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1 Chronicles 8:13 — Word Study

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WLCוּבְרִעָ֣ה וָשֶׁ֔מַע הֵ֚מָּה רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֔וֹת לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י אַיָּל֑וֹן הֵ֥מָּה הִבְרִ֖יחוּ אֶת־ י֥וֹשְׁבֵי גַֽת׃

BSAand BeriahBᵉrîyʻâh [a friend, companion] and ShemaShemaʻ [hear, listen, obey] whohêm were the headsrôʼsh [chiefs, leaders] of familiesʼâb [fathers' households] living inyâshab AijalonʼAyâlôwn [field of deer, a city in Palestine] and whohêm drove outbârach [put to flight, caused to flee] the inhabitantsyâshab [people, dwellers] of GathGath [winepress, a major Philistine city]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 8
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Gat) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Chronicles 8:13quick helps
In a sentenceBeriah and Shema are identified as leaders of families in Aijalon who drove out the inhabitants of Gath.
Who is speakingThe chronicler, recounting the genealogies of Israel.
Where we areIn a list of descendants, detailing the heads of families.
The hard wordהִבְרִ֖יחוּ
Take awayThese leaders took decisive action against the inhabitants of Gath.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהֵמָּה verbבָּרַח The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 8:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Genealogy of Benjamingenerated

12The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages),
13and Beriah and Shema (who were the heads of families of the inhabitants of Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath).
14Ahio, Shashak, Jeremoth,
15Zebadiah, Arad, Eder,

1 Chronicles 8:13 lists Beriah and Shema as heads of families among the inhabitants of Aijalon. This verse highlights their leadership roles and the actions they took against the inhabitants of Gath, emphasizing their significance in the genealogical record of Israel. The context of this passage is focused on the descendants of Benjamin, illustrating the importance of family lineage in Israel's history.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Chronicles 2:49–50She was also the mother of Shaaph father of Madmannah, and of Sheva father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Acsah.
21 Chronicles 4:4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.
3Joshua 19:42Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah,

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

AijalonJoshua 19:42

The Key Word בְּרִיעָה, u.ve.ri.'Ahgenerated

The name בְּרִיעָה (Beriah) means 'with a friend' and is associated with multiple individuals in the Old Testament, including a son of Asher and a Benjamite. The parsing as a proper noun indicates it refers specifically to a person rather than a common noun.

Beriah's role as a leader is underscored here, as he is mentioned alongside Shema, indicating their importance in the community of Aijalon. The name's meaning suggests a connection to companionship, which may reflect the nature of their leadership.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase and Beriah and Shema to introduce the leaders.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the sentence is הִבְרִ֖יחוּ, they put to flight, which governs the actions of the subjects, Beriah and Shema. The sentence structure emphasizes their roles as leaders and their decisive actions against the inhabitants of Gath.

The sentence contains a series of noun phrases that describe the subjects and their actions, highlighting the relationship between the leaders and the inhabitants of Aijalon and Gath.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בְּרִיעָה as βεριγα, maintaining the name while possibly altering its connotation. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey the significance of Beriah in a Greek context.

The Greek rendering of the actions emphasizes the leaders' decisive role in driving out the inhabitants, aligning with the Hebrew text's focus on their authority.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 8:13 mentions Beriah and Shema as heads of families in Aijalon who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. This verse highlights their leadership and the actions they took against the Philistines.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Who were Beriah and Shema?

Beriah and Shema were leaders among the families in Aijalon, noted for their roles in driving out the inhabitants of Gath.

What does the name Beriah mean?

The name Beriah means 'with a friend' and is associated with several individuals in the Bible.

What significance does Aijalon have?

Aijalon was a city in Palestine and served as a Levitical city, indicating its importance in the Israelite community.

What does it mean that they drove out the inhabitants of Gath?

This means that Beriah and Shema led efforts to remove or defeat the people living in Gath, a significant Philistine city.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn from the leadership of Beriah and Shema in our own communities?
  2. How does understanding the genealogies in the Bible help us appreciate the history of Israel?
  3. In what ways can we take decisive action against challenges in our lives, similar to how Beriah and Shema acted?
  4. What does the name Beriah suggest about the importance of companionship in leadership?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 8:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Beriah also, and Shema,.... These were sons of Elpaal: who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon; which, though in the tribe of Dan, Joshua 19:42 might afterwards come into the

Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 8 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath: Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads ... of the inhabitants of Aijalon -

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 8 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Aijalon; a place formerly belonging to the tribe of Dan, ; but after the return from Babylon possessed by the Benjamites, because both Dan and the rest of the ten tribes were yet for the generality of them in captivity, and but few of them returned. Who drove away the inhabitants of Gath; either, 1. At that time when they made such a slaughter among Ephraim’ s children, , and were possibly pursuing their victory till they were driven back by these Benjamites, who came to the succour of their brethren. Or, 2. Now when they were returned from the captivity, and found the men of Gath possessed of Aijalon. Or, 3. At some other time not mentioned in Scripture.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 8 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Chronicles 8:13 Beriah also, and Shema, who [were] heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath:Ver. 13. Who drove away the inhabitants of Gath.] See 1 Chronicles 7:21.

Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 8 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Beriah also, and Shema.—After these two names the Masoretic punctuators have put a stop. Thus 1 Chronicles 8:12-13 give five sons of Elpaal. Or 1 Chronicles 8:13 may be disconnected from 1 Chronicles 8:12, and Beriah and Shema regarded as beginning a new series of Benjamite clans. Who were heads of the fathers. . . .—Rather, “THEY were heads of the clans of the inhabitants of Aijalon; THEY put to flight the inhabitants of Gath.” The pronoun is emphatic in both cases. The clans of Beriah and Shema, who were settled at Ajalon (Yalo), near Gibeon, appear to have expelled a Gittite population from Ajalon, and dwelt in their stead. At all events, there is evident allusion to some famous…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 8 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. of the fathers] R.V. of fathers’ houses, as in 1 Chronicles 8:10. drove away] R.V. put to flight. Probably an allusion to some fight the memory of which was kept alive in local song. Cp. 1 Chronicles 7:21-22. Aijalon] Joshua 10:12; 1 Samuel 14:31.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 8 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

and Beriah and Shema (who were the heads of families of the inhabitants of Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath).

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and Beriah and Shema, who were heads of fathers’ households of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who put to flight the inhabitants of Gath;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

and Beriah and Shema (who were the heads of families living in Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath).

NETBNew English Translation2006

Beriah, and Shema. They were leaders of the families living in Aijalon and chased out the inhabitants of Gath.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and Beriah, and Shema, who were heads of fathers’ houses of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who put to flight the inhabitants of Gath;

RVARevised Version, American1894

and Beriah, and Shema, who were heads of fathers’ houses of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who put to flight the inhabitants of Gath;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Ajalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Beriah and Shema (which were the chiefe fathers among the inhabitants of Aialon: they draue away the inhabitants of Gath)

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and Beriah, and Shema, who were chief fathers of the inhabitants of Ajalon; they drove away the inhabitants of Gath.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and Beriah and Shema, (they [are] the heads of fathers to the inhabitants of Aijalon — they caused to flee the inhabitants of Gath),

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and Beriah and Shema (they [are] the heads of fathers to the inhabitants of Aijalon—they caused the inhabitants of Gath to flee),

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And Beri'ah, and Shema', who were the heads of the family divisions of the inhabitants of Ayalon; these were those who drove away the inhabitants of Gath;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

There were also Beriah and Shema. They were heads of the fathers' houses of those living in Aijalon, who drove out the inhabitants of Gath.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And Baria, and Sama were heads of their kindreds that dwelt in Aialon: these drove away the inhabitants of Geth.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

and Beriah and Shema, who were family heads living in Aijalon and who drove away the people who lived in Gath.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And Beriah and Shema, who were heads of the families of those who were living in Aijalon, who put to flight the people living in Gath;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausenoun phrase · predicateבְרִעָ֣הBeriahוָandשֶׁ֔מַעShemaclausesubjectהֵ֚מָּהtheynoun phrase · predicatenoun phraseרָאשֵׁ֣י[were].the.headsnoun phraseהָofאָב֔וֹתthe.fathersprepositional phraseלְofnoun phraseיוֹשְׁבֵ֖יthe.inhabitantsאַיָּל֑וֹןof.Aijalonclausesubjectהֵ֥מָּהtheyverbהִבְרִ֖יחוּthey.put.to.flightnoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseי֥וֹשְׁבֵיthe.inhabitantsגַֽתof.Gath

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 11 of the 12 words matched. The Septuagint's translation reflects the same core meaning but may differ in structure and emphasis.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּבְרִעָ֣ה וָשֶׁ֔מַע הֵ֚מָּה רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֔וֹת לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י אַיָּל֑וֹן הֵ֥מָּה הִבְרִ֖יחוּ אֶת־ י֥וֹשְׁבֵי גַֽת׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּבְרִעָ֣הβεριγαוָשֶׁ֔מַעσαμαהֵ֚מָּהοὗτοιרָאשֵׁ֣יἄρξοντεςהָאָב֔וֹתπατριῶνלְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖יκατοικοῦσινאַיָּל֑וֹןαιλαμהֵ֥מָּהοὗτοιהִבְרִ֖יחוּἐχεδίωχανי֥וֹשְׁבֵיκατοικοῦνταςגַֽת׃γεθ

11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 8:13בְּרִיעָהand Beriahand Beriahבְּרִיעָהשֶׁ֫מַעand Shemaand Shemaשֶׁ֫מַעהֵ֫מָּהtheytheyהֵ֫מָּהרֹאשׁ[were] [the[were] [the] chרֹאשׁאָבthe fathersthe fathersאָביָשַׁבof [the] inof [the] inhabiיָשַׁבאַיָּלוֹןAijalonAijalonאַיָּלוֹןהֵ֫מָּהtheytheyהֵ֫מָּהבָּרַחthey put tothey put to fliבָּרַחאֵתthe object the object markאֵתיָשַׁב[the] inhab[the] inhabitanיָשַׁבגַּתGathGathגַּתהֲלַךְto goto goהֲלַךְאַיָּלdeerdeerאַיָּלאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתרַעbad: harmfbad: harmfulרַעשֶׁ֫מַעsoundsoundשֶׁ֫מַעגַּתwine presswine pressגַּתמְרִיrebellionrebellionמְרִיסֵ֫פֶרscroll: doscroll: documenסֵ֫פֶרבֶּ֫טַחsecuritysecurityבֶּ֫טַחכְּנַעֲנִיCanaanitesCanaanitessכְּנַעֲנִישֶׂ֫רַחSerahSerahשֶׂ֫רַחיִשְׁוָהIshvahIshvahיִשְׁוָהבֵּןson: childson: childבֵּןעֲטָרָהcrowncrownעֲטָרָהנָשִׂיאleaderleaderנָשִׂיאקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַראֵםmothermotherאֵםשַׁעַלְבִיםShaalbimShaalbimשַׁעַלְבִים
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 8:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
וּבְרִעָ֣הu.ve.ri.'Ah and Beriah H1283 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Beriah was the name of several Israelites, including a Levite and a Benjamite, and means with a friend. It appears in various biblical accounts, including 1 Chronicles, as the name of different individuals.
Amplified meaning
a friend, companion
Tyndale gloss
Beriah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בְּרִיעָה (Bri'ah) refers to a name associated with four different Israelites: a son of Asher, a son of Ephraim, a Benjamite, and a Levite. The name is linked to the meaning 'with a friend.' The entries indicate that Beriah appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, highlighting its connection to multiple tribes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בְּרִיעָה n.pr.m.

a son of Asher

son of Ephraim

a Benjamite

a Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1283 בְּרִיעָה . a son of Asher

. son of Ephraim

. a Benjamite

. a Levite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1283 Briy`ah ber-ee'-aw

apparently from the feminine of 7451 with a prepositional

prefix; in trouble; Beriah, the name of four Israelites:--

Beriah.

see HEBREW for 07451

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בְּרִיעָה (be.ri.ah) — Beriah.

A man of the tribe of Asher living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.17;

son of: Asher (H0836);

brother of: Imnah (H3232), Ishvah (H3438), Ishvi (H3440) and Serah (H8294);

father of: Heber (H2268) and Malchiel (H4439); also called Beriite at Num.26.44;

Also named: be.ri.i (בְּרִיעִי "Beriite" H1284)

§ Beriah = "with a friend"

1) a son of Asher

2) a son of Ephraim

3) a Benjamite

4) a Levite

בְּרִיעָה (be.ri.ah) — Beriah.

A man of the tribe of Ephraim living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.7.23;

son of: Ephraim (H0669);

brother of: Shuthelah (H7803), Becher (H1071H), Tahan (H8465), Ezer (H5827) and Elead (H0496);

father of: Sheerah (H7609), Rephah (H7506) and Resheph (H7566)

§ Beriah = "with a friend"

1) a son of Asher

2) a son of Ephraim

3) a Benjamite

4) a Levite

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Beriah

A gift, or in evil. (1.) One of Asher’s four sons, and father of Heber (Gen. 46:17).

(2.) A son of Ephraim (1 Chr. 7:20-23), born after the slaughter of his brothers, and so called by his father “because it went evil with his house” at that time.

(3.) A Benjamite who with his brother Shema founded Ajalon and expelled the Gittites (1 Chr. 8:13).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(in evil, or a gift). A son of Asher. (Genesis 46:17; Numbers 26:44,45) A son of Ephraim. (1 Chronicles 7:20-23) A Benjamite. (1 Chronicles 8:13,16) A Levite. (1 Chronicles 23:10,11)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

in fellowship; in envy

Nave's Topical Bible

1. Son of Asher Ge 46:17; Nu 26:44,45; 1Ch 7:30

2. Son of Ephraim 1Ch 7:20-23

3. A Benjamite 1Ch 8:13

4. Son of Shimei 1Ch 23:10,11

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
וָשֶׁ֔מַעva.She.ma' and Shema H8087 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shema is a name and a place in the Bible, meaning 'hear' or 'listen'. It appears in Nehemiah and other books as the name of several Israelites and a location in Palestine.
Amplified meaning
hear, listen, obey
Tyndale gloss
Shema
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫מַע (Shema) refers to a name meaning "hear" and is associated with several individuals from different tribes, including Judah, Reuben, and Benjamin. The entries highlight four notable figures named Shema, each linked to specific genealogies and events in the Old Testament, particularly during the Divided Monarchy and the Exile and Return.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫מַע n.pr.m.

in Judah

in Reuben

in Benj.

post-ex.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8087 שֶׁ֫מַע

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8087 Shema` sheh'-mah

for the same as 8088; Shema, the name of a place in Palestine

and of four Israelites:--Shema.

see HEBREW for 08088

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — Shema.

A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.43;

son of: Hebron (H2275I);

brother of: Korah (H7141J), Tappuah (H8599A) and Rekem (H7552I);

father of: Raham (H7357)

§ Shema = "hear"

1) a Reubenite, son of Joel, father of Azaz, and grandfather of Bela

2) a Judaite, son of Hebron and father of Raham

3) a Benjamite, son of Elpaal who along with his brother Beriah were heads of their fathers houses in Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. Probably the same as 'Shimhi'

4) an Israelite who stood on the right hand of Ezra as he read the Law to the people

שֶׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — Shema.

A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.8;

son of: Joel (H3100J);

father of: Azaz (H5811)

§ Shema = "hear"

1) a Reubenite, son of Joel, father of Azaz, and grandfather of Bela

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Shema

Rumour. (1.) A Reubenite (1 Chr. 5:8).

(2.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:13).

(3.) One who stood by Ezra when he read the law (Neh. 8:4).

(4.) A town in the south of Judah (Josh. 15:26); the same as Sheba (ver. 5).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

A Reubenite, ancestor of Bela. (1 Chronicles 5:8) (B.C. before 1090.) Son of Elpaal. (1 Chronicles 8:13) Probably the same as Shimhi. (B.C. after 1450.) One of those who stood at Ezra’s right hand when he read the law to the people. (Nehemiah 8:4) (B.C. 458.) (Joshua 15:26) [SHEBA]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

hearing; obeying

Nave's Topical Bible

1. A city of the tribe of Judah Jos 15:26

2. A son of Hebron 1Ch 2:43,44

3. Son of Joel 1Ch 5:8

Called SHEMAIAH 1Ch 5:4

4. A Benjamite 1Ch 8:13

5. A man who stood at the right hand of Ezra when he read the law to the people Ne 8:4

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
הֵ֚מָּהHe.mah they H1992 Pronoun
553× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Tyndale gloss
they(masc.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1992 hem haym

or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from

1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)

many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,

their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

see HEBREW for 01981

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).

they, these, the same, who

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3mp
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
רָאשֵׁ֣יra.Shei [were] [the] chiefs of H7218 Noun common · masculine plural construct
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Amplified meaning
chiefs, leaders
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
הָאָב֔וֹתha.'a.Vot the fathers H1 Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
1,213× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Amplified meaning
fathers' households
Tyndale gloss
father
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָב 1101 n.m. father

father of individual

of God as father of his people

head of household, family or clan

ancestor

originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

fig. of producer, generator

fig. of benevolence & protection

term of respect & honor

specif., ruler, chief (late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1 אָב father . father of individual

. of God as father of his people

. head of household, family or clan

. ancestor

. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

. fig. of producer, generator

. fig. of benevolence & protection

. term of respect & honor

. specif., ruler, chief (late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1 'ab awb

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or

figurative and remote application):--chief,

(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names

in "Abi-".

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָב (av) — father.

1) father of an individual

2) of God as father of his people

3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan

4) ancestor

4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person

4b) of people

5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

6) of producer, generator (fig.)

7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)

8) term of respect and honour

9) ruler or chief (spec.)

Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)

אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;

Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)

אָב (av) — father of.

The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;

son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
HTd/Ncfpa
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖יle.yo.she.Vei of [the] inhabitants of H3427 Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common
1,079× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell

Qal

sit

sit, sit down

sit down

sit = be set (as a jewel)

remain, stay, tarry

with special emphasis of qualifying phr.

dwell, have one’s abode

of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited

Niph. be inhabited, of land

Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee

Hiph.

cause to sit

cause to abide

cause to dwell

cause cities to be inhabited

marry (prop. give a dwelling to)

Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3427 yashab yaw-shab'

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as

judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to

remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)

abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease

self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)

inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),

(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),

(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),

take, tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.

1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sit, sit down

1a2) to be set

1a3) to remain, stay

1a4) to dwell, have one's abode

1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited

1c) (Piel) to set, place

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to sit

1d2) to cause to abide, set

1d3) to cause to dwell

1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited

1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be inhabited

1e2) to make to dwell

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Qal — Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common
HR/Vqrmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
אַיָּל֑וֹן'ai.ya.Lon Aijalon H357 Noun proper
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aijalon is a city in Palestine, meaning field of deer. It was a Levitical city in Dan, later ruled by various groups including the Amorites and Philistines.
Amplified meaning
field of deer, a city in Palestine
Tyndale gloss
Aijalon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַיָּלוֹן (Ayalown) means 'deer-field' and refers to Aijalon, a name for five locations in Palestine. It is identified as a Levitical city in Dan, located northwest of Jerusalem, and has historical ties to the Amorites, Benjamites, and Philistines.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַיָּלוֹן n.pr.loc. (Deer-field) Aijalon

city in Dan

city in Zebulun

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H357 אַיָּלוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

357 'Ayalown ah-yaw-lone'

from 354; deer-field; Ajalon, the name of five places in

Palestine:--Aijalon, Ajalon.

see HEBREW for 0354

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַיָּלוֹן (ay.ya.lon) — Aijalon.

§ Ajalon or Aijalon = "field of deer"

Levitical city in Dan, 14 miles or 25 km NW of Jerusalem, later ruled by the Amorites, then the Benjamites of Judah, then by the Philistines

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-ja-lon ('ayyalon, "deerplace"; the King James Version, Ajalon (Jos 10:12)):

(1) The name of a town allotted to the tribe of Da (Jos 19:42), which was also designated a Levitical city (Jos 21:24), which fell to the Sons of Kohath (1Ch 6:69). The first mention of Aijalon is in the narrative of Joshua's defeat of the five Amorite kings: "thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon" (Jos 10:12). The Danites failed to take it from the Amorites (Jud 1:35), although the men of Ephraim held it in vassalage. Here Saul and Jonathan won a great victory over the Philistines (

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See AJALON

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
הֵ֥מָּהHe.mah they H1992 Pronoun
553× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Tyndale gloss
they(masc.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1992 hem haym

or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from

1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)

many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,

their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

see HEBREW for 01981

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).

they, these, the same, who

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3mp
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
הִבְרִ֖יחוּhiv.Ri.chu they put to flight H1272 Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common plural
65× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To flee means to run away quickly, as seen in the Bible when people escaped from danger or pursued others, like in the story of David and Absalom.
Amplified meaning
put to flight, caused to flee
Tyndale gloss
to flee
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּרַח (barach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to flee or run away. It can also imply going through or hastening, with different nuances in its forms, such as causing someone to flee in the Hiphil stem. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including sudden flight or urgency.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּרַח vb. go through, flee

Qal

go or pass through, of bar

flee

flee = hasten, come quickly

Hiph.

pass through

cause to flee, put to flight

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1272 בָּרַח go through, flee

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1272 barach baw-rakh'

a primitive root; to bolt, i.e. figuratively, to flee

suddenly:--chase (away); drive away, fain, flee (away), put to

flight, make haste, reach, run away, shoot.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּרַח (ba.rach) — to flee.

1) to go through, flee, run away, chase, drive away, put to flight, reach, shoot (extend), hurry away

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go, pass through

1a2) to flee

1a3) to hasten, come quickly

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to pass through

1b2) to cause to flee, put to flight

1b3) to drive away

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common plural
HVhp3cp
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
י֥וֹשְׁבֵיYo.o.she.vei [the] inhabitants of H3427 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural common
1,079× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
people, dwellers
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell

Qal

sit

sit, sit down

sit down

sit = be set (as a jewel)

remain, stay, tarry

with special emphasis of qualifying phr.

dwell, have one’s abode

of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited

Niph. be inhabited, of land

Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee

Hiph.

cause to sit

cause to abide

cause to dwell

cause cities to be inhabited

marry (prop. give a dwelling to)

Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3427 yashab yaw-shab'

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as

judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to

remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)

abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease

self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)

inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),

(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),

(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),

take, tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.

1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sit, sit down

1a2) to be set

1a3) to remain, stay

1a4) to dwell, have one's abode

1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited

1c) (Piel) to set, place

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to sit

1d2) to cause to abide, set

1d3) to cause to dwell

1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited

1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be inhabited

1e2) to make to dwell

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural common
HVqrmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Beriah and Shema they [were] [the] chiefs of the fathers of [the] inhabitants of Aijalon they they put to flight the object marker [the] inhabitants of Gath
גַֽת׃Gat Gath H1661 Noun proper
33× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Gath was a major city of the Philistines, the same people who lived in Goliath's hometown, and its name means winepress in Hebrew.
Amplified meaning
winepress, a major Philistine city
Tyndale gloss
Gath
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּת (gat) refers to a Philistine city, meaning 'winepress.' It is noted as one of the five chief cities of the Philistines and is recognized as the native city of Goliath. The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun related to a specific location.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּת n.pr.loc. (wine-press)—Philistine city

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1661 גַּת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1661 Gath gath

the same as 1660; Gath, a Philistine city:--Gath.

see HEBREW for 01660

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּת (gat) — Gath.

§ Gath = "winepress"

one of the five royal or chief cities of the Philistines and the native city of Goliath

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

gath (gath; Septuagint Geth, "winepress"):

One of the five chief cities of the Philistines (Jos 13:3; 1Sa 6:17). It was a walled town (2Ch 26:6) and was not taken by Joshua, and, although many conflicts took place between the Israelites and its people, it does not seem to have been captured until the time of David (1Ch 18:1). It was rendered famous as the abode of the giant Goliath whom David slew (1Sa 17:4), and other giants of the same race (2Sa 21:18-22). It was to Gath that the Ashdodites conveyed the ark when smitten with the plague, and Gath was also smitten (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Gath

A wine-vat, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3) on which the ark brought calamity (1 Sam. 5:8, 9; 6:17). It was famous also as being the birthplace or residence of Goliath (1 Sam. 17:4). David fled from Saul to Achish, king of Gath (1 Sam. 21:10; 27:2-4; Ps. 56), and his connection with it will account for the words in 2 Sam. 1:20. It was afterwards conquered by David (2 Sam. 8:1). It occupied a strong position on the borders of Judah and Philistia (1 Sam. 21:10;

(a wine press), one of the five royal cities of the Philistines; (Joshua 13:3; 1 Samuel 6:17) and the native place of the giant Goliath. (1 Samuel 17:4,23) It probably stood upon the conspicuous hill now called Tell-es-Safieh , upon the side of the plain of Philistia, at the foot of the mountains of Judah; 10 miles east of Ashdod, and about the same distance south by east of Ekron. It is irregular in form, and about 200 feet high. Gath occupied a strong position, (2 Chronicles 11:8) on the border of Judah and Philistia, (1 Samuel 21:10; 1 Chronicles 18:1) and from its…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A city of the Philistines, and one of their five principalities, 1Sa 5:8 6:17. It was a notable city, in the border of the Philistines nearest to Jerusalem; but its site has long been lost. It was the home of Goliath, 1Sa 17:4. Compare Jos 11:22 2Sa 21:19-22. Here David sought a refuge form Saul, 1Sa 21:10 27:2-7. It came under his power in the beginning of his reign over all Israel, 1Ch 18:1, and continued subject to his successors till the declension of the kingdom of Judah. Rehoboam rebuilt or fortified it, 2Ch…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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