1 Chronicles 27:29 — Word Study
WLCוְעַל־ הַבָּקָר֙ הָרֹעִ֣ים בַּשָּׁר֔וֹן שִׁרְטַ֖י הַשָּׁרוֹנִ֑י וְעַל־ הַבָּקָר֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים שָׁפָ֖ט בֶּן־ עַדְלָֽי׃ ס
BSAShitraiShiṭray△ [from the plain of Sharon] the SharoniteShârôwnîy△ was in charge ofʻal the herdsbâqâr [cattle, domesticated oxen] grazingrâʻâh [feeding, pasturing] in SharonShârôwn [a plain in Palestine] ShaphatShâphâṭ [a leader] sonbên of AdlaiʻAdlay△ was in charge ofʻal the herdsbâqâr [oxen, cattle] in the valleysʻêmeq [lowland areas, plains]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעַל־ | and [was] over | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַבָּקָר֙ | the cattle | Particle, noun common both singular absolute |
| הָרֹעִ֣ים | which grazed | Particle, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural |
| בַּשָּׁר֔וֹן | in Sharon | Preposition, noun proper |
| שִׁרְטַ֖י | Shirtai | Noun proper masculine |
| הַשָּׁרוֹנִ֑י | the Sharonite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְעַל־ | and [was] over | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַבָּקָר֙ | the cattle | Particle, noun common both singular absolute |
| בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים | in the valleys | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| שָׁפָ֖ט | Shaphat | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עַדְלָֽי׃ ס | Adlai | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the herds grazing in Sharon. Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the herds in the valleys. |
| KJV | And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: |
| ASV | and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: |
| YLT | and over the herds that are feeding in Sharon [is] Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the herds in the valleys [is] Shaphat son of Adlai; |
| WEB | Over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite. Over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai. |
| BBE | And Shitrai the Sharonite was responsible for the herds in the grass-lands of Sharon, and Shaphat, the son of Adlai, for those in the valleys; |
Where they part company is הַבָּקָר֙ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with two main clauses, each detailing the responsibilities of a different official, clearly delineating their roles.
5 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 12 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 27:29
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Officials of King Davidgenerated
1 Chronicles 27:29 lists the officials appointed by King David to oversee various aspects of his kingdom, particularly livestock management. Shitrai the Sharonite was responsible for herds in Sharon, a fertile plain, while Shaphat son of Adlai managed herds in the valleys, indicating a structured approach to resource management in the kingdom. This organization reflects the importance of agriculture and livestock in ancient Israel's economy.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 5:16 | They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its towns, and throughout the pasturelands of Sharon. |
| 2 | Isaiah 65:10 | Sharon will become a pasture for flocks, and the Valley of Achor a resting place for herds, for My people who seek Me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁרְטַי, shit.raigenerated
The name שִׁטְרַי (*Shitrai*) identifies an official under King David, derived from a root meaning related to authority or leadership. His role as a herdsman indicates a position of responsibility over livestock, which was crucial for sustenance and economy in ancient Israel.
As a Sharonite, Shitrai's name connects him to the fertile region of Sharon, emphasizing his role in managing resources effectively. This reflects the broader theme of leadership and stewardship found throughout the historical narratives of the Old Testament.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb רֹעִ֣ים, which grazed, governs the entire sentence, with two main noun phrases following: one for Shitrai and another for Shaphat. The structure highlights the responsibilities of each official in distinct geographical areas.
The prepositional phrases clarify where each herdsman operates: בַּשָּׁר֔וֹן (in Sharon) and בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים (in the valleys), emphasizing the specific regions under their care.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, שִׁרְטַי is rendered as σατραις, indicating a straightforward translation of the name without additional interpretation. This shows a consistent understanding of Shitrai's role as an official.
The Greek word νομάδων is used for הָרֹעִ֣ים, which translates to 'shepherds' and emphasizes the pastoral aspect of their duties.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 27:29 tells us that Shitrai was responsible for the herds grazing in Sharon, while Shaphat, the son of Adlai, was in charge of herds in the valleys. This shows how King David organized his officials to manage livestock in different regions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that Shitrai had a leadership role overseeing livestock in a fertile area, which was important for agriculture.
Shaphat was the son of Adlai, tasked with managing herds in the valleys, showing the division of responsibilities among David's officials.
Valleys often represent fertile land for grazing, highlighting the agricultural significance of the region during King David's reign.
It indicates that Shitrai hailed from the region of Sharon, known for its rich agricultural land.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think are important for a leader managing resources, like Shitrai and Shaphat?
- How can understanding the roles of these officials enhance our view of King David's administration?
- What lessons can we learn from the organization of responsibilities in ancient Israel that apply to our lives today?
- How does the agricultural context of this verse help us understand the daily lives of people in ancient Israel?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 27:29 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: Herds that fed in Sharon - a fertile plain between Caesarea and Joppa.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 27 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSharon; a place famous for its fruitfulness. See 35:2.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 27 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(29) And over the herds that fed in Sharon.—Heb., the oxen that grazed in the Sharon. The Sharon (i.e., “the Level”) was a fertile strip of pasture-land running along the coast of the Mediterranean, between Cæsarea and Joppa. (See Son 2:1; Isaiah 33:9.) Shitrai.—Hebrew margin, Shirtai.Over the herds that were in the valleys.—Apparently the valleys of the highlands of Judah. Another reading is “in valleys.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 27 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges29. Sharon] The great maritime plain bounded on the East by the “lowland” (Shephelah). “The valleys” would probably be the depressions among the hills of the Shephelah which open out into Sharon; cp. Son 2:1.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 27 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleOF THE KING’S REVENUE, 25-31.This section is interesting as showing the various kinds and sources of David’s royal revenue.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 27 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the herds grazing in Sharon. Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the herds in the valleys.
Over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite. Over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai.
Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the herds grazing in Sharon. Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the herds in the valleys.
Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the cattle grazing in Sharon; Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the cattle in the valleys.
Tyndale line
And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai:
And ouer the oxen that fed in Sharon, was Shetrai the Sharonite: and ouer the oxen in the valleyes was Shaphat the sonne of Adlai:
Strictly literal
And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the herds in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai.
and over the herds that are feeding in Sharon [is] Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the herds in the valleys [is] Shaphat son of Adlai;
and Shitrai the Sharonite [is] over the herds that are feeding in Sharon; and Shaphat son of Adlai [is] over the herds in the valleys;
And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of 'Adlai.
Over the herds that were pastured in Sharon was Shitrai from Sharon, and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat son of Adlai.
From the Latin
And over the herds that fed in Saron, was Setrai a Saronite: and over the. oxen in the valleys, Saphat the son of Adli:
Simplified
Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the cattle in the Sharon pastures. Shaphat, son of Adlai, was in charge of the cattle in the valleys.
And Shitrai the Sharonite was responsible for the herds in the grass-lands of Sharon, and Shaphat, the son of Adlai, for those in the valleys;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states that 'Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the herds grazing in Sharon' and 'Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the herds in the valleys.' The Septuagint closely aligns with the Masoretic Text, matching 11 out of 12 words, indicating a strong agreement in content, though the exact wording and structure may differ due to translation choices. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional textual evidence for this specific verse, so the primary comparison remains between the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint.
וְעַל־ הַבָּקָר֙ הָרֹעִ֣ים בַּשָּׁר֔וֹן שִׁרְטַ֖י הַשָּׁרוֹנִ֑י וְעַל־ הַבָּקָר֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים שָׁפָ֖ט בֶּן־ עַדְלָֽי׃ ס
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 27:29
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common both singular absoluteHTd/Ncbsa
kat'-'-l (behemah, "a dumb beast"; miqneh, "a possession" from qanah, "to acquire" (compare Arabic qana', "to acquire," and Greek kienos, "beast," and plural ktenea, "flocks," from ktaomai, "to acquire," flocks being both with the Homeric peoples and with the patriarchs an important form of property; compare English "fee"); tso'n "small cattle," "sheep" or goats (compare Arabic da'n, "sheep"); seh, a single sheep or goat (compare Arabic shah); mela'khah, "property," from la'akh, "to minister" (compare Arabic malakah and mulk, "property," from malak, "to possess"); meri' "fatling" (1Ki 19); thremma (Joh 4:12), "cattle," i.e. "that which is nourished," from trepho, "to nourish"; baqar, "kine," "oxen" (compare Arabic baqar, "cattle"); shor, tor (Da 4:25), tauros (
Cattle
Abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deut. 8:13; 12:21; 1 Sam. 11:5; 12:3; Ps. 144:14; Jer. 3:24). They may be classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond Jordan (Num. 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile plains of Sharon. They were yoked to the plough (1 Kings 19:19), and were employed for carrying burdens (1 Chr.…
[BULL, BULLOCK].
The Hebrew word רָעָה (*ra'ah*) is built from a primitive root meaning to tend or pasture a flock. It covers a range of meanings including to graze, rule, associate with, and befriend. The term appears in contexts related to shepherding and companionship, with a specific mention of the 'binding-house of shepherds' in 2 Kings 10:12.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים perh. n.pr.loc. (binding-house of the shepherds) 2 K 10:12
base
רָעָה 167 vb. pasture, tend, graze
Qal
trans.
intrans.
Niph. poss.
Hiph. v.
base
[רָעָה] vb. prob. associate with
Qal cherish faithfulness
Hithp. do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man
base
[רָעָה] vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend;—Ju 14:20
ref
H7462a בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים binding-house of shepherds H7462b רָעָה pasture, tend, graze H7462c רָעָה prob. associate with H7462d רָעָה vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend
7462 ra`ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it;
intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively);
generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a
friend):--X break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat
up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with,
herdman, keep (sheep)(-er), pastor, + shearing house,
shepherd, wander, waste.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים (bet-e.qed ha.ro.im) — House of Shepherds.
Ra'ah = "pasturing"
perh. "binding-house of the shepherds"
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to pasture.
1) to pasture, tend, graze, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tend, pasture
1a1a) to shepherd
1a1b) of ruler, teacher (fig)
1a1c) of people as flock (fig)
1a1d) shepherd, herdsman (subst)
1a2) to feed, graze
1a2a) of cows, sheep etc (literal)
1a2b) of idolater, Israel as flock (fig)
1b) (Hiphil) shepherd, shepherdess
Also means: ro.i (רֹעִי "to shepherd" H7473)
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to accompany.
1) to associate with, be a friend of (meaning probable)
1a) (Qal) to associate with
1b) (Hithpael) to be companions
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to befriend.
(Piel) to be a special friend
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine pluralHTd/Vqrmpa
שָׁרוֹן (Sharown) refers to a region in Palestine known for its flat, fertile land. It is often described as a plain, particularly the maritime plain along the Mediterranean coast, extending from Joppa northward. The name may also relate to a district east of the Jordan River, near Gilead and Bashan.
שָׁרוֹן n.pr.loc. Sharon
(with art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr., fr, Joppa northward, noted for fertility
region E. of Jordan
base
H8289 שָׁרוֹן Sharon
8289 Sharown shaw-rone'
probably abridged from 3474; plain, Sharon, the name of a
place in Palestine:--Lasharon, Sharon.
see HEBREW for 03474
שָׁרוֹן (sha.ron) — Lasharon.
Lasharon or 'of Sharon'
"a plain"
A town possibly near Mt. Tabor
שָׁרוֹן (sha.ron) — Sharon.
This name means plain, level
Sharon = "a plain"
a district on the east of the Jordan around Gilead and Bashan
שָׁרוֹן (sha.ron) — Sharon.
This name means plain, level
Sharon = "a plain"
the district lying between the mountains of central Palestine and the Mediterranean Sea and north of Joppa
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHRd/Npl
shar'-un (ha-sharon, with the definite article possibly meaning "the plain"; to pedion, ho drumos, ho Saron):
(1) This name is attached to the strip of fairly level land which runs between the mountains and the shore of the Mediterranean, stretching from Nahr Ruben in the South to Mt. Carmel in the North. There are considerable rolling hills; but, compared with the mountains to the East, it is quite properly described as a plain. The soil is a deep rich loam, which is favorable to the growth of cereals. The orange, the vine and the olive grow to great perfection. When the many-colored flowers are in bloom it is a scene of rare beauty.
Of the streams in the plain four carry the bulk of the water from the western slopes of the mountains to the sea. They are also perennial, being fed by fountains. Nahr el-`Aujeh enters the sea to the North of Jaffa; Nahr Iskanderuneh 7 miles, and Nahr…
(a plain), a district of the holy land occasionally referred to in the Bible. (1 Chronicles 5:16; Isaiah 33:9) In (Acts 9:35) called SARON. The name has on each occurrence with one exception only, (1 Chronicles 5:16) the definite article; it would therefore appear that "the Sharon" was some well-defined region familiar to the Israelites. It is that broad, rich tract of land which lies between the mountains of the central part of the holy land and the Mediterranean --the northern continuation of the Shefelah. [PALESTINA AND PALESTINE] The Sharon of (2 Chronicles 5:16) to which allusion has already been made, is distinguished front the western plain by not having the article…
1. A plain adjoining the seacoast of Palestine between Carmel and Joppa, about sixty miles in length and of variable width, expanding inland as it stretches from the promontory of Carmel towards the south. It contains some sandy tracts, but the soil is in general highly productive, and the plain was of old famous for its beauty and fertility, 1Ch 27:29 So 2:1 Isa 33:9 35:2 65:10. It contained a town of the same name, called Saron in Ac 9:35.
The whole plain was once thickly populated, but is now comparatively uninhabited. The heat of summer is excessive, and the climate somewhat unhealthy. All travellers describe the view of the plain from the tower of Ramleh as one of…
his plain; his song
The Hebrew word שִׁטְרַי (*Shitray*) refers to an official of King David, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:29. It is derived from a root meaning 'magisterial.' The entries consistently identify Shitray as a personal name, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שִׁטְרַי n.pr.m. an official of David, 1 Ch 27:29 Kt
ref
H7861 שִׁטְרַי
7861 Shitray shit-rah'-ee
from the same as 7860; magisterial; Shitrai, an
Israelite:--Shitrai.
see HEBREW for 07860
שִׁטְרַי (shit.ray) — Shitrai.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.29
§ Shitrai = "my officers"
an official of David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
שָׁרוֹנִי (Sharowniy) refers to an inhabitant of Sharon, derived from the word for the plain region of Sharon (שָׁרוֹן). The term is used in contexts relating to the people or characteristics of this area, specifically noted in 1 Chronicles 27:29.
שָׁרוֹנִי adj.gent. 1 Ch 27:29.
done
H8290 שָׁרוֹן, שָׁרוֹנִי
8290 Sharowniy shaw-ro-nee'
patrial from 8289; a Sharonite or inhabitant of
Sharon:--Sharonite.
see HEBREW for 08289
שָׁרוֹנִי (sha.ro.ni) — Sharonite.
Group of sha.ron (שָׁרוֹן "Sharon" H8289I)
§ Sharonite, of Sharon "a plain"
inhabitant of the district of Sharon
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
shar'-un-it (ha-sharoni; ho Saroneites): Applied in Scripture only to Shitrai (1Ch 27:29).
See SHARON.
(belonging to Sharon), The Shitrai, who had charge of the royal herds in the plain of Sharon, (1 Chronicles 27:29) is the only Sharonite mentioned in the Bible.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common both singular absoluteHTd/Ncbsa
kat'-'-l (behemah, "a dumb beast"; miqneh, "a possession" from qanah, "to acquire" (compare Arabic qana', "to acquire," and Greek kienos, "beast," and plural ktenea, "flocks," from ktaomai, "to acquire," flocks being both with the Homeric peoples and with the patriarchs an important form of property; compare English "fee"); tso'n "small cattle," "sheep" or goats (compare Arabic da'n, "sheep"); seh, a single sheep or goat (compare Arabic shah); mela'khah, "property," from la'akh, "to minister" (compare Arabic malakah and mulk, "property," from malak, "to possess"); meri' "fatling" (1Ki 19); thremma (Joh 4:12), "cattle," i.e. "that which is nourished," from trepho, "to nourish"; baqar, "kine," "oxen" (compare Arabic baqar, "cattle"); shor, tor (Da 4:25), tauros (
Cattle
Abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deut. 8:13; 12:21; 1 Sam. 11:5; 12:3; Ps. 144:14; Jer. 3:24). They may be classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond Jordan (Num. 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile plains of Sharon. They were yoked to the plough (1 Kings 19:19), and were employed for carrying burdens (1 Chr.…
[BULL, BULLOCK].
The Hebrew word עֵ֫מֶק (*'emeq*) means 'vale' or 'valley,' indicating a broad depression in the landscape. It is derived from the root meaning 'deepening' or 'depth.' This term is often used in proper names, such as the Valley of Achor and the Valley of Elah, and covers a range of valleys and lowlands mentioned in the Old Testament.
עֵ֫מֶק 70 n.m. vale (prop. deepening, depth)
base
H6010 עֵ֫מֶק vale (prop. deepening, depth)
6010 `emeq ay'-mek
from 6009; a vale (i.e. broad depression):--dale, vale,
valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also 1025.
see HEBREW for 06009
see HEBREW for 01025
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Achor).
Combined with a.khor (עָכוֹר " of Achor" H5911)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Beracah).
Combined with be.ra.khah (בְּרָכָה " of Beracah" H1294H)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Elah).
Combined with e.lah (אֵלָה "Elah" H0425L)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Emek.
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Hebron).
Combined with chev.ron (חֶבְרוֹן " of Hebron" H2275H)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Topheth).
valley, vale, lowland, open country
Another name of to.phet (תֹּ֫פֶת "Topheth" H8612)
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Jezreel).
Combined with yiz.re.el (יִזְרְעֶאל " of Jezreel" H3157L)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
שָׁפָט (Shaphat) is a Hebrew name meaning "he hath judged." It refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including the father of the prophet Elisha and a prince of Simeon. The entries indicate that Shaphat is associated with various roles, such as a chief herdsman for David and a descendant of Zerubbabel. The name appears in multiple contexts, particularly during the time of the Divided Monarchy.
שָׁפָט n.pr.m. (he hath judged)
father of Elisha
prince of Simeon
grandson of Zerub.
Gaddite chief
herdsman of David
base
H8202 שָׁפָט
8202 Shaphat shaw-fawt'
from 8199; judge; Shaphat, the name of four
Israelites:--Shaphat.
see HEBREW for 08199
שָׁפָט (sha.phat) — Shaphat.
A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at Num.13.5;
son of: Hori (H2753)
§ Shaphat = "judged" or "he hath judged"
1) son of Hori and the prince of Simeon chosen to spy out the promised land
2) father of the prophet Elisha
3) a Judaite, son of Shemaiah and descendant of Zerubbabel in the royal line of Judah
4) a chief of the tribe of Gad
5) son of Adlai and chief herdsman for David over the herds in the valleys
שָׁפָט (sha.phat) — Shaphat.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.19.16;
father of: Elisha (H0477)
§ Shaphat = "judged" or "he hath judged"
1) son of Hori and the prince of Simeon chosen to spy out the promised land
2) father of the prophet Elisha
3) a Judaite, son of Shemaiah and descendant of Zerubbabel in the royal line of Judah
4) a chief of the tribe of Gad
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Shaphat
Judge. (1.) One of the spies. He represented the tribe of Simeon (Num. 13:5).
(2.) The father of Elisha (1 Kings 19:16-19).
(3.) One of David’s chief herdsmen (1 Chr. 27:29).
(judge). 1.The Simeonite spy, son of Hori. (Numbers 13:5) (B.C. 1490). The father of the prophet Elisha. (1 Kings 19:18,19; 2 Kings 3:11; 6:31) (B.C. before 900.) One of the six sons of Shemaiah in the royal line of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:22) (B.C. 350.) One of the chiefs of the Gadites in Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:12) (B.C. 750.) The son of Adlai, who was over David’s oxen in the valleys. (1 Chronicles 27:29) (B.C. 1020.)
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
The term "son" is used in Scripture language to imply almost any kind of descent or succession, as ben shanah , "son of a year," i.e. a year old; ben kesheth , "son of a bow," i.e. an arrow. The word bar is often found in the New Testament in composition, as Bar-timaeus.
Sometimes denotes a grandson, or any remote descendant, Ge 29:5 2Sa 19:24. At other times a son by adoption is meant, Ge 48:5; or by law, Ru 4:17; or by education, 1Sa 3:6 20:35; or by conversion, as Titus was Paul’s "son father the common faith," Tit 1:4. And again it denotes a mental or moral resemblance, etc., Jud 19:22 Ps 89:6 Isa 57:3 Ac 13:10. In a…
→ FIGURATIVE
Of a person' s relation to God Ex 4:22
See ADOPTION
See GOD, FATHERHOOD OF
See JESUS, SON OF GOD
See JESUS, SON OF MAN
עַדְלָ֑י (Adlay) is a proper name, likely derived from an uncertain root. It refers to an Israelite mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:29, identified as the father of Shaphat, who oversaw King David's herds. The name is interpreted to mean 'justice of Jehovah.'
עַדְלָ֑י n.pr.m. 1 Ch 27:29
ref
H5724 עַדְלָ֑י, עַדְלַי
5724 `Adlay ad-lah'-ee
probably from an unused root of uncertain meaning; Adlai, an
Israelite:--Adlai.
עַדְלָ֑י (ad.lay) — Adlai.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.29;
father of: Shaphat (H8202K)
§ Adlai = "justice of Jehovah"
ancestor of Shaphat, the overseer of David's herds
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm