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2 Kings 9:33 — Word Study

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WLCוַיֹּ֥אמֶר שִׁמְט֖וּהָ וַֽיִּשְׁמְט֑וּהָ וַיִּ֨ז מִדָּמָ֧הּ אֶל־ הַקִּ֛יר וְאֶל־ הַסּוּסִ֖ים וַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃

BSAThrow her downshâmaṭ [let go, release] yelled [Jehu]ʼâmar So they threw her downshâmaṭ [cast, sent] and her blooddâm [the liquid essential for life] splatterednâzâh [was sprinkled, spilled] onʼêl the wallqîyr [a barrier, a dividing structure] and onʼêl the horsesçûwç [chariot horses, swift and powerful] as they trampled her underfootrâmaç [tread, crushed]

Word
Listen & take away2 Kings 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 33 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Vai.yir.me.Se.nah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
2 Kings 9:33quick helps
In a sentenceJehu commands that a woman be thrown down, resulting in her blood splattering on the wall and horses.
Who is speakingJehu, a commander, giving orders to those around him.
Where we areIn a violent scene where Jehu takes decisive action against a woman.
The hard wordשִׁמְט֖וּ
Take awayThe violent act is carried out with a command and results in a graphic scene.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbאָמַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 2 Kings 9:33

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Jehu's Command Against Jezebelgenerated

32He looked up at the window and called out, “Who is on my side? Who?” And two or three eunuchs looked down at him.
33“Throw her down!” yelled Jehu. So they threw her down, and her blood splattered on the wall and on the horses as they trampled her underfoot.
34Then Jehu went in and ate and drank. “Take care of this cursed woman,” he said, “and bury her, for she was the daughter of a king.”
35But when they went out to bury her, they found nothing but her skull, her feet, and the palms of her hands.

2 Kings 9:33 describes a pivotal moment in the narrative where Jehu, anointed king, takes action against Jezebel, the queen. This event marks a significant turning point in the history of Israel, showcasing the violent measures taken to eradicate idolatry and corruption. The graphic imagery of her blood splattering emphasizes the severity of the act and the judgment against her.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Kings 21:11So the elders and nobles who lived in Naboth’s city did as Jezebel had instructed in the letters she had written to them.
22 Kings 9:26‘As surely as I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons yesterday, declares the LORD, so will I repay you on this plot of ground, declares the LORD.’ Now then, according to the word of the LORD, pick him up and throw him on the plot of ground.”
32 Kings 7:20And that is just what happened to him. The people trampled him in the gateway, and he died.
4Isaiah 25:10For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain. But Moab will be trampled in his place as straw is trodden into the dung pile.
5Lamentations 1:15The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst; He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Throw her down1 Kings 21:11

The Key Word שִׁמְט֖וּ, shim.tu.hgenerated

The verb שִׁמְט֖וּ (shim.tu.h) is an imperative form meaning 'let fall' or 'release'. It commands the act of throwing down, indicating a forceful action. This word captures the urgency and violence of Jehu's command, reflecting the broader themes of judgment and retribution in the narrative.

The parsing as a second person masculine plural indicates that Jehu is addressing a group, commanding them to carry out his order. This collective action highlights the complicity of those around him in the execution of his will.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יֹּ֥אמֶר (he said) governs the entire verse, with several clauses detailing the actions that follow. The structure emphasizes Jehu's command and the subsequent actions of those around him.

The sentence flows from the command to the execution of that command, illustrating a cause-and-effect relationship. The vivid imagery of blood splattering is a direct result of the violent action commanded.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יֹּ֥אמֶר as εἶπεν, which also means 'he said'. This choice maintains the directness of Jehu's command, reflecting the urgency of the moment.

The Greek translation captures the same violent intent as the Hebrew, reinforcing the narrative's themes of judgment.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

2 Kings 9:33 shows Jehu commanding that a woman be thrown down, leading to her blood splattering on the wall and the horses. This scene illustrates the violent judgment against Jezebel, highlighting the seriousness of her actions and the consequences she faces.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Jehu's command signify?

Jehu's command signifies a decisive act of judgment against Jezebel, representing a turning point in Israel's history.

Why is the imagery of blood significant?

The imagery of blood splattering emphasizes the violent nature of the act and symbolizes the consequences of sin and idolatry.

What role do the horses play in this scene?

The horses, as they trample her underfoot, symbolize the complete disregard for Jezebel's life and the thoroughness of the judgment executed.

How does this event fit into the larger narrative?

This event fits into the larger narrative of Jehu's mission to eradicate Baal worship and restore proper worship in Israel, showcasing the lengths to which he goes to fulfill this mission.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does Jehu's decisive action teach us about the consequences of idolatry?
  2. How can we understand the graphic nature of this scene in the context of biblical judgment?
  3. What parallels can be drawn between Jehu's actions and the call for justice in our own lives?
  4. In what ways can we reflect on the seriousness of sin as depicted in this narrative?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 2 Kings 9:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And he said, throw her down,.... Out of the window upon the ground: so they threw her down; took her up, and cast her headlong, as they were bid: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall; of

Read John Gill on 2 Kings 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master? No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Kings 9 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

They threw her down; being mercenary creatures, they quickly comply with Jehu’ s command, sacrificing her life to save their own.

Read Matthew Poole on 2 Kings 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

2 Kings 9:33 And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and [some] of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.Ver. 33. And some of her blood.] Her brains, that devised mischief against the servants of God, are strewed upon the walls: and she that insulted upon the prophets, is trampled upon by the horses’ heels.

Read John Trapp on 2 Kings 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(33) Throw her down.—Comp. Note on 1 Chronicles 13:9. Was sprinkled on.—Spirted on to.He trode her under foot.—All the versions have they—i.e., the horses—trode. Thenius supposes they were excited by the blood being sprinkled upon them. But “he”—i.e., Jehu—“trode her under foot,” plainly means, he drove over her fallen body. Ewald goes beyond the text in stating that Jehu spurned her with his own feet. (For the verb, comp. 2 Kings 7:20.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Kings 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 33. So they threw her down] What a terrible death! She was already, by the fall, almost dashed to pieces; and the brutal Jehu trampled her already mangled body under his horse's feet!

Read AdamClarke on 2 Kings 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

33. So they threw her down] It is easy to understand how such an imperious mistress would have few friends among her servants. And to them, as well as to her, the news of Jehu’s revolt and Joram’s death would have been brought. So with Eastern fickleness they at once take the side which seems victorious. some of her blood] The fall was from such a height as to kill her, and apparently she was torn and bruised as she descended, so that the blood from her wounds spirted forth at once. and he trode her under foot] i.e. Drove his horses and chariot over her fallen body. Hence the LXX. renders ‘they trode her’.

Read Cambridge on 2 Kings 9 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

33. They threw her down — The eunuchs saw in Jehu their future master, and instantly obeyed his command.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Kings 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

“Throw her down!” yelled Jehu. So they threw her down, and her blood splattered on the wall and on the horses as they trampled her underfoot.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He said, “Throw her down!” So they threw her down; and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses. Then he trampled her under foot.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

“Throw her down!” yelled Jehu. So they threw her down, and her blood splattered on the wall and on the horses as they trampled her underfoot.

NETBNew English Translation2006

He said, “Throw her down!” So they threw her down, and when she hit the ground, her blood splattered against the wall and the horses, and Jehu drove his chariot over her.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down; and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trod her under foot.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trod her under foot.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And he sayde, Cast her downe: and they cast her downe, and hee sprinkled of her blood vpon the wall, and vpon the horses, and he trode her vnder foote.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And he said, Throw her down! And they threw her down; and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses; and he trampled on her.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And he saith, 'Let her go;' and they let her go, and [some] of her blood is sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses, and he treadeth her down.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and he says, “Let her go”; and they let her go, and [some] of her blood is sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses, and he treads her down.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And he said, Pitch her down. So they pitched her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses; and he trod her under foot.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So Jehu said, “Throw her down.” So they threw Jezebel down, and some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses, and Jehu trampled her underfoot.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And he said to them: Throw her down headlong: and they threw her down, and the wall was sprinkled with her blood, and the hoofs of the horses trod upon her.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

“Throw her down!” he shouted. And they threw her down. Her blood spattered on the wall and on the horses which then trampled her.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And he said, Take her and put her out of the window. So they sent her down with force, and her blood went in a shower on the wall and on the horses; and she was crushed under their feet.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיֹּ֥אמֶרhe.saidclauseverbשִׁמְט֖וּletobjectהָher.fallוַֽandclauseverbיִּשְׁמְט֑וּtheyobjectהָlet.her.fallוַandclauseverbיִּ֨זit.spatterednoun phrase · subjectprepositional phraseמִsomenoun phraseדָּמָ֧ofהּher.bloodprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseאֶלtonoun phraseהַtheקִּ֛ירwallוְandprepositional phraseאֶלtonoun phraseהַtheסּוּסִ֖יםhorsesוַֽandclauseverbיִּרְמְסֶֽheobjectנָּהtrampled.her

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of this verse, with a complete match in the word-by-word correspondence. This alignment indicates a consistent transmission of the text across these traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שִׁמְט֖וּהָ וַֽיִּשְׁמְט֑וּהָ וַיִּ֨ז מִדָּמָ֧הּ אֶל־ הַקִּ֛יר וְאֶל־ הַסּוּסִ֖ים וַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרεἶπενשִׁמְט֖וּהָαὐτήνוַֽיִּשְׁמְט֑וּהָαὐτήνוַיִּ֨זἐρραντίσθηמִדָּמָ֧הּαὐτῆςאֶל־πρὸςהַקִּ֛ירτοῖξονוְאֶל־πρὸςהַסּוּסִ֖יםἵππουςוַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃αὐτήν

10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

2 Kings 9:33אָמַרand he saidand he saidאָמַרשָׁמַטlet fall helet fall herשָׁמַטשָׁמַטand they leand they let faשָׁמַטנָזָהand it spatand it spattereנָזָהדָּםsome of blosome of blood hדָּםאֶלtotoאֶלקִירthe wallthe wallקִיראֶלand toand toאֶלסוּסthe horsesthe horsesסוּסרָמַסand he tramand he trampledרָמַסדָּמַםto silenceto silence: staדָּמַםקוּרto digto digקוּרפָּרָשׁhorsehorseפָּרָשׁנָזָהto sprinklto sprinkleנָזָהפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫הכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהאֶצְבַּעfingerfingerאֶצְבַּעדָּםbloodbloodדָּםזָרַקto scatterto scatterזָרַקנָקִיinnocentinnocentנָקִישָׁתַןto urinateto urinateשָׁתַןחָתַרto digto digחָתַרפֶּ֫רֶדmulemuleפֶּ֫רֶדמֶרְכָּבָהchariotchariotמֶרְכָּבָהחוֹחַthistlethistleחוֹחַחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 2 Kings 9:33

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.mer and he said H559 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
שִׁמְט֖וּהָshim.tu.h let fall her H8058 Verb qal imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to release or let something go, like dropping something or stopping an activity. It can also mean to throw something down or cause it to fall. The KJV translates it as release, overthrow, or let rest.
Amplified meaning
let go, release
Tyndale gloss
to release
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁמַט (shamat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to let drop or fall. It encompasses various nuances such as releasing, discontinuing, or overthrowing. The word appears in different forms, including Qal (to let drop), Niphal (to be thrown down), and Hiphil (to cause to let drop). The entries highlight its use in contexts of release and descent.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁמַט] vb. let drop

Qal let drop, fall

Niph. their judges have been thrown down

Hiph. thou shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8058 [שָׁמַט] let drop .let drop, fall

. their judges have been thrown down

. thou shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8058 shamat shaw-mat'

a primitive root; to fling down; incipiently to jostle;

figuratively, to let alone, desist, remit:--discontinue,

overthrow, release, let rest, shake, stumble, throw down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמַט (sha.mat) — to release.

1) to release, let drop or loose or rest or fall

1a) (Qal) to let drop or fall

1b) (Niphal) to be made to fall down, be thrown down

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to let drop

1c2) to release, let drop

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp | Suff — Verb qal imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
HVqv2mp/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
וַֽיִּשְׁמְט֑וּהָvai.yish.me.Tu.ha and they let fall her H8058 Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to release or let something go, like dropping something or stopping an activity. It can also mean to throw something down or cause it to fall. The KJV translates it as release, overthrow, or let rest.
Amplified meaning
cast, sent
Tyndale gloss
to release
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁמַט (shamat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to let drop or fall. It encompasses various nuances such as releasing, discontinuing, or overthrowing. The word appears in different forms, including Qal (to let drop), Niphal (to be thrown down), and Hiphil (to cause to let drop). The entries highlight its use in contexts of release and descent.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁמַט] vb. let drop

Qal let drop, fall

Niph. their judges have been thrown down

Hiph. thou shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8058 [שָׁמַט] let drop .let drop, fall

. their judges have been thrown down

. thou shalt cause thy hand to let drop, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8058 shamat shaw-mat'

a primitive root; to fling down; incipiently to jostle;

figuratively, to let alone, desist, remit:--discontinue,

overthrow, release, let rest, shake, stumble, throw down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמַט (sha.mat) — to release.

1) to release, let drop or loose or rest or fall

1a) (Qal) to let drop or fall

1b) (Niphal) to be made to fall down, be thrown down

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to let drop

1c2) to release, let drop

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
Hc/Vqw3mp/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
וַיִּ֨זvai.Yiz and it spattered H5137 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To spring or spirt means to jump or leap, and can also mean to sprinkle something, often in a ritual. This word is used in the Bible to describe actions like sprinkling water for purification. It is a verb that implies sudden movement.
Amplified meaning
was sprinkled, spilled
Tyndale gloss
to sprinkle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָזָה (nazah) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to spurt or sprinkle, especially in contexts of expiation. It can also imply the action of springing or leaping, with the Hiphil form indicating causing something to spurt or sprinkle upon. Notably, there is a debate about its application in Isaiah 52:15, where some lexicons suggest a connection to the idea of springing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָזָה] vb. spurt, spatter; Hiph. sprinkle

Qal spurt, spatter

Hiph. cause to spurt, sprinkle upon

base

[נָזָה] vb. (dub.) spring, leap;—hence, acc. to many, Hiph. Is 52:15

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5137a נָזָה spurt, spatter; Hiph. sprinkle H5137b נָזָה (dub.) spring, leap

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5137 nazah naw-zaw'

a primitive root; to spirt, i.e. besprinkle (especially in

expiation):--sprinkle.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָזָה (na.zah) — to sprinkle.

1) to spurt, spatter, sprinkle

1a) (Qal) to spurt, spatter

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to spurt, sprinkle upon

נָזָה (na.zah) — to spring.

1) to spring, leap

1a) (Hiphil) to cause to leap, startle

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
מִדָּמָ֧הּmi.da.Mah some of blood her H1818 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
360× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Blood refers to the liquid that flows through the body, essential for life. In the Bible, blood is often used to symbolize life, guilt, or sacrifice, as seen in the story of Jesus' crucifixion.
Amplified meaning
the liquid essential for life
Tyndale gloss
blood
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּם (dam) means 'blood' and refers to the blood of both humans and animals. It is often associated with death, particularly when shed, and can also figuratively denote the juice of grapes or bloodshed. The term carries religious significance and is used in various contexts, including references to guilt and innocence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּם 300 n.m. blood

blood of man or animal

usually blood become visible

blood used with religious significance

fig. of wine

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1818 דָּם blood

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1818 dam dawm

from 1826 (compare 119); blood (as that which when shed

causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of

the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed

(i.e. drops of blood):--blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), +

innocent.

see HEBREW for 01826

see HEBREW for 0119

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּם (dam) — blood.

1) blood

1a) of wine (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
הַקִּ֛ירha.Kir the wall H7023 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
75× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a wall, often referring to the walls of houses, chambers, or even the altar. It is used to describe structures built for protection or division. The KJV translates it as wall or side.
Amplified meaning
a barrier, a dividing structure
Tyndale gloss
wall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קִיר (qir) means 'wall' and can refer to the walls of a house, chamber, or altar sides. It is derived from a root that is not clearly defined. The word appears in contexts such as Isaiah 22:5, where it is used to describe a wall.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קִיר 74 n.m. wall (√ unknown)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7023 קִיר wall (√ unknown)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7023 qiyr keer

or qir (Isa. 22:5) {keer}; or (feminine) qiyrah {kee-raw'};

from 6979; a wall (as built in a trench):--+ mason, side,

town, X very, wall.

see HEBREW for 06979

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קִיר (qir) — wall.

1) wall, side

1a) wall (of house or chamber)

1b) the sides (of the altar)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wol.

See ARCHITECTURE; CITY; FORTIFICATION; HOUSE; JERUSALEM; VILLAGE.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wall

Cities were surrounded by walls, as distinguished from “unwalled villages” (Ezek. 38:11; Lev. 25:29-34). They were made thick and strong (Num. 13:28; Deut. 3:5). Among the Jews walls were built of stone, some of those in the temple being of great size (1 Kings 6:7; 7:9-12; 20:30; Mark 13:1, 2). The term is used metaphorically of security and safety (Isa. 26:1; 60:18; Rev. 21:12-20). (See FENCE.)

and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
וְאֶל־ve.'el- and to H413 Conjunction · preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
הַסּוּסִ֖יםha.su.Sim the horses H5483 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Amplified meaning
chariot horses, swift and powerful
Tyndale gloss
swallow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift

base

סוּס 138 n.m. horse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5483 cuwc soos

or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,

for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid

flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.

see HEBREW for 06571

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּס (sus) — swallow.

swallow, swift

סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).

This name means horse

סוּס (sus) — horse.

1) horse

1a) chariot horses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Were anciently less used for labor, in Bible land, than oxen and asses. They were used by princes and warriors, both with and without chariots, Ex 14:9,23 Es 6:8 Ec 10:7. The finest description of the war-horse ever written is found in one of the most ancient books, Job 39:19-25. Horses were common in Egypt, Ge 47:17 50:9 So 1:9; but the Jews were at first forbidden to go there for them, De 17:16, or the keep any large number, Jos 11:6

and he said let fall her and they let fall her and it spattered some of blood her to the wall and to the horses and he trampled her
וַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃Vai.yir.me.Se.nah and he trampled her H7429 Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to trample or tread on something, often in a violent or abusive manner. It is used in the Bible to describe oppression or mistreatment. In KJV translations, it is rendered as 'oppressor' or 'trample'.
Amplified meaning
tread, crushed
Tyndale gloss
to trample
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָמַס (ramas) is a Hebrew verb meaning to trample or tread upon. It is a primitive root that conveys the action of stepping heavily, often in a way that implies oppression or force. The verb appears in both the Qal form, indicating active tramping, and the Niphal form, suggesting a passive state of being trampled.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָמַס vb. trample

Qal trample

Niph. be trampled

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7429 רָמַס trample

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7429 ramac raw-mas'

a primitive root; to tread upon (as a potter, in walking or

abusively):--oppressor, stamp upon, trample (under feet),

tread (down, upon).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָמַס (ra.mas) — to trample.

1) to trample

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to trample

1a2) trampler (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be trampled

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
Hc/Vqw3ms/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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