Ezekiel 6:6 — Word Study
WLCבְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם הֶעָרִ֣ים תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה לְמַעַן֩ יֶחֶרְב֨וּ וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִמְח֖וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃
BSAWhereverkôl you livemôwshâb [in all your dwellingplaces] the citiesʻîyr [towns, populated areas] will be laid wastechârab▸ [desolate, destroyed] and the high placesbâmâh [elevations, cultic platforms] will be demolishedyâsham▸ [torn down, thrown down] so thatmaʻan your altarsmizbêach [places of sacrifice, worship] will be laid wastechârab▸ [desecrated, made unclean] and desecratedʼâsham▸ [made profane, defiled] your idolsgillûwl [false gods, images] smashedshâbar [broken, shattered] and obliteratedshâbath [completely destroyed, cut off] your incense altarschammân [places of fragrant offering] cut downgâdaʻ [hewn down, knocked down] and your worksmaʻăseh [deeds, actions] blotted outmâchâh [erased, abolished]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּכֹל֙ | in all | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם | dwelling places your | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| הֶעָרִ֣ים | the cities | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה | they will be waste | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת | and the high places | Conjunction, particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה | they will be desolate | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person feminine plural |
| לְמַעַן֩ | so that | Particle |
| יֶחֶרְב֨וּ | they may be waste | Verb, Qal, jussive third person masculine plural |
| וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ | and they may be held guilty | Conjunction, verb qal third person masculine plural |
| מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם | altars your | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ | and they will be shattered | Verb, Niphal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ | and they will cease | Verb, Niphal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם | idols your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ | and they will be cut down | Verb, Niphal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם | incense altars your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְנִמְח֖וּ | and they will be wiped out | Verb, Niphal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃ | products your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Wherever you live, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be demolished, so that your altars will be laid waste and desecrated, your idols smashed and obliterated, your incense altars cut down, and your works blotted out. |
| KJV | In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished. |
| ASV | In all your dwelling-places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your sun-images may be hewn down, and your works may be abolished. |
| YLT | In all your dwellings the cities are laid waste, And the high places are desolate, So that waste and desolate are your altars, And broken and ceased have your idols, And cut down have been your images, And blotted out have been your works. |
| WEB | In all your dwelling places, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be desolate, so that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your incense altars may be cut down, and your works may be abolished. |
| BBE | In all your living-places the towns will become broken walls, and the high places made waste; so that your altars may be broken down and made waste, and your images broken and ended, and so that your sun-images may be cut down and your works rubbed out. |
Where they part company is תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence contains a main clause followed by several subordinate clauses that detail the destruction and its purpose.






7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָרֵב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 6:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy of Destructiongenerated
Ezekiel 6:6 depicts a dire warning from God regarding the fate of Israel's cities and places of worship. The Lord declares that wherever the Israelites dwell, their cities will be laid waste, and their high places will be demolished as a consequence of their idolatry. This serves as a reminder of the seriousness of turning away from God and the dire consequences that follow, as seen in other prophetic texts such as Jeremiah 9:19 and Isaiah 6:11.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 6:11 | Then I asked: “How long, O Lord?” And He replied: “Until the cities lie ruined and without inhabitant, until the houses are left unoccupied and the land is desolate and ravaged, |
| 2 | Jeremiah 9:19 | For the sound of wailing is heard from Zion: ‘How devastated we are! How great is our shame! For we have abandoned the land because our dwellings have been torn down.’” |
| 3 | Zephaniah 3:7 | I said, ‘Surely you will fear Me and accept correction.’ Then her dwelling place would not be cut off despite all for which I punished her. But they rose early to corrupt all their deeds. |
| 4 | Ezekiel 5:14 | I will make you a ruin and a disgrace among the nations around you, in the sight of all who pass by. |
| 5 | Isaiah 24:1–12 | Behold, the LORD lays waste the earth and leaves it in ruins. He will twist its surface and scatter its inhabitants— |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 29 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה, te.che.Rav.nahgenerated
The verb חָרֵב (charab) means 'to lay waste' or 'to destroy.' It can refer to both physical desolation and metaphorical destruction, indicating a complete ruin. In this context, it emphasizes the totality of the destruction that will come upon the cities and places of worship.
The parsing as an imperfect third person feminine plural indicates that the action is ongoing and affects multiple subjects, reinforcing the idea that the destruction will be widespread and thorough.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה governs the verse, indicating the action of destruction. The sentence structure includes several phrases that detail what will be destroyed and the reasons behind it, creating a complex but cohesive statement.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the cities and high places first, highlighting the focal point of the destruction before elaborating on the consequences for the altars and idols.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה with ἐχερημωθήσονται, which suggests a similar meaning of being laid waste but may carry a nuance of abandonment. This choice reflects the translators' interpretation of the severity of the destruction.
The use of ὑψηλὰ for בָּמָה indicates a focus on the high places, aligning with the original Hebrew meaning but also emphasizing their elevated status as places of worship.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 6:6 warns that wherever the Israelites live, their cities will be destroyed, and their places of worship will be desecrated. This prophecy emphasizes the consequences of their idolatry, showing that their altars and idols will be obliterated.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that the cities will be completely destroyed and left desolate, with no inhabitants or signs of life.
The high places were sites of idol worship, and their destruction signifies God's judgment against the idolatry of the Israelites.
They will be desecrated and destroyed, indicating that the worship practices associated with them will come to an end.
This prophecy serves as a warning about the consequences of turning away from God and the seriousness of idolatry.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I identify areas in my life where I may be placing something above God?
- How does understanding the consequences of idolatry help me in my daily decisions?
- What steps can I take to ensure that my worship is directed solely to God?
- How can I support others in recognizing and removing idols from their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, emphasizing the destruction of cities and high places as a warning against idolatry.
The cities shall be deserted, and the lofty places shall be demolished; and your altars shall be scattered and your idols shall cease, and your temples shall be broken down and your works shall be destroyed.Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 6 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 6:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleIn all your dwelling places your cities shall be laid waste,.... Which denotes that the desolation should be general, wherever they had cities and places to dwell in; the idolatry being universal, as
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 6 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryIn all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 6 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMountains and hills with their altars were doomed, now the cities that were of less note than Jerusalem seem particularly to be threatened, because they were idolatrous; according to the number of cities were there gods, . High places and altars set up to the honour of those idols shall be laid waste, and the idols of those lesser cities shall be utterly destroyed. The images or statues that were usually fastened on some pedestal, somewhat high, shall be cut down; and all your costly works for idols, and your pompous preparation for them, shall, with your cities, be abolished for ever, as your sins and abominations deserve.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 6 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 6:6 In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.Ver. 6. In all your dwelling places.] Omnia everram et evertam funditus. I will turn all topsy-turvy. Your works shall be abolished.] Those toilsome toys, your idols and monuments of idolatry. This the prophet telleth them again and again, that he might waken them, and work them to repentance.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 6 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) May be abolished.—The word abolished is a strong one, meaning utterly obliterated, wiped out. This was what Israel should have done to the nations who inhabited Canaan before them; they and their works should have been so utterly blotted out that no temptations from them should have remained. But Israel had failed to observe the Divine command, and now in turn their works, done in imitation of the guilty nations they had supplanted, must be blotted out.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 6 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. your works] the works of your hands, the idols. All the cumulative phrases in the verse are wanting in LXX. viz. “and made desolate,” “and cease,” “and your works may be abolished.” The term “abolished” is lit. “blotted out.” The rendering “made desolate” is probably right, though as spelled the word might mean “suffer” or “be punished,” R.V. marg., “bear their guilt.” The apparatus of worship in the prophet’s time comprehended (1) the high place, the general name for the sanctuary, which might be a building of various degrees of simplicity or splendour, or perhaps a mere tent; (2) the altar, an essential of course of every high place; (3) the obelisk or sun-pillar, and (4) the idol…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 6 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible6. Your works may be abolished — Literally, blotted out. These heathen high places, altars, obelisks, and idols are all described as the works of their own hands (Isaiah 2:8; Isaiah 44:17; Hosea 8:6).
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 6 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Wherever you live, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be demolished, so that your altars will be laid waste and desecrated, your idols smashed and obliterated, your incense altars cut down, and your works blotted out.
In all your dwelling places, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be desolate, so that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your incense altars may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
Wherever you live, the cities will be laid waste and the high places will be demolished, so that your altars will be laid waste and desecrated, your idols smashed and obliterated, your incense altars cut down, and your works blotted out.
In all your dwellings, the cities will be laid waste and the high places ruined so that your altars will be laid waste and ruined, your idols will be shattered and demolished, your incense altars will be broken down, and your works wiped out.
Tyndale line
In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
In all your dwelling-places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your sun-images may be hewn down, and your works may be abolished.
In all your dwelling places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your sun-images may be hewn down, and your works may be abolished.
In all your dwelling-places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
In all your dwelling places the cities shalbe desolate, and the hie places shalbe laide waste, so that your altars shalbe made waste and desolate, and your idoles shalbe broken, and cease, and your images of the sunne shalbe cut in pieces, and your workes shalbe abolished.
Strictly literal
In all your dwelling-places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your sun-images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
In all your dwellings the cities are laid waste, And the high places are desolate, So that waste and desolate are your altars, And broken and ceased have your idols, And cut down have been your images, And blotted out have been your works.
In all your dwellings the cities are laid waste, || And the high places are desolate, || So that your altars are dry and desolate, || Your idols have broken and ceased, || And your images have been cut down, || And your works have been blotted out.
In all your dwelling-places the cities shall be laid in ruins, and the high-places shall be made desolate; in order that your altars may be laid in ruins and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and annihilated, and your sun-images may be cut down, and your works may be blotted out.
Everywhere you live, cities will be laid waste and the high places ruined, so that your altars will be laid waste and made desolate. Then they will be broken and disappear, your pillars will be cut down and your works will be wiped away.
From the Latin
In all your dwelling places. The cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be thrown down, and destroyed, and your altars shall be abolished, and shall be broken in pieces: and your idols shall be no more, and your temples shall be destroyed, and your works shall be defaced.
Simplified
Everywhere you live, the towns will be turned into rubble and the high places torn down. Your altars will be demolished and defiled. Your idols will be smashed and completely destroyed. Your incense altars will be knocked down, and all that you made will be ruined.
In all your living-places the towns will become broken walls, and the high places made waste; so that your altars may be broken down and made waste, and your images broken and ended, and so that your sun-images may be cut down and your works rubbed out.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the overall message of destruction, with 13 of the 17 words matched. This consistency highlights the core prophetic warning against idolatry and its consequences.
בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם הֶעָרִ֣ים תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה לְמַעַן֩ יֶחֶרְב֨וּ וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִמְח֖וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃
13 of the 17 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 6:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) refers to a seat or dwelling-place, encompassing meanings such as assembly, location, and the act of dwelling. It can denote both a physical site and an abstract concept of a session or time of dwelling. The word suggests a community of dwellers or those who sit together.
מוֹשָׁב n.m. seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
seat
sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
alm. = abstr. dwelling
= house
situation of city; location of image
time of dwelling
coll. = those dwelling
base
H4186 מוֹשָׁב seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers . . seat
. sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
. . dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
. alm. = abstr. dwelling
. = house
. situation of city; location of image
. time of dwelling
. coll. = those dwelling
4186 mowshab mo-shawb'
or moshab {mo-shawb'}; from 3427; a seat; figuratively, a
site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place
or the time); by implication, population:--assembly, dwell
in, dwelling(-place), wherein (that) dwelt (in), inhabited
place, seat, sitting, situation, sojourning.
see HEBREW for 03427
מוֹשָׁב (mo.shav) — seat.
1) seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
1a) seat, sitting, those sitting, sitting company or assembly
1b) dwelling place, dwelling
1c) situation, location
1d) time of dwelling
1e) those dwelling, dweller
N-mp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp2mp
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
חָרֵב (charab) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to dryness and destruction. It can refer to being dry or dried up, as well as to making something waste or desolate. Additionally, it can mean to attack or slay. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical desiccation to metaphorical desolation, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
[חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up
Qal be dry, dried up
Pu. of fresh bow-strings
Hiph. of י׳ drying up rivers
base
[חָרֵב] be waste, desolate
Qal be waste, desolate
Niph. as adj., desolate city
Hiph. lay waste, make desolate
Hoph. she is laid waste
base
[חָרַב] vb. (Aram. and rare) attack, smite down
Qal attack
Niph. the kings have attacked one another, fought together
Hoph. 2 K 3:23
base
H2717a חָרֵב be dry, dried up H2717b חָרֵב be waste, desolate H2717c חָרַב attack, smite down
2717 charab khaw-rab'
or chareb {khaw-rabe'}; a primitive root; to parch (through
drought) i.e. (by analogy,) to desolate, destroy, kill:--
decay, (be) desolate, destroy(-er), (be) dry (up), slay, X
surely, (lay, lie, make) waste.
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to dry.
1) to be dry, be dried up
1a) (Qal) to be dried, be dried up
1b) (Pual) to be dried
1c) (Hiphil) to dry up
1d) (Hophal) to be dried up
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to destroy.
1) to be waste, lay waste, make desolate, be desolate, be in ruins
1a) (Qal) to be waste, be desolate
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made desolate
1b2) desolate (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to lay waste, make desolate
1d) (Hophal) to be laid waste
Aramaic equivalent: cha.rav (חֲרַב "be wasted" H2718)
חָרַב (cha.rav) — to slay.
to attack, smite down, slay, fight
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
בָּמָה (bamah) refers to a 'high place' or elevation, often associated with cultic worship sites. It can denote various heights, including mountains and battlefields, and may also imply a funeral mound. The term is derived from an unused root meaning 'to be high,' indicating its connection to elevation.
בָּמָה 104 n.f. high place
high place, mountain
high places, battle-fields
high places, as places of worship
funereal mound (?)
base
H1116 בָּמָה high place
1116 bamah bam-maw'
from an unused root (meaning to be high); an
elevation:--height, high place, wave.
בָּמָה (ba.mah) — high place.
1) high place, ridge, height, bamah (technical name for cultic platform)
1a) high place, mountain
1b) high places, battlefields
1c) high places (as places of worship)
1d) funeral mound?
Conj | Art | N-fp — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Td/Ncfpa
יָשַׁם (yasham) is a primitive root meaning to be desolate or to lie waste. The entries consistently describe it as a verb in the Qal form, indicating a state of ruin or desolation.
[יָשַׁם] vb. be desolate
base
H3456 [יָשַׁם] be desolate
3456 yasham yaw-sham'
a primitive root; to lie waste:--be desolate.
יָשַׁם (ya.sham) — be desolate.
(Qal) to ruin, be desolate
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person feminine pluralHVqi2fp
des'-o-lat (very frequently in the Old Testament for shamem, and its derivatives; less frequently, charebh, and its derivatives, and other words. In the New Testament it stands for eremos (Mt 23:38; Ac 1:20; Ga 4:27) eremoo (Re 17:16), and monoo (1Ti 5:5)): From Latin de, intens., solus, alone. Several shades of meaning can be distinguished:
(1) Its primary sense is "left lonely," "forlorn," e. g. Ps 25:16, "Have mercy upon me; for I am desolate" (Hebrew yachidh, "alone"); 1Ti 5:5, "she that is a widow indeed, and…
מַ֫עַן (ma`an) is a preposition and conjunction meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of.' It conveys purpose or intent, indicating a motive or aim, and is used adverbially. The word is derived from a root meaning 'heed' or 'purpose' and appears in contexts that express reasons or intentions.
[מַ֫עַן] subst. purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן 271 prep. and conj. for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that
base
H4616 מַ֫עַן prep. and conj. for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that
4616 ma`an mah'-an
from 6030; properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only
adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim),
teleologically, in order that:--because of, to the end
(intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), + lest, that, to.
see HEBREW for 06030
מַ֫עַן (ma.an) — because.
1) purpose, intent prep
1a) for the sake of
1b) in view of, on account of
1c) for the purpose of, to the intent that, in order to conj
1d) to the end that
Prep — ParticleHTc
so (co', although the Hebrew might be pointed cewe'; Assyrian Sib'u; Septuagint Segor, Soa; Manetho, Seuechos; Latin Sevechus; Herodotus (ii. 137 ff), Sabakon): In all probability the "Sabaeo" of Herodotus, the Shabaka, who founded the Ethiopian dynasty, the XXVth of Egyptian kings. His date is given as 715-707 BC (Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 281 ff), but we may suppose that before his accession to the throne he was entitled to be designated king, as being actually regent. To this So, Hoshea, king of Israel, made an appeal for assistance to enable him to throw off the yoke of the Assyrian Shalmaneser IV (2Ki 17:3). But Hoshea's submission to So brought him no advantage, for Shalmaneser came up throughout all the land and laid siege to Samaria. Not long after the fall of Samaria, So ventured upon an eastern campaign, and…
So
(Nubian, Sabako), an Ethiopian king who brought Egypt under his sway. He was bribed by Hoshea to help him against the Assyrian monarch Shalmaneser (2 Kings 17:4). This was a return to the policy that had been successful in the reign of Jeroboam I.
"So, king of Egypt," is once mentioned in the Bible -- (2 Kings 17:4) So has been identified by different writers with the first and second kings of the Ethiopian twenty-fifth dynasty, called by Manetho, Sabakon (Shebek) and Sebichos (Shebetek).
King of Egypt, made an alliance with Hoshea king of Israel, and promised him assistance; but was unable to prevent Shalmaneser king of Assyria from taking Samaria and subverting the kingdom, B. C. 721, 2Ki 17:4. See PHARAOH.
So is believed to have been the Servetus or Sabaco II of secular history, the second king of the Ethiopian or twenty-fifth dynasty, and the predecessor of Trihakah. A singular fact has been brought to light by the recent explorations at Nineveh, corroborating the Scripture record the more forcibly, because unexpected and direct. The Bible shows that Egypt and Assyria, though remote, were often in conflict during the height of the Assyrian ruins power, and that So was at war with Shalmaneser. After war comes the treaty of peace; and as the Bible prepares us to suppose such treaties were made, the Assyrian ruins…
חָרֵב (charab) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to dryness and destruction. It can refer to being dry or dried up, as well as to making something waste or desolate. Additionally, it can mean to attack or slay. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical desiccation to metaphorical desolation, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
[חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up
Qal be dry, dried up
Pu. of fresh bow-strings
Hiph. of י׳ drying up rivers
base
[חָרֵב] be waste, desolate
Qal be waste, desolate
Niph. as adj., desolate city
Hiph. lay waste, make desolate
Hoph. she is laid waste
base
[חָרַב] vb. (Aram. and rare) attack, smite down
Qal attack
Niph. the kings have attacked one another, fought together
Hoph. 2 K 3:23
base
H2717a חָרֵב be dry, dried up H2717b חָרֵב be waste, desolate H2717c חָרַב attack, smite down
2717 charab khaw-rab'
or chareb {khaw-rabe'}; a primitive root; to parch (through
drought) i.e. (by analogy,) to desolate, destroy, kill:--
decay, (be) desolate, destroy(-er), (be) dry (up), slay, X
surely, (lay, lie, make) waste.
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to dry.
1) to be dry, be dried up
1a) (Qal) to be dried, be dried up
1b) (Pual) to be dried
1c) (Hiphil) to dry up
1d) (Hophal) to be dried up
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to destroy.
1) to be waste, lay waste, make desolate, be desolate, be in ruins
1a) (Qal) to be waste, be desolate
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made desolate
1b2) desolate (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to lay waste, make desolate
1d) (Hophal) to be laid waste
Aramaic equivalent: cha.rav (חֲרַב "be wasted" H2718)
חָרַב (cha.rav) — to slay.
to attack, smite down, slay, fight
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine pluralHVqj3mp
אָשַׁם (asham) means to offend or be guilty, covering actions like committing an offense or trespass. It can also imply suffering punishment or being declared guilty. The entries indicate that it can denote both personal guilt and the consequences of wrongdoing, with some nuances in how it is used in different grammatical forms.
אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם vb. offend, be guilty
commit an offence, a trespass, do a wrong, or an injury
be or become guilty
be held guilty, bear punishment
Niph. suffer punishment
Hiph. declare them guilty
base
H816 אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם offend, be guilty
816 'asham aw-sham'
or mashem {aw-shame'}; a primitive root; to be guilty; by
implication to be punished or perish:--X certainly, be(-come,
made) desolate, destroy, X greatly, be(-come, found, hold)
guilty, offend (acknowledge offence), trespass.
אָשַׁם (a.sham) — be guilty.
1) to offend, be guilty, trespass
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do wrong, offend, trespass, commit an offense, do injury
1a2) to be or become guilty
1a3) to be held guilty
1a4) to be incriminated
1b) (Niphal) to suffer punishment
1c) (Hiphil) to declare guilty
2) (TWOT) to be desolate, acknowledge offense
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine pluralHC/Vqu3mp
gil'-ti: In addition to the general discussion under GUILT (which see), several New Testament passages demand special notice because the word "guilty" is not used in the principal sense of blameworthy, but with one of the two lesser meanings noted above which go to make up the complete idea. In 3 of these passages the King James Version renders "guilty" and the Revised Version (British and American) gives another rendering. In Mt 26:66 the King James Version, Jesus' foes declare he is "guilty of death" (enochos, "liable to"). Here "guilty" simply means the one who is legally held, and the reference is not to the blame but to the consequence. This is a true use of the word in the lower and legal sense. It does not correspond with our higher usage, and so we have it in the Revised Version (British and American) "worthy of death." So…
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach) means 'altar' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word meaning to slay or kill, indicating its use in sacrificial contexts. The term is consistently used throughout the Old Testament to refer to places of sacrifice and worship.
מִזְבֵּחַ 401 n.m. altar
base
H4196 מִזְבֵּחַ altar
4196 mizbeach miz-bay'-akh
from 2076; an altar:--altar.
see HEBREW for 02076
מִזְבֵּחַ (miz.be.ach) — altar.
altar
N-mp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp2mp
שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, with various nuances including breaking in pieces, causing to break out (like bringing to birth), and being broken or crushed. It appears in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating active and passive meanings. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreements.
שָׁבַר 148 vb. break, break in pieces
Qal 53 break, lit.
Niph. 57 be broken
Pi. 26 shatter, break
Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart)
base
H7665 שָׁבַר break, break in pieces .break, lit.
. be broken
. shatter, break
. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
. be broken, shattered (in heart)
7665 shabar shaw-bar'
a primitive root; to burst (literally or
figuratively):--break (down, off, in pieces, up),
broken((-hearted)), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt,
quench, X quite, tear, view (by mistake for 7663).
see HEBREW for 07663
שָׁבַר (sha.var) — to break.
1) to break, break in pieces
1a) (Qal)
1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench
1a2) to break, rupture (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked
1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig)
1c) (Piel) to shatter, break
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth
1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered
Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)
Conj | V-Niphal-3cp — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/VNq3cp
שָׁבַת (shabath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or rest, often in the context of stopping work. It can also imply causing something to cease or fail, and is associated with observing the Sabbath. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, covering a range of meanings from simple cessation to destruction.
שָׁבַת 71 vb. cease, desist, rest
Qal 27
cease
desist from labour, rest
Niph. cease
Hiph.
40 cause to cease, put an end to
= exterminate, destroy
cause to desist from
remove
cause to fail, let be lacking
base
[שָׁבַת] vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
base
H7673a שָׁבַת cease, desist, rest .. cease
. desist from labour, rest
. cease
. . cause to cease, put an end to
. = exterminate, destroy
. cause to desist from
. remove
. cause to fail, let be lacking
H7673b שָׁבַת vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
7673 shabath shaw-bath'
a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used
in many implied relations (causative, figurative or
specific):--(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause
(make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave,
put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to cease.
1) to cease, desist, rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease
1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)
1b) (Niphal) to cease
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to
1c2) to exterminate, destroy
1c3) to cause to desist from
1c4) to remove
1c5) to cause to fail
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to keep.
(Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath
Conj | V-Niphal-3cp — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/VNq3cp
ses: A remarkable array of 20 Hebrew and 6 Greek words is so translated. In the King James Version 15 of the former and 3 of the latter are used only once with this rendering. The originals most frequently in use are chadhal, "to leave off"; shabhath "to rest from" (labor); pauomai, "to make to cease." Few words illustrate better the fertility of the Hebrew in expressing limitless shades of meaning, impoverished by the use of one English word. This extensive variety is, however, well expressed by "cease": i.e. stop, come to an end, e.g. ceasing of tears (Jer 14:17); work (Ezr 4:24); grinders (Ec 12:3); thunder (Ex 9:29); the wicked (
גִּלּוּל (gilluwl) refers to idols, specifically in the plural form, and implies shapeless objects like logs or blocks. The term is derived from a root meaning 'log' and is used in contexts related to idolatry.
[גִּלּוּל] n.m. only pl. idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things)
base
H1544 [גִּלּוּל] only pl. idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things)
1544 gilluwl ghil-lool'
or (shortened) gillul {ghil-lool'}; from 1556; properly, a
log (as round); by implication, an idol:--idol.
see HEBREW for 01556
גִּלּוּל (gil.lul) — idol.
idols
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2mp
גָּדַע (gada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut down or hew off. It encompasses various forms of cutting, including chopping and felling trees, and can imply destruction. The word appears in different grammatical forms, such as Qal (to hew), Niphal (to be hewn off), and Piel (to cut off).
גָּדַע vb. hew, hew down or off
Qal hew, cut in two
Niph. be hewn off
Pi. hew off, down, in two
Pu. hew down
base
H1438 גָּדַע hew, hew down or off
1438 gada` gaw-dah'
a primitive root; to fell a tree; generally, to destroy
anything:--cut (asunder, in sunder, down, off), hew down.
גָּדַע (ga.da) — to cut down/off.
1) to cut, hew, chop, cut down, hew down, hew off, cut off, cut in two, shave off
1a) (Qal) to hew, chop in two
1b) (Niphal) to be chopped off, be hewn off
1c) (Piel) to cut off or down in two, hew off or down in two
1d) (Pual) to chop down, hew down
Conj | V-Niphal-3cp — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/VNq3cp
חַמָּן (chamman) refers to a 'sun-pillar' and is associated with idolatrous worship. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to be warm' or 'to be hot.' It encompasses meanings related to idols and images, particularly in the context of worship practices.
[חַמָּן] n.m. sun-pillar, used in idolatrous worship
base
H2553 [חַמָּן] sun-pillar, used in idolatrous worship
2553 chamman kham-mawn'
from 2535; a sun-pillar:--idol, image.
see HEBREW for 02535
חַמָּן (cham.man) — pillar.
1) incense altar, sun-pillar, idol, image
1a) used in idolatrous worship
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2mp
The Hebrew word מָחָה (machah) primarily means to wipe or erase, with implications of obliteration or destruction. It can denote actions like striking or smoothing, and has various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as being wiped out or blotted from memory. Notably, it appears in Numbers 34:11 and Isaiah 25:6.
H4229a מָחָה wipe, wipe out H4229b מָחָה strike H4229c מָחָה vb. denom. only Pu. Pt. fat pieces full of marrow
4229 machah maw-khaw'
a primitive root; properly, to stroke or rub; by implication,
to erase; also to smooth (as if with oil), i.e. grease or make
fat; also to touch, i.e. reach to:--abolish, blot out,
destroy, full of marrow, put out, reach unto, X utterly, wipe
(away, out).
מָחָה (ma.chah) — to wipe.
1) to wipe, wipe out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to wipe
1a2) to blot out, obliterate
1a3) to blot out, exterminate
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be wiped out
1b2) to be blotted out
1b3) to be exterminated
1c) (Hiphil) to blot out (from memory)
מָחָה (ma.chah) — to strike.
(Qal) to strike
מָחָה (ma.chah) — be marrow.
(Pual) full of marrow (participle)
Conj | V-Niphal-3cp — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/VNq3cp
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2mp
