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1 Chronicles 27:30 — Word Study

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WLCוְעַל־ הַ֨גְּמַלִּ֔ים אוֹבִ֖יל הַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑י וְעַל־ הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת יֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּ הַמֵּרֹנֹתִֽי׃ ס

BSAObilʼôwbîyl [the camel driver, a descendant of Ishmael] the IshmaeliteYishmâʻêʼlîy [a descendant of Abraham's son Ishmael] was in charge ofʻal the camelsgâmâl [used for riding or carrying loads] JehdeiahYechdîyâhûw [Jehovah is unity] the MeronothiteMêrônôthîy [from Meronoth, a place of joyful shouting] was in charge ofʻal the donkeysʼâthôwn [female donkeys, emphasizing their gentle nature]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 27
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 30 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.me.ro.no.Ti) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
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1 Chronicles 27:30quick helps
In a sentenceObil and Jehdeiah are named as the officials in charge of camels and donkeys, respectively.
Who is speakingThe chronicler, listing the officials serving under King David.
Where we areIn a section detailing the organization of King David's officials and their responsibilities.
The hard wordהַגְּמַלִּ֔ים
Take awayThe roles of these officials reflect the management of royal resources.
5 commentators on this verse Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 27:30

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Organization of David's Officialsgenerated

29Shitrai the Sharonite was in charge of the herds grazing in Sharon. Shaphat son of Adlai was in charge of the herds in the valleys.
30Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.
31Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the flocks. All these officials were in charge of King David’s property.
32David’s uncle Jonathan was a counselor; he was a man of insight and a scribe. Jehiel son of Hachmoni attended to the sons of the king.

1 Chronicles 27:30 lists the officials responsible for King David's livestock, highlighting their roles in managing camels and donkeys. This organization reflects the administrative structure of David's kingdom, emphasizing the importance of these animals in daily life and trade. The mention of Obil and Jehdeiah shows the diverse backgrounds of those serving in David's court, including descendants of Ishmael and those from specific places.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 1:3and he owned 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, 500 female donkeys, and a very large number of servants. Job was the greatest man of all the people of the East.
2Genesis 47:6the land of Egypt is before you; settle your father and brothers in the best part of the land. They may dwell in the land of Goshen. And if you know of any talented men among them, put them in charge of my own livestock.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

the camelsJob 1:3
the IshmaeliteGenesis 47:6

The Key Word אוֹבִ֖יל, 'o.Vilgenerated

The name אוֹבִיל (*Obil*) is a proper noun referring to a specific individual, likely meaning 'camel driver.' The parsing identifies it as a masculine noun, indicating that Obil was a male overseer of camels during King David's reign.

Obil's role as the manager of camels signifies the importance of these animals for transportation and trade in ancient Israel. His lineage as an Ishmaelite connects him to a broader narrative of Abraham's descendants.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb is implied in the structure, as the sentence describes two subjects: אוֹבִ֖יל (*Obil*) and יֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּ (*Jehdeiah*), each followed by their respective responsibilities. The Hebrew sentence structure places emphasis on the roles of these individuals.

The sentence consists of two main clauses, each detailing the responsibilities of the officials, with prepositional phrases indicating what they were in charge of.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אוֹבִ֖יל as ωβιλ, maintaining the personal name without alteration. This reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, indicating that the Greek translators recognized Obil's significance as an individual.

For הַגְּמַלִּ֔ים, the Greek term καμήλων is used, which aligns with the Hebrew meaning of camels, emphasizing their role in transportation.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 27:30 tells us that Obil was in charge of the camels, and Jehdeiah managed the donkeys. This verse highlights the organization of King David's officials and their responsibilities regarding livestock, showing how important these animals were in ancient Israel.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Obil was in charge of the camels?

Obil's role indicates he was responsible for managing the camels used for transportation and trade, which were valuable assets in David's kingdom.

Why is Jehdeiah mentioned as in charge of the donkeys?

Jehdeiah's management of the donkeys highlights the importance of these animals, which were known for their gentle nature and utility in agricultural work.

What is the significance of the names Obil and Jehdeiah?

Both names reflect the individuals' roles and backgrounds, with Obil being an Ishmaelite and Jehdeiah indicating a connection to the divine through his name meaning 'Jehovah is unity.'

How do these roles reflect the organization of King David's court?

The specific assignments of Obil and Jehdeiah illustrate the administrative structure of David's kingdom, showing how various officials were tasked with managing different resources.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn about the importance of organization and management from this verse?
  2. How do the roles of Obil and Jehdeiah reflect the value of livestock in ancient Israel?
  3. In what ways can we apply the principles of responsibility seen in this verse to our own lives?
  4. What does the diversity of backgrounds among David's officials tell us about his leadership?

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 27:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: Camels.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 27 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The Ishmaelite; so called, either because he was born of that people, or had lived among them; or from some notable exploit which he did against them.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 27 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(30) Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite.—Obil’s name means either “owner of camels” or “a good manager of camels,” answering exactly to the Arabic ‘âbil. (Comp. Genesis 37:25; Judges 7:12.) An “Ishmaelite,” i.e., an Arab, would be the fittest person for looking after camels. The asses.—The she-asses. (Comp. Genesis 49:14; Judges 5:10; Zechariah 9:9.) Jehdeiah the Meronothite.—Of Merônôth, a town perhaps near Mizpah (Nehemiah 3:7). The LXX. has Merathon, or Marathon.

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 27 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

30. Obil] The name is a form of the Arabic word âbil, “one who feeds camels.” the Meronothite] Meronoth was perhaps near Gibeon and Mizpah; cp. Nehemiah 3:7.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 27 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

OF THE KING’S REVENUE, 25-31.This section is interesting as showing the various kinds and sources of David’s royal revenue.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 27 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite. Over the donkeys was Jehdeiah the Meronothite. Over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels; Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: and over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And ouer the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite: and ouer the asses was Iehdeiah the Meronothite:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite; and over the asses was Jehdiah the Meronothite.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and over the camels [is] Obil the Ishmeelite; and over the asses [is] Jehdeiah the Meronothite;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and Obil the Ishmaelite [is] over the camels; and Jehdeiah the Meronothite [is] over the donkeys;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And over the camels was Obil the Ishma'elite; and over the she-asses was Yechdeyahu the Meronothite.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite, and over the female donkeys was Jehdeiah from Meronoth. Over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And over the camels, Ubil an Ishmahelite: and over the asses, Jadias a Meronathite:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Obil the Ishmaelite had control of the camels and Jehdeiah the Meronothite of the she-asses;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְand.[was]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateעַלovernoun phraseהַ֨theגְּמַלִּ֔יםcamelsnoun phrase · subjectאוֹבִ֖ילObilnoun phraseהַtheיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑יIshmaeliteוְand.[was]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateעַלovernoun phraseהָ֣theאֲתֹנ֔וֹתshe-assesnoun phrase · subjectיֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּJehdeiahnoun phraseהַtheמֵּרֹנֹתִֽיMeronothite

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text states that "Obil the Ishmaelite was in charge of the camels. Jehdeiah the Meronothite was in charge of the donkeys." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in terms of the names and roles mentioned, as all eight words match in a word-by-word correspondence, although the word order may differ. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, indicating a strong consistency among these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְעַל־ הַ֨גְּמַלִּ֔ים אוֹבִ֖יל הַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑י וְעַל־ הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת יֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּ הַמֵּרֹנֹתִֽי׃ ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְעַל־ἐπὶהַ֨גְּמַלִּ֔יםκαμήλωνאוֹבִ֖ילωβιλהַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑יισμαηλίτηςוְעַל־ἐπὶהָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹתὄνωνיֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּιαδιαςהַמֵּרֹנֹתִֽי׃ ס

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 27:30עַלand [was] oand [was] overעַלגָּמָלthe camelsthe camelsגָּמָלאוֹבִילObilObilאוֹבִיליִשְׁמְעֵאלִיthe Ishmaelthe Ishmaeliteיִשְׁמְעֵאלִיעַלand [was] oand [was] overעַלאָתוֹןthe she-assthe she-assesאָתוֹןיֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּJehdeiahJehdeiahיֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּמֵרֹנֹתִיthe Meronotthe Meronothiteמֵרֹנֹתִיעַלheightheightעַלגָּמַלto weanto weanגָּמַלאָבַלto mournto mournאָבַליִשְׁמָעֵאלIshmaelIshmaelיִשְׁמָעֵאליַ֫חַדunitednessunitednessיַ֫חַדאֵיתָןstrongstrongאֵיתָןכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאחֲמוֹרdonkeydonkeyחֲמוֹרשָׁקָהto water: to water: waterשָׁקָהגָּמָלcamelcamelגָּמָלמָכַרto sellto sellמָכַרעַ֫יִרcoltcoltעַ֫יִרבִּלְעָםBalaamBalaamבִּלְעָם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 27:30

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
וְעַל־ve.'al- and [was] over H5921 Conjunction · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
הַ֨גְּמַלִּ֔יםha.ge.ma.Lim the camels H1581 Particle · noun common both plural absolute
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A camel, used for riding or carrying loads, is mentioned in the Bible as a valuable animal. In the KJV, it is translated simply as 'camel'.
Amplified meaning
used for riding or carrying loads
Tyndale gloss
camel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּמָל (gamal) means 'camel' and is associated with labor and burden-bearing. It refers to camels as property, used for riding or as beasts of burden, and notes that they are forbidden as food. The entries consistently emphasize the camel's role in transportation and labor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּמָל n.m. camel

as property

as beasts of burden

for riding

forbidden as food

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1581 גָּמָל camel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1581 gamal gaw-mawl'

apparently from 1580 (in the sense of labor or

burden-bearing); a camel:--camel.

see HEBREW for 01580

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּמָל (ga.mal) — camel.

1) camel

1a) as property, as beast of burden, for riding, forbidden for food

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common both plural absolute
HTd/Ncbpa
and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
אוֹבִ֖יל'o.Vil Obil H179 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Obil was an Ishmaelite who managed King David's camels, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:30. His name means 'camel driver'.
Amplified meaning
the camel driver, a descendant of Ishmael
Tyndale gloss
Obil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוֹבִיל (owbiyl) refers to a personal name, likely meaning 'camel driver.' It identifies Obil, an Ishmaelite mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:30 as an overseer of King David's camels. The word may be derived from another Hebrew term related to mourning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוֹבִיל n.pr.m. (? camel-driver) overseer of David’s camels 1 Ch 27:30.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H179 אוֹבִיל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

179 'owbiyl o-beel'

probably from 56; mournful; Obil, an Ishmaelite:--Obil.

see HEBREW for 056

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוֹבִיל (o.vil) — Obil.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.30

§ Obil = "camel driver"

manager of David's camels

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

o'-bil ('obhil, "camel driver"): An Ishmaelite who was "over the camels" in David's palace (1Ch 27:30).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Obil

A keeper of camels, an Ishmaelite who was “over the camels” in the time of David (1 Chr. 27:30).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(chief of the camels), a keeper of the herds of camels in the reign of David. (1 Chronicles 27:30) (B.C. 1050.)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

that weeps; who deserves to be bewailed

and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
הַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑יhai.yish.me.'e.Li the Ishmaelite H3459 Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An Ishmaelite is a descendant of Ishmael, Abraham's son with Hagar. Ishmaelites are first mentioned in Genesis 16 and are associated with the Arabian peoples.
Amplified meaning
a descendant of Abraham's son Ishmael
Tyndale gloss
Ishmaelite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי (yishma`e'liy) refers to the Ishmaelites, descendants of Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar. This term is patronymically derived from יִשְׁמָעֵאל (Yishmael), meaning 'God will hear.' The Ishmaelites are associated with Arabia and are first mentioned in Genesis 16:11.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי adj.gent. Ishmaelites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3459 יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי Ishmaelites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3459 Yishma`e'liy yish-maw-ay-lee'

patronymically from 3458; a Jishmaelite or descendant of

Jishmael:--Ishmaelite.

see HEBREW for 03458

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי (yish.ma.e.li) — Ishmaelite.

Someone descended from Ishmael who was a man of Arabia living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.16.11;

son of: Abraham (H0085) and Hagar (H1904);

half-brother of: Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744);

father of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)

Group of yish.ma.el (יִשְׁמָעֵאל "Ishmael" H3458)

§ Ishmaelite , of Ishmael "God will hear"

a descendant of Ishmael

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ngmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

(decendant of Ishmael). [ISHMAEL]

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
וְעַל־ve.'al- and [was] over H5921 Conjunction · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹתha.'a.to.Not the she-asses H860 Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
34× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A female donkey is referred to by this Hebrew word, which emphasizes the animal's gentle nature. It appears in Genesis 12:16 and 31:34, describing the donkeys owned by Abraham and Jacob.
Amplified meaning
female donkeys, emphasizing their gentle nature
Tyndale gloss
she-ass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אָתוֹן (*'athown*) means 'she-ass' or 'she-donkey.' It is derived from a root related to patience, suggesting docility. The entries consistently define it as a female donkey without significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָתוֹן n.f. she-ass

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H860 אָתוֹן she-ass

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

860 'athown aw-thone'

probably from the same as 386 (in the sense of patience); a

female donkey (from its docility):--(she) ass.

see HEBREW for 0386

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָתוֹן (a.ton) — she-ass.

she-ass, she-donkey

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
HTd/Ncfpa
and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
יֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּyech.de.Ya.hu Jehdeiah H3165 Noun proper masculine
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jehdeiah means Jehovah is unity, the name of two Israelites, one a Levite and the other a Meronothite officer of David. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:30. Jehdeiah served in the time of King David.
Amplified meaning
Jehovah is unity
Tyndale gloss
Jehdeiah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ (Yechdiyahuw) refers to a name meaning 'Jehovah is unity.' It is associated with two Levites during the time of King David, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 24:20 and 27:30. The name is built from elements meaning 'unity' and 'Jah,' indicating a connection to the divine.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (May י׳ give joy!)

a Levite

officer of David

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3165 יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ, יֶחְדִּיָּהוּ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3165 Yechdiyahuw yekh-dee-yaw'-hoo

from 3162 and 3050; unity of Jah; Jechdijah, the name of two

Israelites:--Jehdeiah.

see HEBREW for 03162

see HEBREW for 03050

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ (yech.diy.ya.hu) — Jehdeiah.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.24.20;

son of: Shebuel (H7619)

§ Jehdeiah = "Jehovah is unity"

1) a Levite in the time of David

2) a Meronothite, officer of David in charge of the she-asses

יֶחְדְּיָ֫הוּ (yech.diy.ya.hu) — Jehdeiah.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.30

§ Jehdeiah = "Jehovah is unity"

1) a Levite in the time of David

2) a Meronothite, officer of David in charge of the she-asses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

je-de'-ya, ja'-de-ya (yechdeyahu, "may Yahweh give joy!"):

(1) A Levite, head of the family of Shubael (1Ch 24:20).

(2) An officer of David "over the asses" (1Ch 27:30).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Jehdeiah

Rejoicer in Jehovah. (1.) One of the Levitical attendants at the temple, a descendant of Shubael (1 Chr. 24:20).

(2.) A Meronothite, herdsman of the asses under David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:30).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(whom Jehovah makes glad). The representative of the Bene-Shubael, in the time of David. (1 Chronicles 24:20) A Meronothite who had charge of the she-asses of David. (1 Chronicles 27:30) (B.C. 1046.)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

joy together, one Lord

and [was] over the camels Obil the Ishmaelite and [was] over the she-asses Jehdeiah the Meronothite
הַמֵּרֹנֹתִֽי׃ סha.me.ro.no.Ti the Meronothite H4824 Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Meronothite was a person from a place called Meronoth, with the name meaning 'joyful shouter'. The Meronothite is mentioned in the Bible as a resident of a specific location.
Amplified meaning
from Meronoth, a place of joyful shouting
Tyndale gloss
Meronothite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵרֹנֹתִי (Meronothiy) refers to a Meronothite, an inhabitant of a place likely called Meronoth. The term is derived from an unused noun, and its meaning is associated with being a native of this location. The Brown-Driver-Briggs entry notes it as a gentilic adjective, while the Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon adds that it can mean 'joyful shouter'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵרֹנֹתִי adj.gent. (deriv. unknown) c. art. as subst. = the Merothonite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4824 מֵרֹנֹתִי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4824 Meronothiy may-ro-no-thee'

patrial from an unused noun; a Meronothite, or inhabitant of

some (otherwise unknown) Meronoth.:--Meronothite.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵרֹנֹתִי (me.ro.no.ti) — Meronothite.

§ Meronothite = "joyful shouter"

1) a native of a place probably called 'Meronoth'

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ngmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

me-ron'-thit, me-ro'-no-thit (meronothi, root meaning "fertility"): The designation of two persons in the Old Testament:

(1) Jehdeiah, who was in charge of the royal asses under David (1Ch 27:30).

(2) Jadon who was among the repairers of the wall under Nehemiah (Ne 3:7). No place of the name Meronoth can be identified. That Jadon worked on the wall near Gibeonites and Mizpahites affords no clear clue to the place, unless it be shown that there was some geographical rota in the wall repairers.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Meronothite

A name given to Jehdeiah, the herdsman of the royal asses in the time of David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:30), probably as one being a native of some unknown town called Meronoth.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

my singing; rejoicing; bearing rule

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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