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Jeremiah 46:4 — Word Study

Depth

WLCאִסְר֣וּ הַסּוּסִ֗ים וַֽעֲלוּ֙ הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑ים מִרְקוּ֙ הָֽרְמָחִ֔ים לִבְשׁ֖וּ הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃

BSAHarnessʼâçar [prepare, bind] the horsesçûwç [swallow, chariot horses] mountʻâlâh [get up, ascend] the steedspârâsh [horses] take your positionsyâtsab [stand, place yourselves] with helmets onkôwbaʻ [head-dresses, protective head coverings] Polishmâraq [sharpen, furbish] your spearsrômach [lances, javelins] put onlâbash [clothe yourselves with] armorçiryôn [coats of mail, protective covering]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 46
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.sir.yo.Not) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 46:4quick helps
In a sentenceThe call to prepare for battle emphasizes readiness and the importance of equipping oneself.
Who is speakingThe prophet Jeremiah, conveying God's message to His people.
Where we areA call to arms as the people prepare for impending conflict.
The hard wordאִסְר֣וּ
Take awayPreparation is crucial for success in battle.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbאָסַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 46:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Call to Armsgenerated

3“Deploy your shields, small and large; advance for battle!
4Harness the horses; mount the steeds; take your positions with helmets on! Polish your spears; put on armor!
5Why am I seeing this? They are terrified, they are retreating; their warriors are defeated, they flee in haste without looking back; terror is on every side!” declares the LORD.
6“The swift cannot flee, and the warrior cannot escape! In the north by the River Euphrates they stumble and fall.

Jeremiah 46:4 presents a vivid image of preparation for battle, urging the people to harness their horses and ready themselves for the fight ahead. This call reflects the urgency of the situation as they face an imminent threat, underscoring the need for vigilance and readiness in times of conflict. The surrounding verses further illustrate the chaos and fear that accompany the impending battle, highlighting the seriousness of the prophet's message.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 21:9–11“Son of man, prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord says: ‘A sword, a sword, sharpened and polished—
2Jeremiah 51:3Do not let the archer bend his bow or put on his armor. Do not spare her young men; devote all her army to destruction!

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

brigandinesJeremiah 51:3

The Key Word אִסְר֣וּ, 'is.Rugenerated

The Hebrew verb אָסַר (asar) means to bind or tie, often used in contexts of preparation or obligation. In this verse, it conveys the urgent need to harness the horses, symbolizing readiness for battle.

This imperative form indicates a direct command, emphasizing the necessity for the people to act decisively. The word's usage here suggests a broader theme of preparation and commitment in the face of adversity.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of multiple commands, with the finite verbs אִסְר֣וּ (harness), וַֽעֲלוּ (and mount), וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ (and take your stand), מִרְקוּ֙ (polish), and לִבְשׁ֖וּ (put on) driving the urgency of the message.

The structure emphasizes a series of actions that the people must undertake, creating a rhythm of preparation that conveys the seriousness of their situation.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, אִסְר֣וּ is rendered as ἐπισάχατε, which means 'to harness' or 'to prepare'. This choice reflects a direct translation that maintains the command's urgency.

The use of ἐπισάχατε suggests a focus on readiness and preparation, aligning closely with the Hebrew intent of the original text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 46:4 calls for the people to harness their horses, mount their steeds, and prepare for battle. They are urged to take their positions with helmets on, polish their spears, and put on armor. This verse emphasizes the importance of readiness and preparation in the face of conflict.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to harness the horses?

To harness the horses means to prepare them for battle, ensuring they are ready to be used effectively in the upcoming conflict.

Why is there a focus on putting on armor?

Putting on armor signifies the need for protection and readiness as the people prepare to face their enemies in battle.

What is the significance of the command to polish the spears?

Polishing the spears indicates the importance of maintaining weapons in good condition, ensuring they are effective and ready for use in combat.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Jeremiah?

This verse reflects Jeremiah's overarching theme of warning and preparation for the impending judgment and conflict that the people will face.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to prepare for challenges ahead?
  2. How can I ensure that I am ready and equipped for the battles I face?
  3. What does it mean to stand firm in my faith during difficult times?
  4. How can I support others in their preparations for challenges they may encounter?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 46:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Harness the horses,.... Put on their bridles and saddles and gird them: or, "bind the horses" (r); that is, to the chariots; put them to, as we commonly express it: Egypt abounded in horses, and so

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 46 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 46 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Art hath so much improved all things in later ages, that it is very hard to determine of what form the several weapons and pieces of armour, whether offensive or defensive, in use at this time were; the most here mentioned seem to have been defensive, and the whole speech of the prophet directed to the Egyptians seems to be ironical, calling to this army of Pharaoh-necho to get ready to defend themselves, for they were to encounter with an enemy would put them very hard to it, so as they had need to have their helmets, and bucklers, and shields, and brigandines all in a readiness, and know the use of them well; the horses for war had need be harnessed, the spears furbished, and the riders…

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 46 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 46:4 Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with [your] helmets; furbish the spears, [and] put on the brigandines.Ver. 4. Harness the horses.] Those warlike creatures, but yet vain things for safety. Egypt was famous for the best horses; but the Lord delighteth not in the strength of a horse, &c.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 46 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(3, 4) Order ye the buckler and shield . . .—The poem opens with a summons to the hosts of Nebuchadnezzar to prepare for their victory. First the foot-soldiers are called, then the horse, lastly the light-armed troops. Put on the brigandines.—The history of the word is not without interest. Light-armed skirmishers were known in Italian as “brigands” (briganti—literally, “quarrellers”); the light coat of mail worn by them was accordingly known as a “brigandine.” When the Italian word became synonymous with robbers by land or sea, the ship used by them was called a brigantino, and from this is derived our English “brig” (W. A. Wright: Bible Word Book). The word “brigandine” is accordingly…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 46 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 4. Furbish the spears] Cleanse, brighten, and sharpen them; from the Franco-Gallic fourbir, to polish, brighten. Brigandines.] A coat of mail, especially that which was made scale fashion; one plate overlapping the other, like the scales of fish.

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 46 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. Harness the horses] to the chariots which formed a very important feature of Egyptian armies. get up, ye horsemen] probably, mount the steeds.

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 46 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

From the infantry the prophet proceeds to the chariots, in which the Egyptians placed great confidence. Get up, ye horsemen - Or, “mount the steeds.” Furbish - i. e., polish, sharpen.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 46 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Harness the horses; mount the steeds; take your positions with helmets on! Polish your spears; put on armor!

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Harness the horses, and get up, you horsemen, and stand up with your helmets. Polish the spears, put on the coats of mail.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Harness the horses; mount the steeds; take your positions with helmets on! Polish your spears; put on armor!

NETBNew English Translation2006

Harness the horses to the chariots! Mount your horses! Put on your helmets and take your positions! Sharpen you spears! Put on your armor!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Harness the horses, and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, put on the coats of mail.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Harness the horses, and get up, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, put on the coats of mail.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Harness the horses; and mount, ye horsemen, and stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the coats of mail.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Make readie the horses, and let the horsemen get vp, and stande vp with your sallets, fourbish the speares, and put on the brigandines.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Harness the horses, and mount ye horsemen, and stand forth with helmets; polish the spears, put on the coats of mail!

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Gird the horses, and go up, ye horsemen, And station yourselves with helmets, Polish the javelins, put on the coats of mail.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Gird the horses, and go up, you horsemen, || And station yourselves with helmets, || Polish the javelins, put on the coats of mail.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Harness the horses, and mount, ye horsemen, and stand forth with helmets: sharpen the spears, and put on the coats of mail.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses and take your stand with your helmets on; polish the spears and put on your armor.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Harness the horses, and get up, ye horsemen: stand forth with helmets, furbish the spears, put on coats of mail.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Put the harnesses on the horses and get into your chariots; take your positions with your helmets on! Sharpen your spears; put on your armor!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Make the horses ready, and get up, you horsemen, and take your places with your head-dresses; make the spears sharp and put on the breastplates.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbאִסְר֣וּharnessnoun phrase · objectהַtheסּוּסִ֗יםhorsesוַֽandclauseclauseverbעֲלוּ֙mountclausenoun phraseהַtheפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔יםwarhorsesוְandclauseverbהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּtake.your.standprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּwithכ֥וֹבָעִ֑יםhelmetsclauseverbמִרְקוּ֙polishnoun phrase · objectהָֽtheרְמָחִ֔יםspearsclauseverbלִבְשׁ֖וּput.onnoun phrase · objectהַtheסִּרְיֹנֹֽתarmor

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the content of this verse, with all ten words matched in the translation. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the urgency in the call to prepare for battle.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אִסְר֣וּ הַסּוּסִ֗ים וַֽעֲלוּ֙ הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑ים מִרְקוּ֙ הָֽרְמָחִ֔ים לִבְשׁ֖וּ הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
אִסְר֣וּἐπισάχατεהַסּוּסִ֗יםἵππουςוַֽעֲלוּ֙ἐπίβητεהַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔יםἱππεῖςוְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּκατάστητεבְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑יםἐνמִרְקוּ֙προβάλετεהָֽרְמָחִ֔יםδόραταלִבְשׁ֖וּἐνδύσασθεהַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃τοὺς

10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 46:4אָסַרharnessharnessאָסַרסוּסthe horsesthe horsesסוּסעָלָהand mountand mountעָלָהפָּרָשׁthe warhorsthe warhorsesפָּרָשׁיָצַבand take yoand take your sיָצַבכּוֹבַעwith helmetwith helmetsכּוֹבַעמָרַקpolishpolishמָרַקרֹ֫מַחthe spearsthe spearsרֹ֫מַחלָבֵשׁput onput onלָבֵשׁסִרְיֹןthe armorthe armorסִרְיֹןפָּרַשׁto declareto declareפָּרַשׁפָּרָשׁhorsehorseפָּרָשׁקוֹבַעhelmethelmetקוֹבַעשִׁרְיָהlancelanceשִׁרְיָהאִסָּרinjunctioninjunctionאִסָּרעֲבֹתcordcordעֲבֹתפֶּ֫רֶדmulemuleפֶּ֫רֶדמֶרְכָּבָהchariotchariotמֶרְכָּבָהעֹלָהburnt offeburnt offeringעֹלָהיְאֹרstreamstreamיְאֹררֶ֫כֶבchariotchariotרֶ֫כֶבסוּסswallowswallowסוּסמוֹעֵדmeetingmeetingמוֹעֵדתָּ֫וֶךְmidstmidstתָּ֫וֶךְרֹ֫מַחspearspearרֹ֫מַחנְחֹ֫שֶׁתbronzebronzeנְחֹ֫שֶׁתכּוֹבַעhelmethelmetכּוֹבַעצִנָּהhookhookצִנָּה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 46:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
אִסְר֣וּ'is.Ru harness H631 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
72× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to bind or tie something, like when God made a covenant with the Israelites. It can also mean to prepare for battle or to be imprisoned. In different contexts, it involves joining or fastening things together, whether physically or metaphorically.
Amplified meaning
prepare, bind
Tyndale gloss
to bind
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָסַר (asar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tie or bind, with a range of applications including imprisonment and the figurative sense of obligation, such as oaths. It can also refer to preparing for battle or being taken prisoner. The entries indicate that it can be used in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Pual, each with slightly different nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָסַר] vb. tie, bind, imprison

Qal

tie, bind, for security

tie, harness

bind, with cords

gird (rare & late)

begin the battle, make the attack

fig. of obligation of oath or vow

Niph. be bound, imprisoned

Pu. be taken prisoner

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H631 [אָסַר] tie, bind, imprison .. tie, bind, for security

. tie, harness

. bind, with cords

. gird (rare & late)

. begin the battle, make the attack

. fig. of obligation of oath or vow

. be bound, imprisoned

. be taken prisoner

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

631 'acar aw-sar'

a primitive root; to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in

any sense, to join battle:--bind, fast, gird, harness, hold,

keep, make ready, order, prepare, prison(-er), put in bonds,

set in array, tie.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָסַר (a.sar) — to bind.

1) to tie, bind, imprison

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tie, bind

1a2) to tie, harness

1a3) to bind (with cords)

1a4) to gird (rare and late)

1a5) to begin the battle, make the attack

1a6) of obligation of oath (figurative)

1b) (Niphal) to be imprisoned, bound

1c) (Pual) to be taken prisoner

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

har'-nes: A word of Celtic origin meaning "armour" in the King James Version; it is the translation of shiryan, "a coat of mail" (1Ki 22:34; 2Ch 18:33); of nesheq, "arms," "weapons" (2Ch 9:24, the Revised Version (British and American) "armor"); of 'acar "to bind" (Jer 46:4), "harness the horses," probably here, "yoke the horses"; compare 1Sa 6:7, "tie the kine to the cart" (bind them), Ge 46:29; another rendering is "put on their accoutrements"; compare /APC 1Macc 6:43, "one of the beasts armed with royal harness" (thorax), the Revised Version (British and American)…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Harness

(1.) Heb. ‘asar, “to bind;” hence the act of fastening animals to a cart (1 Sam. 6:7, 10; Jer. 46:4, etc.).

(2.) An Old English word for “armour;” Heb. neshek (2 Chr. 9:24).

(3.) Heb. shiryan, a coat of mail (1 Kings 22:34; 2 Chr. 18:33; rendered “breastplate” in Isa. 59:17).

(4.) The children of Israel passed out of Egypt “harnessed” (Ex. 13:18), i.e., in an orderly manner, and as if to meet a foe. The word so rendered is probably a derivative from Hebrew hamesh (i.e., “five”), and may denote…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A suit of defensive armor, 1Ki 20:11 2Ch 18:33. The Hebrews went out from Egypt "harnessed," that is, properly equipped or arranged.

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
הַסּוּסִ֗יםha.su.Sim the horses H5483 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Amplified meaning
swallow, chariot horses
Tyndale gloss
swallow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift

base

סוּס 138 n.m. horse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5483 cuwc soos

or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,

for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid

flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.

see HEBREW for 06571

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּס (sus) — swallow.

swallow, swift

סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).

This name means horse

סוּס (sus) — horse.

1) horse

1a) chariot horses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Were anciently less used for labor, in Bible land, than oxen and asses. They were used by princes and warriors, both with and without chariots, Ex 14:9,23 Es 6:8 Ec 10:7. The finest description of the war-horse ever written is found in one of the most ancient books, Job 39:19-25. Horses were common in Egypt, Ge 47:17 50:9 So 1:9; but the Jews were at first forbidden to go there for them, De 17:16, or the keep any large number, Jos 11:6

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
וַֽעֲלוּ֙va.'a.Lu and mount H5927 Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine plural
890× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To ascend means to go up or rise, like the smoke from an altar going up to God, as described in many Bible passages, including Leviticus and Psalms.
Amplified meaning
get up, ascend
Tyndale gloss
to ascend: rise
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb

Qal

of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations

go up, in personal relations

of animals, go or come up

of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth

of natural phenom., go up, rise

of inanimate things, instead of passive construction

of thoughts

come up before God, arrogance

go up, extend, of boundary

excel

Niph.

be brought up

be taken up

pass., be taken up, away

reflex., take oneself away from, get up from

reflex.: take oneself away

be exalted, of God

Hiph.

bring up persons

in personal relations

bring up animals

cause to ascend

mentally

offer a present; bring up tithe to

exalt

cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice

Hoph.

be carried away

be taken up into, inserted in

be offered

Hithp. lift oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations

. go up, in personal relations

. of animals, go or come up

. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth

. of natural phenom., go up, rise

. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction

. of thoughts

. come up before God, arrogance

. go up, extend, of boundary

. excel

. . . be brought up

. be taken up

. . pass., be taken up, away

. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from

. reflex.: take oneself away

. be exalted, of God

. . bring up persons

. in personal relations

. bring up animals

. cause to ascend

. mentally

. offer a present; bring up tithe to

. exalt

. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice

. . be carried away

. be taken up into, inserted in

. be offered

. lift oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5927 `alah aw-law'

a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or

actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary

and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise

(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),

bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb

(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,

exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);

grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,

(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,

prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise

(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring

(up), stir up, take away (up), work.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.

: rise/go

1) to go up, ascend, climb

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go up, ascend

1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat

1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)

1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)

1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)

1a6) to come up (before God)

1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)

1a8) to excel, be superior to

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away

1b2) to take oneself away

1b3) to be exalted

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up

1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away

1c3) to bring up, draw up, train

1c4) to cause to ascend

1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)

1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)

1c7) to exalt

1c8) to cause to ascend, offer

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be carried away, be led up

1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in

1d3) to be offered

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine plural
HC/Vqv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Mount

Palestine is a hilly country (Deut. 3:25; 11:11; Ezek. 34:13). West of Jordan the mountains stretch from Lebanon far down into Galilee, terminating in Carmel. The isolated peak of Tabor rises from the elevated plain of Esdraelon, which, in the south, is shut in by hills spreading over the greater part of Samaria. The mountains of Western and Middle Palestine do not extend to the sea, but gently slope into plains, and toward the Jordan fall down into the Ghor.

East of the Jordan the Anti-Lebanon, stretching south, terminates in the hilly district called Jebel Heish, which reaches down to the Sea of Gennesareth. South of the river Hieromax there is again a succession of hills, which are traversed by wadies running toward the Jordan. These gradually descend to a level at the…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Isaiah 29:3; Jeremiah 6:6) etc. [SIEGE]

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔יםha.Pa.ra.Shim the warhorses H6571 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
57× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a horseman or a cavalry soldier, like those who rode chariots in battle. In the Bible, it describes the riders of horses and chariots, like in Exodus 14:9 where the Egyptian horsemen pursued the Israelites.
Amplified meaning
horses
Tyndale gloss
horse
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּרָשׁ (parash) refers to a horse or steed, specifically one used for pulling a vehicle rather than for riding. It can also denote a horseman or cavalry. The word is built from the root meaning to stretch out, indicating its use in a chariot context.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּרָשׁ] n.[m.] horse, steed

base

פָּרָשׁ n.m. horseman

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6571a פָּרָשׁ horse, steed H6571b פָּרָשׁ horseman

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6571 parash paw-rawsh'

from 6567; a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single

nor for mounting (compare 5483)); also (by implication) a

driver (in a chariot), i.e. (collectively)

cavalry:--horseman.

see HEBREW for 06567

see HEBREW for 05483

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרָשׁ (pa.rash) — horse.

horse, steed, warhorse

פָּרָשׁ (pa.rash) — horseman.

horseman

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּve.hit.ya.tze.Vu and take your stand H3320 Conjunction · verb hithpael imperative second person masculine plural
48× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stand or place something firmly is what this word means, and it's used in the Bible to describe presenting oneself or standing firm in faith, as seen in the book of Psalms.
Amplified meaning
stand, place yourselves
Tyndale gloss
to stand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָצַב (yatsab) primarily means to stand or to station oneself, particularly in the Hithpael form, which indicates a reflexive action. It encompasses the ideas of placing, setting, or presenting oneself. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָצַב] vb. only Hithp. set or station oneself, take one's stand

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3320 יָצַב only Hithp. set or station oneself, take one's stand

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3320 yatsab yaw-tsab'

a primitive root; to place (any thing so as to stay);

reflexively, to station, offer, continue:--present selves,

remaining, resort, set (selves), (be able to, can, with-)

stand (fast, forth, -ing, still, up).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָצַב (ya.tsav) — to stand.

1) to place, set, stand, set or station oneself, present oneself

1a) (Hithpael) to station oneself, take one's stand, stand, present oneself, stand with someone

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tsav (יְצַב "to know" H3321)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hithpael-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb hithpael imperative second person masculine plural
HC/Vtv2mp
harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑יםbe.Khoa.'Im with helmets H3553 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A helmet is a protective head covering, often arched in shape. It is compared to another word for helmet in the Bible. The KJV translates it as helmet.
Amplified meaning
head-dresses, protective head coverings
Tyndale gloss
helmet
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כּוֹבַע (kowba`) means 'helmet' and is derived from a root that suggests something high or rounded. The term appears in contexts related to protection, specifically in the form of a helmet. The entries consistently define it as a helmet without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כּוֹבַע n.m. helmet (√ dub.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3553 כּוֹבַע helmet (√ dub.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3553 kowba` ko'-bah

from an unused root meaning to be high or rounded; a helmet

(as arched):--helmet. Compare 6959.

see HEBREW for 06959

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כּוֹבַע (ko.va) — helmet.

helmet

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HR/Ncmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
מִרְקוּ֙mir.Ku polish H4838 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To polish something means to make it shine or smooth, and this Hebrew word describes the act of polishing or sharpening an object. It can also imply rinsing or scouring something clean. The KJV translates it as bright, furbish, or scour.
Amplified meaning
sharpen, furbish
Tyndale gloss
to polish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָרַק (ma.raq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to polish or scour. It covers actions related to brightening or sharpening objects, and can imply cleansing away impurities. The entries indicate it can appear in various forms, such as Qal (to polish) and Pual (to be scoured).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָרַק] vb. scour, polish

Qal polish the lances! Pt.pass. polished

Hiph. blows that cut in, cleanse away evil

Pu. be well scoured

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4838 מָרַק

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4838 maraq maw-rak'

a primitive root; to polish; by implication, to sharpen; also

to rinse:--bright, furbish, scour.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָרַק (ma.raq) — to polish.

1) to scour, polish

1a) (Qal) to scour, polish

1b) (Pual) to be scoured

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
הָֽרְמָחִ֔יםha.re.ma.Chim the spears H7420 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a spear or lance, especially the iron point. It is translated as buckler, javelin, lancet, or spear in the KJV Bible.
Amplified meaning
lances, javelins
Tyndale gloss
spear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹ֫מַח (romach) refers to a spear or lance, derived from a root meaning to hurl. The entries consistently describe it as a weapon, particularly highlighting its iron point. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹ֫מַח n.[m.] spear, lance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7420 רֹ֫מַח

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7420 romach ro'-makh

from an unused root meaning to hurl; a lance (as thrown);

especially the iron point:--buckler, javelin, lancet, spear.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹ֫מַח (ro.mach) — spear.

spear, lance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

weapons of warfare

Jos 8:18; 1Sa 17:7; 22:6; 2Sa 21:19; 23:8; Isa 2:4; Joh 19:34

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
לִבְשׁ֖וּliv.Shu put on H3847 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
110× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To clothe means to wrap something around or put on a garment. In the Bible, it can be used literally or figuratively, as in putting on clothes or being clothed with a certain attitude.
Amplified meaning
clothe yourselves with
Tyndale gloss
to clothe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָבֵשׁ (*labash*) means to put on or wear clothing, and it can refer to both literal and figurative clothing. It is built from a primitive root meaning to wrap around. The entries cover various forms, including Qal, Pual, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of dressing or being clothed. The word is also noted for its use in a figurative sense, such as being clothed with a spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ vb. put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Qal

lit. put on (one’s own) garment; = wear (more or less habitually)

very oft. fig., put on, be clothed with

lit. put on

once

clothed with

and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon

Pu. arrayed

Hiph. clothe, array with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3847 לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3847 labash law-bash'

or labesh {law-bashe'}; a primitive root; properly, wrap

around, i.e. (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe

(oneself, or another), literally or figuratively:--(in)

apparel, arm, array (self), clothe (self), come upon, put (on,

upon), wear.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָבֵשׁ (la.vash) — to clothe.

1) to dress, wear, clothe, put on clothing, be clothed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put on clothes, be clothed, wear

1a2) to put on, be clothed with (fig.)

1b) (Pual) to be fully clothed

1c) (Hiphil) to clothe, array with, dress

Aramaic equivalent: le.vash (לְבֵשׁ "to clothe" H3848)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

harness the horses and mount the warhorses and take your stand with helmets polish the spears put on the armor
הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃ha.sir.yo.Not the armor H5630 Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This noun means armor or a coat of mail, used for protection in battle. It is used in the Bible to describe a soldier's protective gear. The KJV translates it as brigandine.
Amplified meaning
coats of mail, protective covering
Tyndale gloss
armor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סִרְיֹן (ciyron) refers to armor or a coat of mail, specifically a brigandine. The entries consistently define it as a type of protective gear, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[סִרְיֹן] n.[m.] armour

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5630 סִרְיֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5630 ciyron sir-yone'

for 8302; a coat of mail:--brigandine.

see HEBREW for 08302

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סִרְיֹן (sir.yon) — armor.

armour

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
HTd/Ncfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ The equipment of a soldier Jer 46:3,4; Eph 6:14-17

→ See BREASTPLATE

→ See BRIGANDINE

→ See COAT OF MAIL

→ See GREAVE

→ See HABERGEON

→ See HELMET

→ See SHIELD

→ FIGURATIVE Ro 13:12; 2Co 6:7; 10:4; Eph 6:11-17; 1Th 5:8

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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