him:--Edom, Edomites, Idumea.
see HEBREW for 0122
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
Edom = "red"
land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Another name of e.sav (עֵשָׂו "Esau" H6215G)
§ Edom = "red"
1) Edom
2) Edomite, Idumean-descendants of Esau
3) land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Edom
(1.) The name of Esau (q.v.), Gen. 25:30, “Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage [Heb. haadom, haadom, i.e., ‘the red pottage, the red pottage’] ...Therefore was his name called Edom”, i.e., Red.
(2.) Idumea (Isa. 34:5, 6; Ezek. 35:15). “The field of Edom” (Gen. 32:3), “the land of Edom” (Gen. 36:16), was mountainous (Obad. 1:8, 9, 19, 21). It was called the land, or “the mountain of Seir,” the rough hills on the east side of the Arabah. It extended from the head of the Gulf of Akabah, the Elanitic gulf, to the foot of the Dead Sea (
Red, a name of Esau, Isaac’s eldest son, appropriate on account of his natural complexion, but given, it would seem, from the current name of food for which he sold his birthright-"that same red," Ge 25:25,30. See ESAU and IDUMEA.
red, earthy; of blood
→ (Signifies red)
1. A name of Esau, possibly on account of his being covered with red hair Ge 25:25,30; 36:1,8,19
2. A name of the land occupied by the descendants of Esau
It extended from the Elanitic Gulf to the Red Sea, and was also called IDUMEA Ge 32:3; 36:16,17,21; Jer 40:11
Noted for its wise men Ob 1:8
Sins of Ob 1:10-14
Prophecies concerning Jer 25:21-23; 27:1-11; Da 11:41
See EDOMITES
FIGURATIVE of the foes of Zion Isa 63:1
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
תִּמְנָע (Timna) is an Edomite name referring to multiple figures in the Old Testament, including a chief of Edom and the concubine of Eliphaz, son of Esau. The name is associated with the meaning "restrained" and appears in genealogical contexts, particularly in Genesis 36, where it identifies both a man and a woman linked to the lineage of Esau.
תִּמְנָע n.pr.m. and f. Edomite name.
n.pr.m.
a chief of Edom
son of Eliphaz
f. sister of Lotan (of Seir); concubine of Eliphaz son of Esau
base
H8555 תִּמְנָע Edomite name.
8555 Timna` tim-naw'
from 4513; restraint; Timna, the name of two
Edomites:--Timna, Timnah.
see HEBREW for 04513
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.12; married to Eliphaz (H0464);
mother of: Amalek (H6002H)
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
1) a chief or duke of Esau and of Edom
2) the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau
3) daughter of Seir the Horite and sister of Lotan
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.22;
daughter of: Seir (H8165B);
sister of: Lotan (H3877), Shobal (H7732), Zibeon (H6649H), Anah (H6034H), Dishon (H1787), Ezer (H0687) and Dishan (H1789)
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
1) a chief or duke of Esau and of Edom
2) the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau
3) daughter of Seir the Horite and sister of Lotan
תִּמְנָע (tim.na) — Timna.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Timna or Timnah = "restrained"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
tim'-na (timna`; Thamna): A conbubine of Eliphaz, Esau's son, and the mother of Amalek (Ge 36:12). But in Ge 36:22 and 1Ch 1:39 Timna is the sister of Lotan, and in Ge 36:40 and 1Ch 1:51 a chief or elan of Edom (see TIMNAH (3)). These variations are to be expected when the origin of genealogies is recalled. (In Genesis, English Versions of the Bible read, contrary to rule, "Timnah.") Gunkel's theory is that Ge 36:12 is a later insertion in P.
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
עַלְוָה (Alvah) refers to a man from Edom, specifically a duke mentioned in the context of the Edomite lineage. The name may also be associated with the meaning 'evil.' It appears in the Old Testament in Genesis 36:40, where Alvah is listed among the descendants of Esau.
עַלְוָה n.pr.m. in Edom
base
H5933 עַלְוָה in Edom
5933 `Alvah al-vaw'
or Alyah {al-yaw'}; the same as 5932; Alvah or Aljah, an
Idumaean:--Aliah, Alvah.
see HEBREW for 05932
עַלְוָה (al.vah) — Alvah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Aliah or Alvah = "evil"
a duke of Edom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(evil), a duke of Edom, (Genesis 36:40) written ALIAH in (1 Chronicles 1:51)
his rising up; his highness
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
יְתֵת (Ytheyh) refers to Jetheth, an Edomite chief mentioned in the context of the descendants of Esau. The name is associated with the meaning 'a nail' and is noted in Genesis 36:40. The derivation of the word is uncertain, but it is recognized as a proper name within the lineage of Edom.
יְתֵת n.pr.m. an Edomite chief
base
H3509 יְתֵת an Edomite chief
3509 Ytheyh yeh-thayth'
of uncertain derivation; Jetheth, an Edomite: -Jetheth.
יְתֵת (ye.tet) — Jetheth.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.40
§ Jetheth = "a nail"
one of the dukes of Edom who came of Esau
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jetheth
A peg, or a prince, one of the Edomitish kings of Mount Seir (Gen. 36:40).
(a nail), one of the "dukes" who came of Esau. (Genesis 36:40; 1 Chronicles 1:51)
giving