Ezekiel 38:6 — Word Study
WLCגֹּ֚מֶר וְכָל־ אֲגַפֶּ֔יהָ בֵּ֚ית תּֽוֹגַרְמָ֔ה יַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפ֖וֹן וְאֶת־ כָּל־ אֲגַפָּ֑יו עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אִתָּֽךְ׃
BSA[as well as] GomerGômer [a nation of complete unity] with allkôl [every single one] its troopsʼaggâph and Beth-togarmahbayith [the house of Togarmah, a distant northern region] from the faryᵉrêkâh [uttermost parts of the] northtsâphôwn with allkôl [every single one] its troopsʼaggâph the manyrab [numerous, a multitude of] nationsʻam [peoples, ethnic groups] with youʼêth [in close association, accompanying]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| גֹּ֚מֶר | Gomer | Noun proper |
| וְכָל־ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֲגַפֶּ֔יהָ | troops its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| בֵּ֚ית | Beth | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| תּֽוֹגַרְמָ֔ה | Togarmah | Noun proper |
| יַרְכְּתֵ֥י | [the] remotest parts of | Noun common, feminine dual construct |
| צָפ֖וֹן | [the] north | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֲגַפָּ֑יו | troops its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עַמִּ֥ים | peoples | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| רַבִּ֖ים | many | Adj |
| אִתָּֽךְ׃ | [will be] with you | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you. |
| KJV | Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee. |
| ASV | Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes; even many peoples with thee. |
| YLT | Gomer and all its bands, The house of Togarmah of the sides of the north, And all its bands, many peoples with thee, |
| WEB | Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes—even many peoples with you. |
| BBE | Gomer and all her forces; the people of Togarmah in the inmost parts of the north, with all his forces: a great number of peoples with you. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of גֹּ֚מֶר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence structure combines multiple noun phrases to convey the coalition's composition and strength.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 38:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy of Ezekielgenerated
Ezekiel 38:6 describes a coalition of nations that will come together in the latter days, including Gomer and Beth-togarmah. This passage is part of a larger prophetic vision where Ezekiel speaks of future conflicts and alliances involving Israel. The mention of these nations indicates a significant military alliance that poses a threat to God's people, reflecting the geopolitical landscape of the time.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 10:2 | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 1:5 | The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. |
| 3 | Ezekiel 27:14 | The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. |
| 4 | Genesis 10:3 | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 1:6 | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גֹּ֚מֶר, Go.mergenerated
The name גֹּ֚מֶר (Go.mer) refers to both a male figure, the son of Japheth, and a female figure, the unfaithful wife of Hosea. The root meaning of the name is 'completion,' indicating a sense of wholeness or unity. In this context, Gomer represents a nation that is part of a larger coalition, suggesting a unified military force.
The significance of Gomer in this verse lies in its representation of a complete and powerful entity, contributing to the military strength of the coalition described by Ezekiel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause of the verse centers around the subject of the nations joining together, with the phrase גֹּ֚מֶר as a key component. The structure emphasizes the coalition of nations through a series of noun phrases that detail each entity involved.
The Hebrew syntax places the focus on the nations and their military forces, illustrating the collective strength of the coalition as they are described in a list format.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גֹּ֚מֶר as γομερ, maintaining the proper name without alteration. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, indicating continuity in the identification of the nations.
The LXX does not expand on the term but retains the original meaning, suggesting a direct connection between the Hebrew text and its Greek interpretation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 38:6 lists Gomer and Beth-togarmah as part of a coalition of nations that will come against Israel. Gomer is identified as a nation, and the verse emphasizes the military strength of these groups, indicating a significant threat to God's people.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Gomer is a nation represented in Ezekiel's prophecy, identified as part of a coalition that poses a military threat.
The term 'troops' indicates the military forces associated with Gomer, emphasizing the strength of the coalition.
These nations are significant as they illustrate the geopolitical alliances that will form against Israel, as foretold in prophecy.
Beth-togarmah represents another nation in the coalition, further highlighting the collective military might against Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the nature of alliances from this passage?
- How does the concept of unity among nations apply today?
- In what ways does this prophecy reflect God's sovereignty over history?
- How can we prepare for challenges that arise from external threats, as depicted in this verse?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 38:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleGomer, and all his bands,.... Or all his army, as the Targum.
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 38 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryGomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee. Gomer - the Celtic Cimmerians of Crim-Tartary. Togarmah - the Armenians of the Caucasus, south of Iberia.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 38 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleGomer; inhabitants of Galatia, called formerly Gallograeci, Phrygians, and Bithynians, also these descended of Gomer. Togarmah; Paphlagonia and Cappadocia: see . Of the north quarters: it might be read in apposition, and leave out of, so it will bring in many more to assist Gog; beside all those mentioned, the more northern people, the numerous Tartars, shall with all their bands fight for Gag. Many people; great, and mighty of stature, and strength, and courage, as well as many in numbers.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 38 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 38:6 Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: [and] many people with thee.Ver. 6. Gomer, and all his bands.] The Cimbrians or Cimmerians, saith Melanchthon; the Galatians, saith Theodoret. The house of Togarmah.] The Phrygians, as some; the Armenians, as others will. Of antichrist’ s great power, see Revelation 9:1-20; Revelation 20:8. See on Ezekiel 27:14.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 38 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) Gomer . . . Togarmah.—Again the address turns to the extreme north. Gomer, like Magog, a people descended from Japheth (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:5), is identified with the Cimmerians; and for the house of Togarmah, the Armenians, see Note on 27:14. In the last clause of the verse, people should be in the plural. This was to be a general gathering of the strength of the world against the Church of God.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 38 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 6. Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah] The Cimmerians and Turcomanians, and other northern nations.-Calmet.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 38 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. Cf. Ezekiel 27:14; Genesis 10:2. His “bands,” Ezekiel 12:14. north quarters] lit. sides of the north, i.e. the furthest north, Isaiah 14:13. Gomer, Assyr. Gimir, is usually identified in name with the Kimmerians. Schrader (KAT. in loc.) and others understand Cappadocia.
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 38 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible6. For Gomer see note Ezekiel 38:2; for Togarmah, Ezekiel 27:14; for people read “peoples,” as also Ezekiel 38:8-9; Ezekiel 38:15; Ezekiel 38:22.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 38 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.
Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes—even many peoples with you.
as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.
They are joined by Gomer with all its troops, and by Beth Togarmah from the remote parts of the north with all its troops – many peoples are with you.
Tyndale line
Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee.
Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes; even many peoples with thee.
Gomer, and all his hordes; the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes: even many peoples with thee.
Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee.
Gomer and all his bands, and the house of Togarmah of the North quarters, and al his bands, and much people with thee.
Strictly literal
Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah from the uttermost north, and all his bands; — many peoples with thee.
Gomer and all its bands, The house of Togarmah of the sides of the north, And all its bands, many peoples with thee,
Gomer and all its bands, || The house of Togarmah [from] the sides of the north, || And all its bands, many peoples with you,
Gomer and all of its armies; the house of Thogarmah out of the farthest north, and all its armies; many people shall be with thee.
Gomer and all her troops, and Beth Togarmah, from the far parts of the north, and all its troops! Many peoples are with you!
From the Latin
Gomer, and all his bands, the house of Thogorma, the northern parts and all his strength, and many peoples with thee.
Simplified
together with Gomer and all its armies, as well as Beth-togarmah from the distant places of the north with all its armies—and many other nations that join with you.
Gomer and all her forces; the people of Togarmah in the inmost parts of the north, with all his forces: a great number of peoples with you.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement on the key terms, with the Septuagint providing a direct translation of Gomer. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain some supplied text, but the essential elements of the verse align with the Masoretic Text.
גֹּ֚מֶר וְכָל־ אֲגַפֶּ֔יהָ בֵּ֚ית תּֽוֹגַרְמָ֔ה יַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפ֖וֹן וְאֶת־ כָּל־ אֲגַפָּ֑יו עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אִתָּֽךְ׃
10 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[גמר] [וכל] [אגפי׳ה] [בית] [תוגרמה] [ירכתי] [צפון] [ואת] [כל] [אגפי׳ו] [עמים] [רבים] [את׳ך]
nothing on the leather here — 13 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 38:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גֹּ֫מֶר (Gomer) refers to both a man and a woman in the Old Testament. The male Gomer is the eldest son of Japheth and a progenitor of various peoples, while the female Gomer is the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea, symbolizing Israel's waywardness. The name itself means 'completion.'
גֹּ֫מֶר n.pr.
m. son of Japhet
f. wife of Hosea
base
H1586 גֹּ֫מֶר . son of Japhet
. wife of Hosea
1586 Gomer go'-mer
from 1584; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth
and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess:--Gomer.
see HEBREW for 01584
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494);
father of: Ashkenaz (H0813), Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Gomer = "complete"
1) the eldest son of Japheth and grandson of Noah; the progenitor of the early Cimmerians and other branches of the Celtic family
2) the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea; Hosea's relationship with her was symbolic of God's relationship with wayward Israel
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Hos.1.3;
daughter of: Diblaim (H1691); married to Hosea (H1954J);
mother of: Jezreel (H3157K), Lo-ruhamah (H3819), Lo-ammi lo am.mi (לֹא עַמִּי "Not My People" H3818))
§ Gomer = "complete"
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Gomer
Complete; vanishing. (1.) The daughter of Diblaim, who (probably in vision only) became the wife of Hosea (1:3).
(2.) The eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. 10:2, 3), whose descendants formed the principal branch of the population of South-eastern Europe. He is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Celtae and the Cimmerii, who in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. Traces of their presence are found in the names Cimmerian Bosphorus, Cimmerian Isthmus, etc. In the seventh century B.C. they were driven out of their original seat by the Scythians, and overran western Asia Minor, whence they were afterwards expelled. They subsequently reappear in the times of the Romans as the Cimbri of the north and west of…
(perfect). The eldest son of Japheth, (Genesis 10:2,3) the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri. The wife of Hosea. (Hosea 1:3)
1. Ge 10:2,3; 1Ch 1:5; Eze 38:6, a son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. He is believed to have settled the northern shores of the Black Sea, and given name to the ancient Cimmerians and to the Crimea. About 700 B. C. a part of his posterity diffused themselves in Asia Minor. Traces of his name and parentage are also found in the Cymbri, Umbri, and Cambri of historians, in Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the Welsh people and language, and among various nations of Europe.
2. A harlot whom the prophet Hosea appears to have married in prophetic vision, as directed by God, that the Jews might be led to reflect on the guilt of their spiritual uncleanness or idolatry,
to finish; complete
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֲגַף (aggaph) refers to a band or wing of an army, indicating a group or crowd of troops. It is derived from the idea of a cover or heap, and is primarily used in the plural form to describe military formations. The term appears in contexts related to armies and their organization.
[אֲגַף] n.[m.] band, army (loan-word, orig. wing of army)
base
H102 אֲגַף
102 'aggaph ag-gawf'
probably from 5062 (through the idea of impending); a cover
or heap; i.e. (only plural) wings of an army, or crowds of
troops:--bands.
see HEBREW for 05062
אֲגַף (ag.gaph) — band.
wing (of an army), band, army, hordes
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
תֹּגַרְמָה (Towgarmah) refers to a figure from the genealogy of Noah, specifically a son of Gomer, and is associated with a territory likely in southwestern Armenia. The name is interpreted as meaning 'thou wilt break her.' The entries consistently identify Togarmah as both a person and a region settled by his descendants.
תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה n.pr.terr. it lay in (SW.) Armenia
base
H8425 תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה
8425 Towgarmah to-gar-maw'
or Togarmah {to-gar-maw'}; probably of foreign derivation;
Togarmah, a son of Gomer and his posterity:--Togarmah.
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — Togarmah.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Riphath (H7384A)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
1) son of Gomer, grandson of Japheth, and great grandson of Noah
n pr terr
2) territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
2a) probably the area known as Armenia
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — (Beth)-togarmah.
Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת ", Beth-" H1004I)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
probably the area known as Armenia
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
to-gar'-ma (~togharmah]; Thorgama, Thergama, Thurgama, Thurgaba; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Thorgoma):
1. Its Forms: A Suggested Identification:
The 3rd son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth, his brothers being Ashkenaz and Riphath (Ge 10:3). The meaning of the name is doubtful. Grimm (Gesch. deutsch. Sprache, II, 325) suggests Sanskr. toka, "tribe," and arma = Armenia. Etymological and other difficulties stand in the way of French Delitzsch's identification of Togarmah with the Assyrian Til-garimmu, "hill of Garimmu," or, possibly, "of the bone-heap," a fortress of Melitene, on the borders of Tabal (Tubal).
2. Probably Armenia or a Tract Connected Therewith:
In Eze 27:14 Togarmah is mentioned after Tubal, Javan and Mesech as supplying horses and mules to the…
Togarmah
(1.) A son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth (Gen. 10:3).
(2.) A nation which traded in horses and mules at the fairs of Tyre (Ezek. 27:14; 38:6); probably an Armenian or a Scythian race; descendants of (1).
a son of Gomer, of the family of Japheth, and brother of Ashkenaz and Riphath. (Genesis 10:3) His descendants became a people engaged in agriculture, breeding horses and mules to be sold in Tyre. (Ezekiel 27:14) They were also a military people, well skilled in the use of arms. Togarmah was probably the ancient name of Armenia.
יַרְכָה (yrekah) refers to the flank or side, often indicating extreme parts or recesses. It is a feminine form of a related word and is used figuratively to denote borders or sides. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to physical sides and recesses, without significant disagreement among lexicons.
[יַרְכָה, or יְרֵכָה] flank, side, du. extreme parts, recesses
base
H3411 [יַרְכָה, or יְרֵכָה] flank, side, du. extreme parts, recesses
3411 yrekah yer-ay-kaw'
feminine of 3409; properly, the flank; but used only
figuratively, the rear or recess:--border, coast, part,
quarter, side.
see HEBREW for 03409
יַרְכָה (ye.re.khah) — flank.
1) flank, side, extreme parts, recesses
1a) side
1b) sides, recesses (dual)
Aramaic equivalent: yar.kah (יַרְכָא "thigh" H3410)
N-fd — Noun common · feminine dual constructHNcfdc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
צָפוֹן (tsaphown) means 'north' and is derived from a root meaning 'hidden' or 'dark.' It is used specifically to refer to the northern direction, often associated with gloominess and the unknown. The term also appears in the context of a name, 'Zaphon,' which similarly denotes the north.
צָפוֹן 153 n.f. north (as the hidden, dark)
base
H6828 צָפוֹן north
6828 tsaphown tsaw-fone'
or tsaphon {tsaw-fone'}; from 6845; properly, hidden, i.e.
dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and
unknown):--north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).
see HEBREW for 06845
צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — north.
1) north (of direction), northward
1a) north
1b) northward
צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — Zaphon.
This name means north
Also named: tsa.phon (צָפוֹן "Zaphon" H6829)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
See EAST. The Babylonians and Assyrians are represented as coming from "the north," because they invaded Israel by a northern route in order to avoid the desert, Jer 1:14 46:6,24 Zep 2:13. "Fair weather," says Job, or golden weather, "cometh out of the north," Job 37:22. This is as true in Syria and Arabia now as it was three thousand years ago. A traveler there remarks, "Our friends, who have been long residents, informed us that we should have fair weather for our start on the morrow, as the wind was from the north."
"... And so we have found it come to pass that the clouds of a golden hue always followed upon a north wind, and indicated a clear day; and as in the times of the Savior, we could always say when it was evening…
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֲגַף (aggaph) refers to a band or wing of an army, indicating a group or crowd of troops. It is derived from the idea of a cover or heap, and is primarily used in the plural form to describe military formations. The term appears in contexts related to armies and their organization.
[אֲגַף] n.[m.] band, army (loan-word, orig. wing of army)
base
H102 אֲגַף
102 'aggaph ag-gawf'
probably from 5062 (through the idea of impending); a cover
or heap; i.e. (only plural) wings of an army, or crowds of
troops:--bands.
see HEBREW for 05062
אֲגַף (ag.gaph) — band.
wing (of an army), band, army, hordes
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAampa
MANY, adjective men'ny.
1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.
Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17:4.
Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1:26.
MANY are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:12.
It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.
As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.
So many laws argue so many sins.
It is followed by as.
As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34:1.
It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene.
2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.
MANY, noun men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.
O thou fond many
The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.
The Hebrew word אֵת (eth) is a preposition indicating nearness or proximity, often translated as 'with' or 'near.' It conveys a sense of companionship or association, distinguishing itself from similar terms by expressing closer relationships. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including possession and memory, but do not provide specific verse references.
אֵת, prep. with—prep. denoting proximity
Of companionship, together with
Of localities
אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially
in one's possession or keeping
in one's knowledge or memory
מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
base
H854 אֵת with—prep. denoting proximity . Of companionship, together with
. Of localities
. אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially . in one's possession or keeping
. in one's knowledge or memory
. מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
854 'eth ayth
probably from 579; properly, nearness (used only as a
preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by,
at, among, etc.:--against, among, before, by, for, from,
in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional
prefix.
see HEBREW for 0579
אֵת (et) — with.
1) with, near, together with
1a) with, together with
1b) with (of relationship)
1c) near (of place)
1d) with (poss.)
1e) from...with, from (with other prep)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2ms