1 Chronicles 1:30 — Word Study
WLCמִשְׁמָ֣ע וְדוּמָ֔ה מַשָּׂ֖א חֲדַ֥ד וְתֵימָֽא׃
BSAMishmaMishmâʻ [a hearing, son of Ishmael] DumahDûwmâh [silence, a region in Arabia] MassaMassâʼ [burden, a son of Ishmael] HadadChădad [mighty, a descendant of Abraham] TemaTêymâʼ [desert region, a son of Ishmael]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִשְׁמָ֣ע | Mishma | Noun proper masculine |
| וְדוּמָ֔ה | and Dumah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| מַשָּׂ֖א | Massa | Noun proper masculine |
| חֲדַ֥ד | Hadad | Noun proper masculine |
| וְתֵימָֽא׃ | and Tema | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, |
| KJV | Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, |
| ASV | Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, |
| YLT | Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, |
| WEB | Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, |
| BBE | Mishma and Dumah, Massa, Hadad and Tema, |
Where they part company is in the listing of names — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a single main clause listing names without additional context or verbs.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge, Barnes & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Genealogies of Ishmaelgenerated
1 Chronicles 1:30 lists the names of Ishmael's descendants, showing their importance in the biblical narrative. This verse is part of a broader genealogy that traces the lineage of Abraham's sons, emphasizing the connections between different tribes and nations. The names mentioned here reflect the diverse heritage of the Israelites and their relations to the surrounding peoples.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 21:11 | This is the burden against Dumah: One calls to me from Seir, “Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night?” |
| 2 | Genesis 25:15 | Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִשְׁמָע, mish.Ma'generated
The name מִשְׁמָע (Mishma) is a proper noun referring to a son of Ishmael. It carries the meaning of 'a hearing,' suggesting a connection to attentiveness or listening. The parsing as a masculine noun indicates that it refers to a male figure within the genealogical context.
Mishma appears in the genealogies of both Ishmael and the tribe of Simeon, highlighting its significance in the lineage of the Israelites. The name's presence in Genesis 25:14 and 1 Chronicles 4:25 further establishes its role in biblical history.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which lists the names as Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of this verse is straightforward, presenting a series of proper nouns in a noun phrase. The finite verb is absent, as the verse serves to list names rather than convey an action.
Each name is presented in a simple list format, emphasizing the genealogical nature of the text. This style is typical in biblical genealogies, where names are often enumerated without additional context.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the name מִשְׁמָע is rendered as μασμα, indicating a direct translation of the name without alteration. This choice shows a consistent understanding of the name's significance in the genealogical context.
The other names follow similarly, maintaining their identity across translations, which reflects the importance of these figures in the lineage of Ishmael.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:30 lists the names of several sons of Ishmael: Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema. Each name has its own meaning and significance, reflecting the heritage of these figures in biblical history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The verse mentions five sons of Ishmael: Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, each representing a branch of his lineage.
Ishmael's descendants are significant as they represent various tribes and nations that emerged from Abraham's lineage, highlighting the broader family connections in the biblical narrative.
These names connect to the larger biblical story by illustrating the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding his descendants and their future nations.
These names appear in genealogical lists, particularly in Genesis 25:12-16, which details the descendants of Ishmael.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can I learn from the genealogies about my own family heritage?
- How do the names in this verse reflect the diversity of God's creation?
- In what ways can understanding these genealogies deepen my appreciation for the biblical narrative?
- How does the lineage of Ishmael connect to the broader themes of promise and fulfillment in Scripture?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, Dumah - Dumah and Tema, the great Arab tribes of Beni Teman.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(30) Dumah.—Isaiah 21:11, as a name of Edom. There is still a locality bearing this name, “Duma the Rocky,” on the borders of the Syrian desert and Arabia. Hadad.—The right reading here and in Genesis. Tema.—Taimâ’u, in the north of the Arabian desert. The LXX. confuses it with Teman. (Assyr. Têmâl’a).
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. Dumah] Isaiah 21:11. Massa] Proverbs 31:1 (R.V. marg.). Hadad] The name begins with the Heb. letter Ḥ ?çth and therefore differs from the Hadad of 1 Chronicles 1:46 and of 1 Chronicles 1:50 and of 2 Chronicles 16:2 in which the first letter is Hç. Tema] Isaiah 21:14.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHadad here and in 1 Chronicles 1:50 is the well-known Syrian name, of which Hadar (margin) is an accidental corruption, consequent on the close resemblance between “d” (daleth) and “r” (resh) in
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Tyndale line
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa; Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Strictly literal
Mishma and Dumah; Massa, Hadad, and Tema;
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
Mishma', and Dumah, Massa, Chadad, and Thema,
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
From the Latin
And Masma, and Duma, Massa, Hadad, and Thema,
Simplified
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
Mishma and Dumah, Massa, Hadad and Tema,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the names as מִשְׁמָע וְדוּמָה מַשָּׂא חֲדַד וְתֵימָא. The Septuagint matches all five names, indicating a strong agreement between these witnesses in the preservation of the genealogical record.
מִשְׁמָ֣ע וְדוּמָ֔ה מַשָּׂ֖א חֲדַ֥ד וְתֵימָֽא׃
5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִשְׁמָע (Mishma) refers to a name associated with two figures in the Old Testament: a son of Ishmael and a descendant of Mibsam from the tribe of Simeon. The name is linked to the meaning 'a hearing.' It appears in Genesis 25:14 and 1 Chronicles 4:25.
מִשְׁמָע n.pr.m.
in Ishmael
in Simeon
base
H4927 מִשְׁמָע . in Ishmael
. in Simeon
4927 Mishma` mish-maw'
the same as 4926; Mishma, the name of a son of Ishmael, and
of an Israelite:--Mishma.
see HEBREW for 04926
מִשְׁמָע (mish.ma) — Mishma.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.14;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Mishma = "a hearing"
1) one of the 12 sons of Ishmael
2) son of Mibsam of the family of Simeon
מִשְׁמָע (mish.ma) — Mishma.
A man of the tribe of Simeon living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.4.25;
son of: Mibsam (H4017H);
father of: Hammuel (H2536)
§ Mishma = "a hearing"
1) one of the 12 sons of Ishmael
2) son of Mibsam of the family of Simeon
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Mishma
Hearing. (1.) One of the sons of Ishmael (Gen. 25:14), and founder of an Arab tribe.
(2.) A Simeonite (1 Chr. 4:25, 26).
(a hearing). A son of Ishmael and brother of Mibsam. (Genesis 25:14; 1 Chronicles 1:30) A son of Simeon, (1 Chronicles 4:25) brother of Mibsam.
hearing; obeying
דּוּמָה (Duwmah) refers to a son of Ishmael, a man associated with the Ishmaelite tribe of Arabia. It also denotes a city in the mountainous region of Judah and serves as a mystical name for Edom, symbolizing death and ruin. The name itself translates to 'silence.'
דּוּמָה n.pr.
m. son of Ishmael
city in mountains of Judah
name of Edom with mystic mng.
base
H1746 דּוּמָה . son of Ishmael
. city in mountains of Judah
. name of Edom with mystic mng.
1746 Duwmah doo-maw'
the same as 1745; Dumah, a tribe and region of
Arabia:--Dumah.
see HEBREW for 01745
דּוּמָה (du.mah) — Dumah.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.14;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Dumah = "silence"
1) son of Ishmael and most probably the founder of the Ishmaelite tribe of Arabia
2) a town in the mountainous district of Judah, near Hebron
3) a mystical name of Edom indicating death and ruin
דּוּמָה (du.mah) — Dumah.
§ Dumah = "silence"
a mystical name of Edom indicating death and ruin
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
du'-ma (dumah, "silence"): This word occurs in the Old Testament with the following significations:
(1) the land of silence or death, the grave (Ps 94:17; 115:17);
(2) a town in the highlands of Judah between Hebron and Beersheba, now ed-Daume (Jos 15:52);
(3) an emblematical designation of Edom in the obscure oracle (Isa 21:11,12);
Dumah
Silence, (comp. Ps. 94:17), the fourth son of Ishmael; also the tribe descended from him; and hence also the region in Arabia which they inhabited (Gen. 25:14; 1 Chr. 1:30).
There was also a town of this name in Judah (Josh. 15:52), which has been identified with ed-Domeh, about 10 miles southwest of Hebron. The place mentioned in the “burden” of the prophet Isaiah (21:11) is Edom or Idumea.
(silence). A son of Ishmael, most probably the founder of the Ishmaelite tribe of Arabia, and thence the name of the principal place of district inhabited by that tribe. (Genesis 25:14; 1 Chronicles 1:30; Isaiah 21:11) A city in the mountainous district of Judah, near Hebron, (Joshua 15:52) represented by the ruins of a village called ed-Daumeh , six miles southwest of Hebron.
The Hebrew word מַשָּׂא (massa') refers to a son of Ishmael and is associated with the term 'burden.' It appears in the context of genealogies in the Old Testament, specifically in Genesis 25:14. The entries highlight its identity as a man of the Arabs during the time of the Patriarchs.
מַשָּׂא n.pr.gent. et terr.
‘son’ of Ishmael
realm of king Lemuel
base
H4854 מַשָּׂא . ‘son’ of Ishmael
. realm of king Lemuel
4854 Massa' mas-saw'
the same as 4853; burden; Massa, a son of Ishmael:--Massa.
see HEBREW for 04853
מַשָּׂא (mas.sa) — Massa.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.14;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Massa = "burden"
a son of Ishmael
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
mas'-a (massa', "burden"): Descendant of Abraham through Ishmael (Ge 25:14; 1Ch 1:30). His people may be the Masani of Ptolemy, having Eastern Arabia near Babylon as their habitat. The marginal reading of the heading to Pr 31 mentions Lemuel as king of Massa. If that reading is accepted, it would seem that a tribe and probably a place were named from Ishmael's descendant. The reading is doubtful, however, for where the phrase recurs in Pr 30 (Revised Version (British and American)) it appears to be a gloss.
Massa
A lifting up, gift, one of the sons of Ishmael, the founder of an Arabian tribe (Gen. 25:14); a nomad tribe inhabiting the Arabian desert toward Babylonia.
(burden), a son of Ishmael. (Genesis 26:14; 1 Chronicles 1:30) His descendants were not improbably the Masani , placed by Ptolemy in the east of Arabia, near the borders of Babylonia.
a burden; prophecy
חֲדַד (Chadad) refers to a son of Ishmael, mentioned in the context of the Arab tribes during the time of the Patriarchs. The name is associated with fierceness and is noted in Genesis 25:15. Chadad is also linked to other descendants of Ishmael, highlighting his familial connections.
חֲדַד n.pr.m. a son of Ishmael
base
H2301 חֲדַד a son of Ishmael
2301 Chadad khad-ad'
from 2300; fierce; Chadad, an Ishmaelite:--Hadad.
see HEBREW for 02300
חֲדַד (cha.dad) — Hadad.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.15;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
Another spelling of cha.dar (חֲדַר "Hadad" H2301)
§ Hadad = "mighty"
a son of Ishmael
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ha'-dad:
(1) (chadhadh, "sharpness"): One of the twelve sons of Ishmael (Ge 25:15, where the King James Version, following a mistake in Hebrew text, has "Hadar"; but "Hadad" is found in parallel passage 1Ch 1:30; the Revised Version (British and American) reads "Hadad" in both places).
(2) (hadhadh): A king of Edom, son of Bedad (Ge 36:35,36 parallel 1Ch 1:46,47), "who smote Midian in the field of Moab," and whose "city was Avith."
Hadad
Adod, brave(?), the name of a Syrian god. (1.) An Edomite king who defeated the Midianites (Gen. 36:35; 1 Chr. 1:46).
(2.) Another Edomite king (1 Chr. 1:50, 51), called also Hadar (Gen. 36:39; 1 Chr. 1:51).
(3.) One of “the king’s seed in Edom.” He fled into Egypt, where he married the sister of Pharaoh’s wife (1 Kings 11:14-22). He became one of Solomon’s adversaries.
Hadad, sharp, (a different name in Hebrew from the preceding), one of the sons of Ishmael (1 Chr. 1:30). Called also Hadar (
(mighty), originally the indigenous appellation of the sun among the Syrians, and thence transferred to the king as the highest of earthly authorities. The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh. It is found occasionally in the altered form Hadar. (Genesis 25:15; 36:39) compared with 1Chr 1:30,50 Son of Ishmael. (Genesis 25:15; 1 Chronicles 1:30) A king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab. (Genesis 36:35; 1 Chronicles 1:46) Also a king of Edom, with Pau for his capital. (
1. An Idumean prince, who defeated the Midianites in the plains of Moab, Ge 36:35 1Ch 1:16.
2. A second prince of Edom, mentioned in 1Ch 1:51.
3. Another Edomite of the royal family, who fled to Egypt while young, upon David’s conquest of Edom, 2Sa 8:14; was well received, and married the queen’s sister. After the death of David and Joab, he returned to Edom and made an ineffectual effort to throw off the yoke of Solomon, 1Ki 11:14-22 2Ch 8:17.
תֵּימָא (Teyma') refers to Tema, a son of Ishmael, and the region he settled. It is noted as the ninth son of Ishmael, with a possible meaning of 'desert.' The entries indicate that Tema is associated with various brothers and mention its first appearance in Genesis 25:15.
תֵּימָא n.pr.terr. et gent. ‘son’ of Ishmael
base
H8485 תֵּימָא ‘son’ of Ishmael
8485 Teyma' tay-maw'
or Temao {tay-maw'}; probably of foreign derivation; Tema, a
son of Ishmael, and the region settled by him:--Tema.
תֵּימָא (te.ma) — Tema.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.15;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Tema = "desert"
1) the 9th son of Ishmael
2) the land settled by Tema the son of Ishmael
תֵּימָא (te.ma) — Tema.
§ Tema = "desert"
the land settled by Tema the son of Ishmael
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
te'-ma (tema', "south country"; Thaiman): The name of a son of Ishmael (Ge 25:15; 1Ch 1:30), of the tribe descended from him (Jer 25:23), and of the place where they dwelt (Job 6:19; Isa 21:14). This last was a locality in Arabia which probably corresponds to the modern Teima' (or Tayma' (see Doughty, Arabia Deserta, I, 285)), an oasis which lies about 200 miles North of el-Medina, and some 40 miles South of Dumat el-Jandal (Dumah), now known as el-Jauf. It is on the ancient caravan road connecting the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Aqaba; and doubtless the people took a share in the carrying trade (
Tema
South; desert, one of the sons of Ishmael, and father of a tribe so called (Gen. 25:15; 1 Chr. 1:30; Job 6:19; Isa. 21:14; Jer. 25:23) which settled at a place to which he gave his name, some 250 miles south-east of Edom, on the route between Damascus and Mecca, in the northern part of the Arabian peninsula, toward the Syrian desert; the modern Teyma’.
(a desert), the ninth son of Ishmael, (Genesis 25:15; 1 Chronicles 1:30) whence the tribe called after him, mentioned in (Job 6:19; Jeremiah 25:23) and also the land occupied by this tribe. (Isaiah 21:13,14) (B.C. after 1850.) The name is identified with Teyma , a small town on the confines of Syria.