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2 Samuel 22:39 — Word Study

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WLCוָאֲכַלֵּ֥ם וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יְקוּמ֑וּן וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽי׃

BSAand crushed themmâchats [wounded, shattered] so they could notlôʼ [were able to] riseqûwm [stand up, arise] they have fallennâphal [been defeated, lain down] undertachath [beneath, underneath] my feetregel [in my presence, at my command]

Word
Listen & take away2 Samuel 22
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 39 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (rag.Lai) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
2 Samuel 22:39quick helps
In a sentenceDavid describes his victory over his enemies, emphasizing their total defeat.
Who is speakingDavid, reflecting on his military conquests.
Where we areA poetic declaration of triumph in the context of God's deliverance.
The hard wordאֲכַלֵּ֥ם
Take awayThe enemies are utterly defeated and unable to rise.
4 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them › clause verbנָפַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 2 Samuel 22:39

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — David's Song of Deliverancegenerated

38I pursued my enemies and destroyed them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.
39I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.
40You have armed me with strength for battle; You have subdued my foes beneath me.
41You have made my enemies retreat before me; I put an end to those who hated me.

2 Samuel 22:39 is part of a song where David praises God for His deliverance in battle. David recounts how he pursued and defeated his enemies, highlighting the power and support he received from God. This verse specifically illustrates the totality of his victory, as he emphasizes that his foes could not rise again after being crushed.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 18:37I pursued my enemies and overtook them; I did not turn back until they were consumed.
2Psalm 110:1–5The LORD said to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”
3Psalm 118:10–12All the nations surrounded me, but in the name of the LORD I cut them off.
4Malachi 4:1–3“For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace, when all the arrogant and every evildoer will be stubble; the day is coming when I will set them ablaze,” says the LORD of Hosts. “Not a root or branch will be left to them.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.Psalm 18:37 Psalm 110:1–5 Psalm 118:10–12 Malachi 4:1–3

The Key Word אֲכַלֵּ֥ם, va.'a.kha.Lemgenerated

The Hebrew word כָּלָה (*kalah*) means to finish or bring to an end. In this verse, it conveys the idea of completely consuming and defeating the enemies, ensuring they are unable to recover. The parsing as a piel verb suggests an intensive action, emphasizing the thoroughness of the defeat.

This word captures the essence of total victory, indicating that David did not merely defeat his enemies but utterly consumed them, leaving no chance for revival or retaliation.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb אֲכַלֵּ֥ם governs the entire verse, with subsequent actions describing the outcome of that verb. The structure emphasizes the sequential actions of devouring and crushing, leading to the enemies' inability to rise.

Each clause builds on the previous one, illustrating a cause-and-effect relationship: David's actions directly result in the enemies' defeat and their fall beneath his feet.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אֲכַלֵּ֥ם as αὐτούς, indicating a direct rendering of the Hebrew concept of consuming or defeating enemies. This choice reflects a straightforward understanding of the Hebrew text without additional interpretive layers.

This word choice in the LXX aligns closely with the Hebrew, maintaining the emphasis on total defeat, but it also suggests a more immediate action without the nuance of consumption.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

2 Samuel 22:39 describes how David defeated his enemies completely, stating that he consumed and crushed them so they could not rise again. This verse highlights the total victory David experienced through God's help.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that David 'devoured' his enemies?

It means that David completely defeated them, leaving no chance for recovery or retaliation.

Why does David emphasize that his enemies could not rise?

This emphasizes the totality of their defeat, indicating that they were utterly crushed and powerless.

How does this verse reflect David's relationship with God?

It shows David's reliance on God for strength and victory in battle, acknowledging that his success comes from divine support.

What is the significance of the phrase 'under my feet'?

It symbolizes complete subjugation and victory over his enemies, indicating that they are defeated and powerless in David's presence.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to rely on God's strength to overcome challenges?
  2. How can I ensure that I am not allowing my struggles to rise again after I have dealt with them?
  3. What does it mean to me that God supports me in my battles?
  4. How can I apply the lessons of victory and defeat from this verse to my daily life?

Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 22:39 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. [See comments on Psalms 18:38].

Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 22 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. No JFB commentary on this verse.

Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 22 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(39) I have consumed them, and wounded them.—The former clause is wanting in the psalm, and the latter needs a stronger word—crushed them.

Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 22 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

39. And I have consumed them, and wounded them] Yea I consumed them—omitted in Psalms 18:38—and crushed them.

Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 22 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I have consumed them, and struck them through, so that they can’t arise. Yes, they have fallen under my feet.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I devoured and crushed them so they could not rise; they have fallen under my feet.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I wipe them out and beat them to death; they cannot get up; they fall at my feet.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, so that they cannot arise: Yea, they are fallen under my feet.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, that they cannot arise; yea, they are fallen under my feet.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they have fallen under my feet.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Yea, I haue consumed them and thrust them through, and they shall not arise, but shall fall vnder my feete.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I have consumed them and have crushed them, and they rose not again; Yea, they fell under my feet.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I consume them, and smite them, And they rise not, and fall under my feet.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I consume them, and strike them, || And they do not rise, and fall under my feet.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And I make an end of them, and I crush them, that they cannot rise; and they fall under my feet.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I devoured them and smashed them; they cannot rise. They have fallen under my feet.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

I will consume them and break them in pieces, so that they shall not rise: they shall fall under my feet.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I struck them down—they couldn't get up. They fell at my feet.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I have sent destruction on them and given them wounds, so that they are not able to get up: they are stretched under my feet.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וָandclauseverbאֲכַלֵּ֥Iobjectםbrought.them.to.an.endוָandclauseverbאֶמְחָצֵ֖Iobjectםsmashed.themוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverb phrase · verbיְקוּמ֑וּtheyןroseוַֽandclauseverbיִּפְּל֖וּthey.fellprepositional phrase · prepositionalתַּ֥חַתundernoun phraseרַגְלָֽfeetיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with all seven words matched in the Hebrew and Greek. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment shows partial agreement, with some words restored by an editor, indicating a high degree of textual consistency across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וָאֲכַלֵּ֥ם וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יְקוּמ֑וּן וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וָאֲכַלֵּ֥םαὐτούςוָאֶמְחָצֵ֖םαὐτούςוְלֹ֣אοὐκיְקוּמ֑וּןἀναστήσονταιוַֽיִּפְּל֖וּπεσοῦνταιתַּ֥חַתὑπὸרַגְלָֽי׃μου

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q51a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

אמחצ׳ם [ולוא] [יקומו׳ן] [ויפלו] [תחת] [רגל׳י]

6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

2 Samuel 22:39כָּלָהand I brougand I brought tכָּלָהמָחַץand I shattand I shatteredמָחַץלֹאand notand notלֹאלֵבthey will rthey will rise לֵבנָפַלand they feand they fellנָפַלתַּחַתunderunderתַּחַתרֶ֫גֶלfeet myfeet myרֶ֫גֶלרָגַלto spyto spyרָגַלפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַלתּוֹחַתּוֹחַקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִירחֵמָהragerageחֵמָהרָפָאto healto healרָפָארֹאשׁheadheadרֹאשׁיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדנֶ֫דֶרvowvowנֶ֫דֶרעֵדwitnesswitnessעֵדגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלחָלָלslain: kilslain: killedחָלָלאֶ֫דֶןsocketsocketאֶ֫דֶןשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁבֹּ֫הֶןthumb/big thumb/big toeבֹּ֫הֶןיְמָנִיrightrightיְמָנִי
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 22:39

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
וָאֲכַלֵּ֥םva.'a.kha.Lem and I brought to an end them H3615 Verb piel sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
208× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to finish or end something, like completing a task or using up a resource, as seen in Genesis 2:2 where God finished creating the heavens and earth.
Tyndale gloss
to end: finish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כָּלָה (*kalah*) is a primitive root meaning to end or finish. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to complete, accomplish, perish, and destroy. The entries indicate various uses in both intransitive and transitive forms, covering actions like finishing a task or causing something to cease. Notably, it can also imply negative connotations, such as plotting or destruction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּלָה 204 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent

Qal

be complete, at an end, of a period of time

be completed, finished, of a work

be accomplished, fulfilled

be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted

be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water

waste away, be exhausted, fail

come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed

Pi.

complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.

complete a period of time

finish doing a thing

make an end, end

accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

accomplish in thought, determine

put an end to, cause to cease

cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

destroy, sts. exterminate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3615 כָּלָה be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent .. . be complete, at an end, of a period of time

. be completed, finished, of a work

. be accomplished, fulfilled

. be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted

. . be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water

. waste away, be exhausted, fail

. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed

. . . complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.

. complete a period of time

. finish doing a thing

. make an end, end

. accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

. accomplish in thought, determine

. . put an end to, cause to cease

. cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

. destroy, sts. exterminate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3615 kalah kaw-law'

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be

finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare,

consume):--accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine,

destroy (utterly), be (when ... were) done, (be an) end (of),

expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, X fully, X

have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make

clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: finish.

: finish

1) to accomplish, cease, consume, determine, end, fail, finish, be complete, be accomplished, be ended, be at an end, be finished, be spent

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be complete, be at an end

1a2) to be completed, be finished

1a3) to be accomplished, be fulfilled

1a4) to be determined, be plotted (bad sense)

1a5) to be spent, be used up

1a6) to waste away, be exhausted, fail

1a7) to come to an end, vanish, perish, be destroyed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to complete, bring to an end, finish

1b2) to complete (a period of time)

1b3) to finish (doing a thing)

1b4) to make an end, end

1b5) to accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

1b6) to accomplish, determine (in thought)

1b7) to put an end to, cause to cease

1b8) to cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

1b9) to destroy, exterminate

1c) (Pual) to be finished, be ended, be completed

כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: destroy.

: destroy

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Hc/Vpw1cs/Sp3mp — Verb piel sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vpw1cs/Sp3mp
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖םva.'em.cha.Tzem and I shattered them H4272 Verb qal sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to severely wound or shatter something, like in Psalm 38:5 where David describes his emotional pain. It implies a violent or forceful action, causing harm or destruction. In the Bible, it is often used to describe physical harm.
Amplified meaning
wounded, shattered
Tyndale gloss
to wound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָחַץ (machats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to smite through, wound severely, or shatter. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses actions like crushing, smashing, or violently plunging. The entries indicate a range of meanings that include both literal and figurative uses, such as to subdue or destroy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָחַץ vb. smite through, wound severely, shatter

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4272 מָחַץ smite through, wound severely, shatter

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4272 machats maw-khats'

a primitive root; to dash asunder; by implication, to crush,

smash or violently plunge; figuratively, to subdue or

destroy:--dip, pierce (through), smite (through), strike

through, wound.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָחַץ (ma.chats) — to wound.

1) to smite through, shatter, wound severely

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to shatter

1a2) shattering (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vqw1cs/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
were able to
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
יְקוּמ֑וּןye.ku.Mun they will rise ! H6965 Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
628× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Qum means to rise or stand up, used in various contexts like rising to power or standing firm, as seen in Jeremiah and Ezra.
Amplified meaning
stand up, arise
Tyndale gloss
(Leb)-kamai
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.

ref

קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand

Qal 460

arise

arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)

arise, abs., = become powerful

arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet

arise for, i.e. to become

arise for action

arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed

esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere

stand

Pi.

fulfil

confirm, ratify

confirm, establish

impose, an obligation

Pō‛l. raise up

Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up

Hiph.

146cause to arise, raise

raise, set up, stones

erect, build

fig, of setting up law

raise up = bring on the scene

raise up = rouse, stir up

instigate, build

fig, of setting up law

raise up = constitute

cause to stand

Hoph. be raised up

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise

. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)

. arise, abs., = become powerful

. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet

. arise for, i.e. to become

. . arise for action

. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed

. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere

. stand

. . fulfil

. . confirm, ratify

. confirm, establish

. impose, an obligation

. raise up

. raise oneself, = rise up

. . cause to arise, raise

. . raise, set up, stones

. erect, build

. fig, of setting up law

. raise up = bring on the scene

. . raise up = rouse, stir up

. instigate, build

. fig, of setting up law

. raise up = constitute

. cause to stand

. be raised up

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6965 quwm koom

a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,

figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X

be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X

enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift

up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise

(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse

up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,

strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -

rising).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.

Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)

§ -Kamai = "my adversary"

Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai

קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.

: rise/get_going

1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to arise

1a2) to arise (hostile sense)

1a3) to arise, become powerful

1a4) to arise, come on the scene

1a5) to stand

1a5a) to maintain oneself

1a5b) to be established, be confirmed

1a5c) to stand, endure

1a5d) to be fixed

1a5e) to be valid

1a5f) to be proven

1a5g) to be fulfilled

1a5h) to persist

1a5i) to be set, be fixed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to fulfil

1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose

1c) (Polel) to raise up

1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to cause to arise, raise

1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build

1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene

1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate

1e5) to raise up, constitute

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
HVqi3mp/Sn
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּvai.yi.pe.Lu and they fell H5307 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
435× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to fall, and it's used in many ways, like falling down, failing, or being defeated. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah. God's people often fell away from Him, but He always offered a way back.
Amplified meaning
been defeated, lain down
Tyndale gloss
to fall: fall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie

Qal 366

fall, by accident

Esp. of violent death

fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

fig. = experience calamity

fall, of a city

Fall prostrate

fall = prostrate oneself before

fall upon one's neck, in embrace

Fall upon = attack

desert or fall away to, go over to

Fig., of deep sleep

Other idiomatic uses

= lie; = lie prostrate

Hiph.

cause to fall

Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

Esp. of casting lot

Fig., let drop, cause to fail

cause deep sleep to fall

Other idioms

Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident

. . Esp. of violent death

. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

. fig. = experience calamity

. fall, of a city

. . Fall prostrate

. fall = prostrate oneself before

. fall upon one's neck, in embrace

. . Fall upon = attack

. desert or fall away to, go over to

. Fig., of deep sleep

. Other idiomatic uses

. = lie; = lie prostrate

. . cause to fall

. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

. Esp. of casting lot

. Fig., let drop, cause to fail

. cause deep sleep to fall

. Other idioms

. throw, or prostrate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5307 naphal naw-fal'

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications

(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be

accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide

(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall

(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have

(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay

(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,

lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make

to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.

see HEBREW for 06419

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.

: fall/drop/fail

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before

1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of

1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result

1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to

1a7) to lie, lie prostrate

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate

1b2) to overthrow

1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot

1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)

1b5) to cause to fall

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon

1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself

1d) (Pilel) to fall

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.

: deserting

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
Hc/Vqw3mp
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
תַּ֥חַתTa.chat under H8478 Noun common · masculine singular construct
505× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means underneath or below, often used to describe physical locations or positions. It appears in various books, including Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to indicate something is under or beneath something else. The word has several related meanings.
Amplified meaning
beneath, underneath
Tyndale gloss
underneath: under
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8478 tachath takh'-ath

from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only

adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix

underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,

in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead

of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,

with.

see HEBREW for 08430

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.

: under/below

1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m

1a) the under part adv accus

1b) beneath prep

1c) under, beneath

1c1) at the foot of (idiom)

1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)

1c3) of subjection or conquest

1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands

1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)

1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)

conj

1e) instead of, instead of that

1f) in return for that, because that in compounds

1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)

1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.

: instead/in_place/exchange

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
and I brought to an end them and I shattered them and not they will rise ! and they fell under feet my
רַגְלָֽי׃rag.Lai feet my H7272 Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
247× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word also means a foot, like when God says he will tread on the wicked in Malachi 4:3. It's used to describe human and animal feet, as well as the base of objects like tables or idols.
Amplified meaning
in my presence, at my command
Tyndale gloss
foot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גֶל (regel) means 'foot' and can refer to a foot or leg in various contexts, including anthropomorphic references to God and other beings. It also implies steps or paces. The word is derived from a root meaning related to walking, and it appears in multiple forms, such as feet and paces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גֶל 247 n.f. foot

foot

three times (feet, paces)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7272 רֶ֫גֶל foot . foot

. three times (feet, paces)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7272 regel reh'-gel

from 7270; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a

step; by euphem. the pudenda:--X be able to endure, X

according as, X after, X coming, X follow,

((broken-))foot((-ed, -stool)), X great toe, X haunt, X

journey, leg, + piss, + possession, time.

see HEBREW for 07270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גֶל (re.gel) — foot.

1) foot

1a) foot, leg

1b) of God (anthropomorphic)

1c) of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table

1d) according to the pace of (with prep)

1e) three times (feet, paces)

Aramaic equivalent: re.gal (רְגַל "foot" H7271)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HNcfdc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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