Genesis 10:2 — Word Study
WLCבְּנֵ֣י יֶ֔פֶת גֹּ֣מֶר וּמָג֔וֹג וּמָדַ֖י וְיָוָ֣ן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ וְתִירָֽס׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of JaphethYepheth [a son of Noah, ancestor of many nations] GomerGômer [complete, the name of a son of Japheth] MagogMâgôwg [a region, a barbarous northern land] MadaiMâday [the Medes, a people northwest of Persia] JavanYâvân [Greece, the Greeks] TubalTûwbal [a region in Asia Minor, similar to Cappadocia] MeshechMeshek [a people group, a son of Japheth] and TirasTîyrâç [desire, a son of Japheth]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּנֵ֣י | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| יֶ֔פֶת | Japheth | Noun proper masculine |
| גֹּ֣מֶר | [were] Gomer | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמָג֔וֹג | and Magog | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וּמָדַ֖י | and Madai | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְיָוָ֣ן | and Javan | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְתֻבָ֑ל | and Tubal | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ | and Meshech | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְתִירָֽס׃ | and Tiras | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| KJV | The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. |
| ASV | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. |
| YLT | 'Sons of Japheth [are] Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. |
| WEB | The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| BBE | The sons of Japheth: Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras. |
The translations agree on the identification of Japheth's sons without notable variation.
The sentence is straightforward, listing the sons of Japheth in a clear and direct manner.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Noah's Sonsgenerated
Genesis 10:2 presents the descendants of Japheth, one of Noah's three sons. This genealogy is significant as it outlines the origins of various nations and peoples that emerged after the flood, linking them back to Noah's lineage. The mention of each son serves to establish historical and geographical connections among the nations that would develop in the ancient world.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 10:21 | And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 1:5–7 | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| 3 | Isaiah 66:19 | I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations. |
| 4 | Ezekiel 27:7–12 | Of embroidered fine linen from Egypt they made your sail, which served as your banner. Of blue and purple from the coasts of Elishah they made your awning. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 38:2–6 | “Son of man, set your face against Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Prophesy against him |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יֶ֔פֶת, Ye.fetgenerated
The name יֶ֔פֶת (Ye.fet) refers to the third son of Noah, whose descendants are associated with many nations, particularly those in the Mediterranean region. The name itself means 'opened' or 'expansion', suggesting a broadening of influence and territory.
As a proper noun, it is used to denote a specific individual in the genealogical context, emphasizing the importance of lineage in the biblical narrative. Japheth's descendants are believed to have settled in various regions, contributing to the diversity of nations.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is introduced by the subject בְּנֵ֣י (be.Nei), meaning 'the sons of', followed by the proper noun יֶ֔פֶת (Ye.fet), establishing the focus of the genealogy.
The structure lists the sons in a straightforward manner, with each name following the conjunctions, indicating a simple enumeration typical of genealogical records.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בְּנֵ֣י as υἱοὶ (huioi), meaning 'sons', which aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing lineage.
The Greek translation maintains the list format and the names of Japheth's sons, indicating a direct correspondence in the genealogical context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:2 lists the sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. These names represent the ancestors of various nations that emerged after the flood, showing the spread of Noah's family across different regions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Japheth was one of Noah's three sons, and his descendants are believed to have populated regions in Europe and Asia.
Gomer means 'complete' and is the name of Japheth's son, who is associated with various peoples.
Magog refers to a region and is often associated with a barbarous northern land, mentioned in prophetic texts.
Tiras means 'desire' and is one of the sons of Japheth, contributing to the genealogy of nations.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the genealogy of Japheth help us understand the origins of different nations?
- What can we learn from the names of Japheth's sons about the diversity of cultures?
- In what ways does understanding these genealogies enhance our comprehension of biblical history?
- How do the descendants of Japheth connect to the broader narrative of the Bible?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on the sons of Japheth, noting their geographical distribution and significance in biblical history.
The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. Japheth, son of Noah, had seven sons who possessed the land in Asia from Mount Amanus and Mount Taurus to the mountains of Syria Coele and Cilicia,Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe sons of Japheth,.... Who though mentioned last, the genealogy begins with him, by a figure which rhetoricians call a "chiasm".
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. The sons of Japheth. For the meaning of this name, see the note at Genesis 6:10; Genesis 9:27.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleJapheth’ s portion was at first Asia the Less, and afterwards by degrees all Europe, and the northern parts of Asia. This is he so much celebrated among the Greeks by the name of Japetus. Gomer’ s posterity are reckoned among the northern people, , and were seated in the northern parts of the Lesser Asia, and afterwards about Thracia; and from him were called Gomari, and by an easy change Cimbri, or Cimmerii. Magog was the father of the Scythians, as may be gathered from , , , . The posterity of Madai, wheresoever they were first placed, in Macedonia or elsewhere, afterward were fixed in Media, and were called Medes, and in the Hebrew by the name of their father Madai, as appears from…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:2 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.Ver. 2. The sons of Japheth.] Not all, but the chief men of renown, Ethnarchs: think the same of the other two sons of Noah: seventy-one of their posterity are here registered (fourteen of Japheth, thirty-one of Ham, and twenty-six of Shem); hence it went for current among the ancients (grounding upon Genesis 10:31-32 of this chapter) that the nations were afterwards distinguished by so many tongues and countries.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) The sons of Japheth.—Of these, seven main divisions are enumerated, some of which are subsequently sub-divided; they are— 1. Gomer, whose name reappears in the Cimmerians. Their original settlement was between Magog and Madai, that is, between the Scythians and the Medes. After remaining some time on the Caspian and Black Seas, on which latter they have left their name in the Crimea, a powerful branch of them struck across the centre of Russia, and, skirting the Baltic, became the Cimbri of Denmark (whence the name of the Chersonesus Cimbrica, given to Jutland), the Cymry of Wales, &c. Generally they are the race to which the | name is given of Celts. 2. Magog. The Scythians, who once…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. The sons of Japheth] Japheth is supposed to be the same with the Japetus of the Greeks, from whom, in an extremely remote antiquity, that people were supposed to have derived their origin. Gomer] Supposed by some to have peopled Galatia; so Josephus, who says that the Galatians were anciently named Gomerites. From him the Cimmerians or Cimbrians are supposed to have derived their origin. Bochart has no doubt that the Phrygians sprang from this person, and some of our principal commentators are of the same opinion. Magog] Supposed by many to be the father of the Scythians and Tartars, or Tatars, as the word should be written; and in great Tartary many names are still found which…
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. The sons of Japheth] These are names of peoples who for the most part seem to have dwelt in remote northern and western regions in Asia Minor. Gomer] Mentioned also in Ezekiel 38:6. Probably the people dwelling in the region of Pontus in Asia Minor, and called by the Greeks Cimmerians (Κιμμέριοι). Cf. 1 Chronicles 1:5-6. Magog] appears as the name of a country in Ezekiel 38:2, and of a northern people in Ezekiel 39:6, generally identified with the Scythians. Sayce conjectures that Magog is for “Mat-Gog” = “land of Gog.” The allusions to Gog and Magog in Revelation 20:8 are based upon the prophetic passages in Ezekiel 38, 39. Madai] Almost certainly “the land of the Medes.” The people of…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible2. Gomer — The word occurs elsewhere in the Scriptures only in Ezekiel 38:6, where it is, as here, associated with Togarmah.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
Tyndale line
The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
The sonnes of Iapheth were Gomer and Magog, and Madai, and Iauan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
Strictly literal
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
'Sons of Japheth [are] Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
Sons of Japheth [are] Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tirass.
The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
From the Latin
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Thubal, and Mosoch, and Thiras.
Simplified
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
The sons of Japheth: Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the sons of Japheth as Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in listing these names, although its word order and articles differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs from the Masoretic Text in the names Tubal (תובל) and Meshech (מושׁך), which are rendered as Tubal and Mosoch, respectively. This indicates that while there is general agreement on the names, there are notable variations in the specific wording of two names.
בְּנֵ֣י יֶ֔פֶת גֹּ֣מֶר וּמָג֔וֹג וּמָדַ֖י וְיָוָ֣ן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ וְתִירָֽס׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
בני יפת גמר ומגוג מדי ויון תובל מושׁך ותירס
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: תובל (Tubal), מושׁך (Meshech)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יֶ֫פֶת (Yepheth) is the name of the third son of Noah, whose descendants are said to have settled in coastal regions of the Mediterranean and parts of Europe and Asia. The name may imply 'expansion' or 'opened.' He is first mentioned in Genesis 5:32 and is the brother of Shem and Ham, and father to several nations.
יֶ֫פֶת n.pr.m. third son of Noah
base
H3315 יֶ֫פֶת third son of Noah
3315 Yepheth yeh'-feth
from 6601; expansion; Jepheth, a son of Noah; also his
posterity:--Japheth.
see HEBREW for 06601
יֶ֫פֶת (ye.phet) — Japheth.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.5.32;
son of: Noah (H5146);
brother of: Shem (H8035) and Ham (H2526);
father of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494)
§ Japheth = "opened"
the 3rd son of Noah whose descendants after the flood settled on the coastal lands of the Mediterranean spreading north into Europe and parts of Asia
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Japheth
Wide spreading: “God shall enlarge Japheth” (Heb. Yaphat Elohim le-Yephet, Gen. 9:27. Some, however, derive the name from yaphah, “to be beautiful;” hence white), one of the sons of Noah, mentioned last in order (Gen. 5:32; 6:10; 7:13), perhaps first by birth (10:21; comp. 9:24). He and his wife were two of the eight saved in the ark (1 Pet. 3:20). He was the progenitor of many tribes inhabiting the east of Europe and the north of Asia (Gen. 10:2-5). An act of filial piety (9:20-27) was the occasion of Noah’s prophecy of the extension of his posterity.
(enlargement), one of the three sons of Noah. The descendants of Japheth occupied the "isles of the Gentiles," (Genesis 10:5) --i.e. the coast lands of the Mediterranean Sea in Europe and Asia Minor-- whence they spread northward over the whole continent of Europe and a considerable portion of Asia.
Enlargement, the eldest of Noah’s three sons, Ge 9:24 10:21, born one hundred years before the flood. He was perhaps the Iapetos, whom Greek legends represent as the progenitor of the Greek race. His seven sons, Ge 10:2-5 1Ch 1:5, occupied with their posterity the north of Asia and most of Europe. The probable location of each of the seven is described in its place. In later years the Greeks and Romans subdued large portions of Southern and Western Asia, in accordance with the prediction of Noah, Ge 9:27. The "enlargement" of Japheth now extends over America also.
גֹּ֫מֶר (Gomer) refers to both a man and a woman in the Old Testament. The male Gomer is the eldest son of Japheth and a progenitor of various peoples, while the female Gomer is the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea, symbolizing Israel's waywardness. The name itself means 'completion.'
גֹּ֫מֶר n.pr.
m. son of Japhet
f. wife of Hosea
base
H1586 גֹּ֫מֶר . son of Japhet
. wife of Hosea
1586 Gomer go'-mer
from 1584; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth
and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess:--Gomer.
see HEBREW for 01584
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494);
father of: Ashkenaz (H0813), Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Gomer = "complete"
1) the eldest son of Japheth and grandson of Noah; the progenitor of the early Cimmerians and other branches of the Celtic family
2) the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea; Hosea's relationship with her was symbolic of God's relationship with wayward Israel
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Hos.1.3;
daughter of: Diblaim (H1691); married to Hosea (H1954J);
mother of: Jezreel (H3157K), Lo-ruhamah (H3819), Lo-ammi lo am.mi (לֹא עַמִּי "Not My People" H3818))
§ Gomer = "complete"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Gomer
Complete; vanishing. (1.) The daughter of Diblaim, who (probably in vision only) became the wife of Hosea (1:3).
(2.) The eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. 10:2, 3), whose descendants formed the principal branch of the population of South-eastern Europe. He is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Celtae and the Cimmerii, who in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. Traces of their presence are found in the names Cimmerian Bosphorus, Cimmerian Isthmus, etc. In the seventh century B.C. they were driven out of their original seat by the Scythians, and overran western Asia Minor, whence they were afterwards expelled. They subsequently reappear in the times of the Romans as the Cimbri of the north and west of…
(perfect). The eldest son of Japheth, (Genesis 10:2,3) the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri. The wife of Hosea. (Hosea 1:3)
1. Ge 10:2,3; 1Ch 1:5; Eze 38:6, a son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. He is believed to have settled the northern shores of the Black Sea, and given name to the ancient Cimmerians and to the Crimea. About 700 B. C. a part of his posterity diffused themselves in Asia Minor. Traces of his name and parentage are also found in the Cymbri, Umbri, and Cambri of historians, in Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the Welsh people and language, and among various nations of Europe.
2. A harlot whom the prophet Hosea appears to have married in prophetic vision, as directed by God, that the Jews might be led to reflect on the guilt of their spiritual uncleanness or idolatry,
to finish; complete
מָגוֹג (Magog) refers to a son of Japheth, mentioned in Genesis 10:2, and is associated with a northern region inhabited by his descendants. The term may also imply a geographical area, often interpreted as the 'land of Gog.' The entries indicate that Magog is linked to various tribes and a mountainous region between Cappadocia and Media.
מָגוֹג n.pr.terr. (= land of Gog?)—a son of Japhet
base
H4031 מָגוֹג (= land of Gog?)—a son of Japhet
4031 Magowg maw-gogue'
from 1463; Magog, a son of Japheth; also a barbarous northern
region:--Magog.
see HEBREW for 01463
מָגוֹג (ma.gog) — Magog.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494)
§ Magog = "land of Gog"
1) the 2nd son of Japheth, grandson of Noah, and progenitor of several tribes northward from Israel
2) the mountainous region between Cappadocia and Media and habitation of the descendants of Magog, son of Japheth and grandson of Noah
מָגוֹג (ma.gog) — Magog.
Magog = "land of Gog"
the mountainous region between Cappadocia and Media and habitation of the descendants of Magog, son of Japheth and grandson of Noah
Also named: Magōg (Μαγώγ "Magog" G3098)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ma'-gog (maghogh; Magog): Named among the sons of Japheth (Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5). Ezekiel uses the word as equivalent to "land of Gog" (Eze 38:2; 39:6). Josephus identifies the Magogites with the Scythians (Ant., I, vi, 1). From a resemblance between the names Gog and Gyges (Gugu), king of Lydia, some have suggested that Magog is Lydia; others, however, urge that Magog is probably only a variant of Gog (Sayce in HDB). In the Apocalypse of John, Gog and Magog represent all the heathen opponents of Messiah (Re 20:8), and in this sense these names frequently recur in Jewish apocalyptic literature.
John A. Lees
Magog
Region of Gog, the second of the “sons” of Japheth (Gen. 10:2; 1 Chr. 1:5). In Ezekiel (38:2; 39:6) it is the name of a nation, probably some Scythian or Tartar tribe descended from Japheth. They are described as skilled horsemen, and expert in the use of the bow. The Latin father Jerome says that this word denotes “Scythian nations, fierce and innumerable, who live beyond the Caucasus and the Lake Maeotis, and near the Caspian Sea, and spread out even onward to India.” Perhaps the name “represents the Assyrian Mat Gugi, or ‘country of Gugu,’ the Gyges of the Greeks” (Sayce’s Races, etc.).
(region of Gog). In (Genesis 10:2) Magog appears as the second son of Japheth; in (Ezekiel 38:2; 39:1,6) it appears as a country or people of which Gog was the prince. The notices of Magog would lead us to fix a northern locality: it is expressly stated by Ezekiel that "he was to come up from the sides of the north," (Ezekiel 39:2) from a country adjacent to that of Togarmah or Armenia, ch. 58:6 and not far from "the isles" or maritime regions of Europe. ch. (Ezekiel 39:6) The people of Magog further appear as having a force of cavalry, (Ezekiel 38:16) and as armed with the bow. ch. (
See GOG.
מָדַי (Maday) refers to the Medes or Media, a people descended from Japheth, mentioned in Genesis 10:2. The term denotes both the people and their territory, described as located northwest of Persia and surrounding the Caspian Sea. The name is derived from the concept of 'middle land.' Brown-Driver-Briggs and other lexicons agree on these definitions without notable disagreement.
מָדַי n.pr.gent. et terr. Medes, Media
people, as ‘son’ of Japhet
of land alone = Media
base
H4074 מָדַי Medes, Media
4074 Maday maw-dah'-ee
of foreign derivation; Madai, a country of central
Asia:--Madai, Medes, Media.
מָדַי (ma.day) — Madai.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494)
§ Media or Medes or Madai = "middle land"
1) a people descended from the son of Japheth and who inhabited the territory of Media
2) land inhabited by the descendants of Japheth; located northwest of Persia proper, south and southwest of the Caspian Sea, east of Armenia and Assyria, and west and northwest of the great salt desert of Iram
מָדַי (ma.day) — Media.
§ Media = "middle land"
Land inhabited by the descendants of Japheth; located northwest of Persia proper, south and southwest of the Caspian Sea, east of Armenia and Assyria, and west and northwest of the great salt desert of Iram
מָדַי (ma.day) — Mede.
also called Mede frequently
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
mad'-a-i, ma'-di (madhay).
See MEDES.
Madai
Middle land, the third “son” of Japheth (Gen. 10:2), the name by which the Medes are known on the Assyrian monuments.
(middle land), (Genesis 10:2) is usually called the third son of Japhet, and the progenitor of the Medes; but probably all that is intended is that the Medes, as well as the Gomerites, Greeks, Tabareni, Moschi, etc., descended from Japhet.
The third son of Japheth, ancestor of the Medes, etc., Ge 10:2.
יָוָן (yavan) refers to Javan, a son of Japheth mentioned in Genesis 10:2, and denotes the region of Greece or Ionia, as well as the descendants of Javan, known as Ionians. The term captures both a historical figure and a geographical location, emphasizing the connection between the ancient people and their territory.
יָוָן n.pr.gent. Ionia(ns), Greece
base
H3120 יָוָן Ionia(ns), Greece
3120 Yavan yaw-vawn'
probably from the same as 3196; effervescing (i.e. hot and
active); Javan, the name of a son of Joktan, and of the race
(Ionians, i.e. Greeks) descended from him, with their
territory; also of a place in Arabia:--Javan.
see HEBREW for 03196
יָוָן (ya.van) — Javan.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494);
father of: Elishah (H0473), Tarshish (H8659), Kittim (H3794) and Dodanim (H1721); also called Greek at Jol.3.6 + NT.
§ Javan = "Ionia" or "Greece"
1) a son of Japheth and grandson of Noah
2) Greece, Ionia, Ionians
2a) location of descendants of Javan
יָוָן (ya.van) — Greece.
§ Javan = "Ionia" or "Greece"
1) Greece, Ionia, Ionians
2) location of descendants of Javan
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ja'-van (yawan, meaning unknown):
(1) In Ge 10:2,4 = 1Ch 1:5,7 Septuagint Iouan); Isa 66:19; Eze 27:13 Septuagint Hellas, Greece); Da 8:21 m; 10:20; 11:2; Zec 9:13; Joe 3:6 (Hebrew 4:6) Septuagint hoi Hellenes, i.e. "Greeks"), "son" of Japheth, and "father" of Elisha, Tars, Kittim, and Rodarim, i.e. Rhodes (incorrectly "Dodanim" in Ge 10:4). Javan is the Greek Iaon or Ia(v)on, and in Ge and 1Ch = the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, probably here = Cyprus. The…
Javan
(1.) The fourth “son” of Japheth (Gen. 10:2), whose descendants settled in Greece, i.e., Ionia, which bears the name of Javan in Hebrew. Alexander the Great is called the “king of Javan” (rendered “Grecia,” Dan. 8:21; 10:20; comp. 11:2; Zech. 9:13). This word was universally used by the nations of the East as the generic name of the Greek race.
(2.) A town or district of Arabia Felix, from which the Syrians obtained iron, cassia, and calamus (Ezek. 27:19).
(clay). A son of Japheth. (Genesis 10:2,4) Javan was regarded as the representative of the Greek race. The name was probably introduced into Asia by the Phoenicians, to whom the Ionians were naturally better known than any other of the Hellenic races, on account of their commercial activity and the high prosperity of their towns on the western coast of Asia Minor. A town in the souther part of Arabia (Yemen), whither the Phoenicians traded. (Ezekiel 27:19)
The fourth son of Japheth, Ge 10:2,4. This name is the same as the Greek Ion, whence comes Ionia, and it is understood that Javan was the ancestor of the Greeks. See GREECE.
תּוּבַל (Tuwbal) refers to a postdiluvian patriarch, the son of Japheth, and also denotes a region in eastern Asia Minor, possibly equivalent to Cappadocia. The name is associated with the meaning "thou shall be brought." The entries consistently identify Tubal as both a person and a geographical location.
תּוּבַל n.pr.terr. et gent. in E. Asia Minor, perh. nearly = Cappadocia
base
H8422 תּוּבַל in E. Asia Minor, perh. nearly = Cappadocia
8422 Tuwbal too-bal'
or Tubal {too-bal'}; probably of foreign derivation; Tubal, a
postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity:--Tubal.
תּוּבַל (tu.val) — Tubal.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494)
§ Tubal = "thou shall be brought"
1) son of Japheth and grandson of Noah
n pr terr
2) a region in east Asia Minor
2a) perhaps nearly equal to Cappadocia
תּוּבַל (tu.val) — Tubal.
§ Tubal = "thou shall be brought"
a region in east Asia Minor
perhaps nearly equal to Cappadocia
תּוּבַל (tu.val) — (Meshech)-Tubal.
Combined with me.shekh (מֶ֫שֶׁךְ "Meshech" H4902I)
§ Tubal = "thou shall be brought"
a region in east Asia Minor
perhaps nearly equal to Cappadocia
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
tu'-bal (tubhal, tubhal; Septuagint Thobel, Codex Alexandrinus in Eze 39:1, Thober): As the text stands, Tubal and Meshech are always coupled, except in Isa 66:19 (Massoretic Text) and Ps 120:5. In the former passage Tubal is yoked with Javan; in the latter Meshech occurs in 120:5 and Kedar in 120:6. In Ge 10:2 parallel, they are sons of Japheth. In Ezekiel (27:13) the two are mentioned as exporters of slaves and copper, as a warlike people of antiquity (32:26), in the army of Gog (38:2 ff; 39:1). Josephus identifies them with the Iberians and Cappadocians respectively; but they are most probably the Tibarenoi, and Moschoi, first mentioned in Herodotus iii.94 as belonging…
Tubal
(1.) The fifth son of Japheth (Gen. 10:2).
(2.) A nation, probably descended from the son of Japheth. It is mentioned by Isaiah (66:19), along with Javan, and by Ezekiel (27:13), along with Meshech, among the traders with Tyre, also among the confederates of Gog (Ezek. 38:2, 3; 39:1), and with Meshech among the nations which were to be destroyed (32:26). This nation was probably the Tiberini of the Greek historian Herodotus, a people of the Asiatic highland west of the Upper Euphrates, the southern range of the Caucasus, on the east of the Black Sea.
is reckoned with Javan and Meshech among the sons of Japheth. (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:5) The three are again associated in the enumeration of the sources of the wealth of Tyre. (Ezekiel 27:13) Tubal and Javan, (Isaiah 68:19) Meshech and Tubal, (Ezekiel 32:26; 38:2,3; 39:1) are nations of the north. (Ezekiel 38:15; 39:2) Josephus identified the descendants of Tubal with the Iberians, that is, the inhabitants of a tract of country between the Caspian and Euxine Seas, which nearly corresponded to the modern Georgia.
מֶ֫שֶׁךְ (Meshek) refers to a figure from the Old Testament, specifically a son of Japheth, who is associated with northern nations including the Moschi. The entries indicate that Meshech is linked to the descendants of Japheth and is often mentioned alongside other nations such as Tubal and Magog. The name is thought to mean 'drawing out,' but the lexicons do not provide further details on its derivation.
מֶ֫שֶׁךְ n.pr.gent. the Moschi;—‘son’ of Japeth
base
H4902 מֶ֫שֶׁךְ the Moschi
4902 Meshek meh'-shek
the same in form as 4901, but probably of foreign derivation;
Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from
him:--Mesech, Meshech.
see HEBREW for 04901
מֶ֫שֶׁךְ (me.shekh) — Meshech.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422) and Tiras (H8494)
§ Mesech or Meshech = "drawing out"
1) son of Japheth, grandson of Noah, and progenitor of peoples to the north of Israel
1a) descendants of Mesech often mentioned in connection with Tubal, Magog, and other northern nations including the Moschi, a people on the borders of Colchis and Armenia
מֶ֫שֶׁךְ (me.shekh) — Meshech.
§ Mesech or Meshech = "drawing out"
descendants of Mesech often mentioned in connection with Tubal, Magog, and other northern nations including the Moschi, a people on the borders of Colchis and Armenia
מֶ֫שֶׁךְ (me.shekh) — Meshech.
§ Mesech or Meshech = "drawing out"
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Meshech
Drawing out, the sixth son of Japheth (Gen. 10:2), the founder of a tribe (1 Chr. 1:5; Ezek. 27:13; 38:2,3). They were in all probability the Moschi, a people inhabiting the Moschian Mountains, between the Black and the Caspian Seas. In Ps. 120:5 the name occurs as simply a synonym for foreigners or barbarians. “During the ascendency of the Babylonians and Persians in Western Asia, the Moschi were subdued; but it seems probable that a large number of them crossed the Caucasus range and spread over the northern steppes, mingling with the Scythians. There they became known as Muscovs, and gave that name to the Russian nation and its ancient capital by which they are…
who is drawn by force
תִּירָ֑ס (Tiyrac) refers to Tiras, a son of Japheth, mentioned in Genesis 10:2. He is noted as a brother to several other figures, including Gomer and Magog. The name is possibly derived from a foreign source and is associated with the meaning 'desire'.
תִּירָ֑ס n.pr.terr. et gent. ‘son’ of Japhet
base
H8494 תִּירָ֑ס ‘son’ of Japhet
8494 Tiyrac tee-rawce'
probably of foreign derivation; Tiras, a son of
Japheth:--Tiras.
תִּירָ֑ס (ti.ras) — Tiras.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Gomer (H1586), Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422) and Meshech (H4902)
§ Tiras = "desire"
son of Japheth and grandson of Noah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ti'-ras (tirac; Theiras, Lucian Thiras): A son of Japheth (Ge 10:2 (P); 1Ch 1:5). Not mentioned elsewhere; this name was almost unanimously taken by the ancient commentators (so Josephus, Ant, I, vi, 1) to be the same as that of the Thracians (Thrakes); but the removal of the nominative ending -s does away with this surface resemblance. Tuch was the first to suggest the Tursenioi, a race of Pelasgian pirates, who left many traces of their ancient power in the islands and coasts of the Aegean, and who were doubtless identical with the Etruscans of Italy. This brilliant suggestion has since been confirmed by the discovery of the name Turusa among the seafaring peoples who invaded Egypt in the reign of Merenptah (W.M. Muller, AE, 356 ff). Tiras has also been regarded as the same as…
Tiras
The youngest of the sons of Japheth (Gen. 10:2; 1 Chr. 1:5).
A son of Japeth, supposed to have been the forefather of the ancient Thracians, Ge 10:2.