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Romans 10

Hendriksen
‹ Chapter 9 Romans — All Chapters Chapter 11 ›

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size StandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicfsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size-9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabsStandardSpaceBefore SpaceAfterBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 4 3 8 0 0 CHAPTER 10 ) Outline (continued) ) Justification by Faith ) 5. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Self-righteousness versus the Righteousness that Comes from God and Is Appropriated by Faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 For it is with the heart that a person exercises faith leading to righteousness, and with the lips that he makes confession issuing in salvation. ) 10:1 13 ) 6. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Israel Is Responsible for Its Own Rejection. That Rejection Is Not Arbitrary.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 5 3 8 0 0 All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and defiant people ) 10:14 21 ) 5. Self-righteousness versus the Righteousness that Comes from God and Is Appropriated by Faith ) For it is with the heart that a person exercises faith leading to righteousness, and with the lips that he makes confession issuing in salvation ) 10:1 13 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 10 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 1 Brothers, my heart s desire and player to God for them is that they may be saved. 2 For I can testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but it is not based on knowledge. 3 For, failing to acknowledge the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God s righteousness. 4 For Christ is the goal��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref1 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn1” 290) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� of the law, so that there is righteousness for everyone who puts his trust (in him). 5 For Moses describes in this way the righteousness that is by the law: The one who does these things shall live by them. 6 But the righteousness that is by faith says, Do not say in your heart, Who will ascend into heaven? that is, to bring Christ down; 7 or, Who will descend into the abyss? that is, to bring Christ up from the dead. 8 But what does it say? The word is close to you; (it is) on your lips��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref2 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn2” 291) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� and in your heart; that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming. 9 Because, if on your lips is the confession, Jesus is Lord, and in your heart the faith that God raised him born the dead, you will be saved. 10 For it is with the heart that a person exercises faith leading to righteousness, and with the lips��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref3 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn3” 292) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� that he makes confession issuing in salvation. 11 For the Scripture says, No one who puts his trust in him will ever be put to shame. 12 For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek. For the same Lord (is Lord) of all and richly blesses all who call on him. 13 For everyone who calls on the name of the lord will be saved. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0

  1. Brothers, my heart s desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 For the use of the emotion-filled word of affection brothers see on 1:13 and 7:1. Especially now that Paul is about to enlarge on the subject of Israel s guilt, showing that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 their rejection was not arbitrary but deserved,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 he wisely first of all reaffirms (cf. 9:1 f.) his deep attachment to, and affection for, his kinsmen. By stating that his heart s desire and prayer to God is that they may be saved, is he not implying that he loves them intensely? The apostle knew that in Israel there was always a remnant that would be saved (9:23, 27). But even aside from this, is it not the believer s duty and joy to love ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 everyone) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” ? See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:43 48) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Then certainly also one s kith and kin! Very properly the apostle desires and earnestly prays for their salvation. He enlarges on this theme by adding: ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  2. For I can testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but it is not based on knowledge.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.69.9|AUTODETECT|” Zeal or enthusiasm can be a very good thing. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.69.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 69:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.17|AUTODETECT|” John 2:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.20|AUTODETECT|” . The apostle admits that his fellow-countrymen wear themselves out to assure themselves of God s favor. Was not this already implied in 9:31? Is it not definitely confirmed by such passages as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.3|AUTODETECT|” 22:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ? ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 So far, so good! The fly in the ointment, however, was this: this zeal for God, this enthusiasm about him, this strong and deep-seated urge to live in accordance with God s will, was not based on proper understanding! It was not in harmony with God s revelation concerning the way of salvation. Paul explains this in verse ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  3. For, failing to acknowledge the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God s righteousness.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 In words so clear that explanation is hardly necessary, Paul points out that Israel s basic fault consisted in this: ) a. It failed ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to acknowledge) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.4-23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” , that is, to accept and welcome, the righteousness that has God as its Author (3:21 24; 8:1; 9:30), is based on Christ s substitutionary atonement 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.4-23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:4 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.6|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ), and is appropriated by faith 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.3-45.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.3-45.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 4:3 5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.16|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.23-45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.23-45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” 23 25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=35.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Hab. 2:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.17|AUTODETECT|” b. It substituted its own work-righteousness for God s grace-righteousness. For the sad results, as pointed out by Paul, see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.20|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 3:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.31|AUTODETECT|” 9:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.32|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 That God did indeed provide righteousness is clear from that which, by an easy transition, follows in verse ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. For Christ is the goal of the law, so that there is righteousness for everyone who puts his trust (in him).) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Does one wish to understand the goal, the meaning and substance, of the Old Testament law? Then study Christ. Is not the very purpose of the law the establishment of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 love) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.5|AUTODETECT|” ? See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.5|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 6:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.18|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 that) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.37-40.22.39|AUTODETECT|” order); cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.37-40.22.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 22:37 39) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Is not Christ the very embodiment of that love, both in his life and in his death? And is it not true that because of this love which caused him to suffer and die in his people s stead, there now is right standing with God for everyone who reposes his trust in the Savior? Is not this the very theme of Romans?��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref4 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn4”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Since verse 4 refers to Christ, as the law s goal, in the sense explained, it would seem to be logical, in the present case, to refer to Christ also in the next verse. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. For Moses describes in this way the righteousness that is by the law: The one who does these things shall live by them. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.18.5|AUTODETECT|” The reference is to ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 18:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.28|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It was Christ, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 he alone) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , who by his life and death completely fulfilled the demands of the law, and thereby secured ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 for himself) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” the Father s approval and the place at the latter s right hand 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 for his followers) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” everlasting life 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.9|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Accordingly for all those who place their trust in Christ the path that leads to salvation has, in a sense, become incredibly easy. That which was infinitely difficult, hard, and painful, in fact for sinners ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 impossible) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , has been accomplished by Christ. No mere sinner should now try to do what for him is both impossible and unnecessary. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now listen to what the righteousness that is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 by faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 says: ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 6, 7. But the righteousness that is by faith says, Do not say in your heart, Who will ascend into heaven? that is, to bring Christ down; or, Who will descend into the abyss? that is, to bring Christ up from the dead.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Note the word But. It marks a sharp contrast between (a) the state of righteousness ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 earned) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 by Christ (verses 4, 5), and (b) that same state which, on the basis of Christ s righteousness, is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 freely obtained) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 by all those who believe in him. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This latter righteousness, the one that is by faith, is here personified and presented as speaking. It delivers a New Testament message in Old Testament terms. It is able to do this because in both testaments the way of salvation is the same, as Paul has already established (1:17; 3:21, 22; 4:1f.). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.9-5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” The words that are quoted carry us back to the time when Moses was giving instructions to the people of Israel with respect to their entrance into the land of Canaan. He sets forth the curses that would be poured out upon the disobedient 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.9-5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 27:9 26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.28.8-5.28.14|AUTODETECT|” ), as well as the blessings that would be bestowed upon the obedient 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.28.8-5.28.14|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 28:8 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He then addresses each Israelite as follows: ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.11-5.30.13|AUTODETECT|” Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you, nor is it beyond your reach. It is not up in heaven, so that you have to ask, Who will ascend to heaven for us and bring it down to make us obey it? Nor is it beyond the sea, so that you have to ask, Who will cross the sea for us and bring it to us to make us obey it? 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.11-5.30.13|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:11 ) 13 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.30.11-5.30.13|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The point Moses emphasizes is that the law has been given to Israel in the context of grace, and that Canaan, which the people are about to enter, is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God s gift) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.8.17|AUTODETECT|” to them. It is in no sense whatever the product of their own righteousness or strenuous effort. See also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 8:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.8.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.8.18|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.4-5.9.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.4-5.9.6|AUTODETECT|” 9:4 6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.6-58.4.10|AUTODETECT|” That there is a striking analogy between entrance into earthly Canaan and obtaining salvation was clear not only to the writer of the epistle to the Hebrews 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.6-58.4.10|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:6 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) but also to Paul; or, in the present context, to the righteousness that is by faith. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Here too the truth to be emphasized is that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the really difficult task is not for us to undertake. It has been accomplished for us by Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” . It is he who came down from heaven, dwelt among us as in a tent 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” John 1:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), suffered the agonies of hell for us, died, was buried, rose again, ascended to heaven. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The hard work was accomplished by him) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ! Therefore, any attempt on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 our) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.10|AUTODETECT|” part to ascend to heaven to bring Christ down would amount to a most ungracious denial of the reality and value of Christ s incarnation. Similarly, any attempt to descend into the realm of the dead in order to bring Christ up from the dead would be a disavowal of the genuine character and meaning of Christ s glorious resurrection from the dead and triumph over the grave. 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 16:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.55-46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.55-46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” 55 57) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref5 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn5”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 When we study this reassuring teaching of the apostle Paul, it reminds us of Christ s own unforgettable words: ) Come to me all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am meek and lowly in heart, and you shall find rest for your souls. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 For my yoke is kindly, and my burden is light) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:28 30) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. But what does it say? The word is close to you; (it is) on your lips and in your heart; that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The apostle continues to quote ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the righteousness that is by faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.6|AUTODETECT|” . The quotation found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.6|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.7|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.13|AUTODETECT|” ended with words from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.13|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.8|AUTODETECT|” . So here in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” the words of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” Deuteronomy 30:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.6|AUTODETECT|” are quoted: The word is close to you; it is on your lips and in your heart. By means of his very gracious assurances, promises, and admonitions present in abundance in Deuteronomy; study, for example, such precious gems as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.6|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.4-5.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.4-5.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 6:4 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.7-5.7.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.7-5.7.9|AUTODETECT|” 7:7 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.12|AUTODETECT|” 10:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.13|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.11.13-5.11.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.11.13-5.11.15|AUTODETECT|” 11:13 15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.11.22-5.11.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.11.22-5.11.25|AUTODETECT|” 22 25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.15-5.18.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.15-5.18.18|AUTODETECT|” 18:15 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.16-5.26.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.16-5.26.19|AUTODETECT|” 26:16 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.28.1-5.28.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.28.1-5.28.14|AUTODETECT|” 28:1 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the Lord had, as it were, drawn his people very close to his heart. Let them now answer with the response of love. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The more one takes time to study Deuteronomy, the more also he will agree with Paul s statement that this is indeed the word of faith we are proclaiming. It ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 must) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.4|AUTODETECT|” be, for the heart and center of this book and of the entire Old Testament, is Christ, exactly as the apostle has affirmed 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 There is only one way, however, in which this can be appreciated. That is the way of faith; for God s word, as revealed both in the Old Testament and in the New, is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the word of faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; that is, it is the word which, in order to exert its saving effect, must elicit the response of faith! ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Paul now shows that the statement, The word is close to you; (it is) on your lips and in your heart is true: ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 9, 10. Because, if on your lips is the confession, Jesus is Lord, and in your heart the faith that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with the heart that a person exercises faith leading to righteousness, and with the lips that he makes confession issuing in salvation.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Note the following: ) a. Because is natural here, the sense being that the statement that the word is close to you (verse 8) is true is shown by the fact that, instead of requiring superhuman exertion, salvation is obtained simply by confessing with the lips and having faith in the heart. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” b. In verse 9 the confession on the lips precedes the faith in the heart; in verse 10 the opposite sequence prevails. Probable reason: first Paul is thinking of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 where on your lips precedes in your heart. Next, he follows the natural order, according to which a person confesses with his lips that which is already present in the heart. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” c. Not the Roman emperor but Jesus was to receive all honor and glory. Moreover, it is clear from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 mr�n th) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Our Lord, come! ) that the exaltation of Jesus as Lord was customary even in the early, Aramaic-speaking, church. That the title ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Lord) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.9|AUTODETECT|” is here 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) used in the most exalted sense, indicating Jesus equality with God, is clear not only from the fact that the apostle frequently, without any hesitancy, ascribes to Jesus qualities which in the Old Testament are predicated of God, but also from the circumstance that already in 9:5 he has called Jesus over all God blest forever. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 d. Note heart and lips . The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 heart) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|” is not merely the seat of affection or emotion. According to biblical usage, it is the hub of the wheel of human existence and life (intellectual, emotional, and volitional). See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 4:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.22|AUTODETECT|” First of all there must be faith in the heart. Without such faith a confession with the lips would be mockery 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.23|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.2|AUTODETECT|” ). But also, even if there is faith in the heart, confession with the lips is not only required 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.2|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 107:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ) but altogether natural if the faith is genuine 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Faith and confession should be combined 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 12:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.42|AUTODETECT|” John 12:42) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.15|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.9|AUTODETECT|” e. By means of the resurrection from the dead the Lordship of Jesus had been made abundantly clear. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:20 23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.9-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.9-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:9 11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.1-51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.1-51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:1 4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 f. When in verse 10 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is said to issue in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 righteousness) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 confession) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 salvation) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (lit & is unto righteousness is unto salvation), the two concepts, righteousness and salvation, are conceived of as synonyms. This is also clear from verse 9, where salvation is described as being the product both of confession and faith. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 g. Note you will be saved (verse 9), and issuing in salvation (verse 10). For the meaning of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 salvation) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to save) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in Paul s epistles see p. 60 on 1:16. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The fact that faith does indeed lead to justification, hence to salvation is confirmed by verse ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. For the Scripture says, No one who puts his trust in him will ever be put to shame. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Or, if one prefers, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Everyone who puts his trust in him will never be put to shame, ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” Again, as in 9:33 Paul quotes ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 28:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; this time, however, in somewhat strengthened form, he who & will never ). being changed to No one & will ever . But is not Paul s version here in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” already implied in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 28:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.33|AUTODETECT|” ? For the meaning see, accordingly, on ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.33|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:33) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 That the truth which the apostle has just now reaffirmed cannot be successfully denied is demonstrated in the three sentences which follow in verses 12, 13. Each of the three supports the one that precedes it: ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 12, 13. For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek. For the same Lord (is Lord) of all and richly blesses all who call on him. For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 Note the following: ) a. For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek. ) The word for shows that what immediately follows proves the preceding line which states that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 no one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 who puts his trust in him will ever be put to shame. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Though the fact that, as concerns the way of salvation, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 there is no distinction between Jew and Greek) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , is emphasized by Paul again and again, it must have been very difficult for Jews to believe this. What? Did Paul really mean to say that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 they) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , the highly privileged descendants of Abraham, were in God s eyes not any better than Greeks or Gentiles? ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Even today are there not many church members who endorse the theory that the Jews, as a people, are still the objects of God s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 special) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” delight and that a glorious future is in store for them? Note how, in many books written by authors who cling to this opinion, the truth expressed here in 10:12 is touched on very lightly, is passed over very quickly. Nevertheless, so thoroughly convinced was Paul of its importance that he dwelt on it, at least mentioned it, again and again. Let the reader see this for himself by carefully examining the following passages: ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 2:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.10-45.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.10-45.3.18|AUTODETECT|” 3:10 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.30|AUTODETECT|” , 22 24: 3:29, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.30|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.9-45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.9-45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” 4:9 12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.18|AUTODETECT|” 5:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.19|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.24|AUTODETECT|” 9:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” 10:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.32|AUTODETECT|” 11:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.19|AUTODETECT|” ; and elsewhere in Paul s epistles: ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.6|AUTODETECT|” 5:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” 6:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.14-49.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.14-49.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:14 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 That there is indeed no distinction between Jew and Greek is clear from the fact which the apostle states in the following words: ) b. For the same Lord (is Lord) of all and richly blesses all who call on him. Not only is it true that one and the same ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.29|AUTODETECT|” is God of the Gentiles as well as of the Jews 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.29|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but also, as the apostle states here in 10:12, that the same ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Lord) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (=Jesus) is Lord of all. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.3|AUTODETECT|” God is rich! In fact, his wealth is incalculable. If there is anything at all which, for the moment, he does not possess, all he has to do is assert his sovereign will, and there it is! See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.6|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.9|AUTODETECT|”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
  6. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.14|AUTODETECT|”
  7. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
  8. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.24|AUTODETECT|”
  9. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.26|AUTODETECT|”
  10. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=37.2.8|AUTODETECT|” . All the gold and silver belongs to God 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=37.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Hag. 2:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.50.10-19.50.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Every beast of the forest is his, and so are the cattle on a thousand hills 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.50.10-19.50.12|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 50:10 12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 And if ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is rich, then so is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , for Christ is God. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 mentions ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the unsearchable riches of Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.12|AUTODETECT|” . ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 shows that the Savior is indeed ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 worthy to receive) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 all this wealth. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” But not only is God infinitely rich, he is also intensely desirous to bestow his riches on his creatures. He is rich in revealing to them his kindness, patience, glory, and mercy 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.23|AUTODETECT|” 9:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). He is, in fact, generous beyond the capacity of human words to express. See such a precious passage as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” John 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , according to which one manifestation of divine grace or favor is hardly gone when another one arrives, like the waves of the ocean which follow one another in close succession as they dash against the shore. Truly He giveth and giveth and giveth again. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Especially when one lives in a state that borders on the ocean (or makes a visit to such a state) for example, Florida it is rewarding, when watching the constantly approaching billows, to reflect on ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” John 1:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . See ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref6 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn6” N.T.C.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” on John, Vol. I, pp. 88, 89. It hardly needs to be added that here too what is said with reference to God applies also to Christ, who, though he was rich, yet for our sake became poor, that we through his poverty might become rich 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Note also that, according to Paul s inspired teaching, not only a few people, or a certain group of people, whether Jews or Gentiles, are the beneficiaries of this enormous wealth, but that, on the contrary ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 who call on God in Christ receive a rich blessing. The Lord richly blesses literally, is rich toward them all. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Of course, this calling on God or specifically on Jesus must be done in the spirit of the centurion 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and of the publican 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Proof of this universality (in a sense) of divine generosity is offered hy Paul in his third sentence: ) c. For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.59|AUTODETECT|” See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.59|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:59) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” . That which here in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.32|AUTODETECT|” follows the word For is an exact reproduction of what in our Bibles is found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.32|AUTODETECT|” Joel 2:32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.3.5|AUTODETECT|” but in the Hebrew Bible and the LXX in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Joel 3:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . In fact, in the present case even the word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 everyone) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.11|AUTODETECT|” was already in the original of the Old testament passage. Contrast this with ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” where, in quoting ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.16|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 28:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Paul himself inserted this word. ) 6 17 3 8 0 0 For will be saved see the explanation of 10:9. ) 6. Israel Is Reponsible for Its Own Rejection. That Rejection Is Not Arbitrary. ) All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and defiant people ) 10:14 21 ) 14 How, then, can they call on one in whom they have no faith? And how can they have faith in one whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without a preacher? 15 And how can people preach unless they save been commissioned? As it is written, How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news! ) 16 But not all accepted the good news.
For Isaiah says, Lord, who has believed our message? 17 Consequently, faith (comes) from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. ) 18 But I ask, Can it be that they never heard (it)? Of course they did: ) Into all the earth there went out their sound, ) And to the ends of the inhabited world their words. ) 19 But I ask, Can it be that Israel did not understand? First, Moses says, ) I will make you envious of a non-nation, ) And with a nation (that is) senseless will I make you angry. ) 20 And Isaiah is so bold as to say, ) I was found by those who did not seek me; ) I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me. ) 21 But concerning Israel he says, ) All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people. ) 11 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 10:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
stated, For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. The connection between the line and the beginning of the subsection, verses 14 21, is clear, for in 10:14 the subject of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
calling on the Lord) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
is continued by means of the question, How, then, can they call on one in whom they have no faith? The spirit of this question, especially in light of what follows in verses 16 and 21, indicates that the apostle is leveling a charge against Israel. He is saying that because of Israel s lack of faith it is fully responsible for its rejection by God. In other words, that rejection, to the extent in which it was real, was not arbitrary but deserved. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
14, 15a. How, then, can they call on one in whom they have no faith? And how can they have faith in one whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without a preacher? And how can people preach unless they have been commissioned?) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref7
9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn7”
295) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 6 2 3 8 0 0
A few points should be noted: ) a. In this series of questions what is the subject? To whom is Paul referring? The apostle writes: they & they & they & they & they & they & they; though, for the sake of variation and clarity, one of these they s can be changed to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
the people) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
(or something similar). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0
To whom, then, is Paul referring? The usual answer is: to Israel. Some translations even insert the word Israel in places where the original does not have it. Now it must be admitted that to a considerable extent this answer is correct. See, first of all, what has been said in the introduction to this section (p. 348). Examine also the following passages: 9:3 5, 27, 31 33; 10:1 3, 19, 21; 11:1 f. On the basis of all this the conclusion the reference is to Israel cannot be escaped. ) But is this a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
complete) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
answer? Not every commentator is of that opinion.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref8
9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn8”
296) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
�� And rightly so. Does not the fact that in this section (10:14 21) Paul does not even mention Israel until he reaches the very close (verses 19 21) prove that he wants ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
every hearer or reader) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
to wrestle with these questions in his own heart and conscience? ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.38.2-18.39.27|AUTODETECT|”
b. We have here a series of questions. The Old Testament also contains groups of questions 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.38.2-18.39.27|AUTODETECT|”
Job 38:2 39:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.41.1-18.41.7|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.41.1-18.41.7|AUTODETECT|”
41:1 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.12-23.40.14|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.12-23.40.14|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 40:12 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.21|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.21|AUTODETECT|”
21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
). However, the present series is different. It is a kind of chain in which each link bears a close relationship to its immediate neighbor(s). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.3-45.5.5|AUTODETECT|”
Is this chain similar, then, to the one found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.3-45.5.5|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 5:3b 5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0
, and to the one described in 8:29, 30? No, the difference is that in the latter two instances the chain is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
progressive) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|”
its links follow one another in historical, cause and effect, manner. The sequence may be compared to the series 1, 2, 3, etc. Here, in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.15|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a, and also in 10:17, the chain is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 regressive) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . It proceeds from effect to cause, and is comparable to the series 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Calling upon Christ in prayer is mentioned first though in reality, of course, it follows having faith in him, which, however, is the second link in this chain. Having faith in Christ results from hearing him, the third link as here arranged. This hearing implies that there must have been a preacher, the fourth link, who addressed the people. He did this because even earlier someone, the fifth link, had authorized him to bring the message. ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 c. What may have been the reason for Paul s decision to arrange these links in this regressive order? ) To answer this question we should bear in mind that the apostle was not only a fully inspired, very learned, deep-thinking theologian; he was also a very practical, warm-hearted Christian friend. As such he may well have had a twofold purpose in mind for writing as he did. ) First of all, he is thinking of the audience, the one in Rome, to be sure, but, along the line of the centuries to follow, any audience, including also today s. For the audience, then, and for every person in that audience, the apostle has so arranged the series that the reference to God or, if one prefers, to Jesus Christ who commissioned the preacher, would be mentioned last of all, in order that all the emphasis might fall upon him! Every person in the audience must be made aware of the fact that when he rejects the preacher who, as a faithful minister of the word, with insight and enthusiasm presents the glad and glorious tidings of salvation in Christ, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 then he is rejecting Jesus Christ himself) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ! In addressing the seventy (or seventy-two) missionaries Jesus said, He who listens to you listens to me, but he who rejects you rejects me; and he who rejects me rejects him who sent me 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.21|AUTODETECT|” Secondly, Paul is thinking of the preacher. The climactic reference to the duly commissioned preacher contains a lesson for him also. Any preacher better be sure that he has actually been called of God to do this kind of work. To arrive at a true answer to this question he should turn to ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.21|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 23:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.22|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . If this preacher is earnestly and prayerfully trying to do that which is mentioned in the twenty-second verse, he will find it much easier to arrive at a positive and encouraging answer to the question with reference to the genuine character of his ordination. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|” For the preacher ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.15|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a contains still another lesson. Just what is meant by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 preaching) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ? As the footnote (p. 348) shows, preaching is actually ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 heralding, proclaiming) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Genuine preaching, therefore, means that the sermon is lively, not dry; timely, not stale. It is the earnest proclamation of the great news initiated by God. It must never be allowed to deteriorate into an abstract speculation on views merely excogitated by man! ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 That there could be no doubt about the fact that the people here especially Israel, as has been shown have actually heard the gospel, and that it has been proclaimed to them by divinely authorized ambassadors, is indicated in verse ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 15b. As it is written, How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news! ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.7|AUTODETECT|” This passage is quoted from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.7|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 52:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref9 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn9”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.93.1|AUTODETECT|” �� where the prophet describes the exuberance with which the exiles welcome the news of their imminent release from captivity. This news was regarded by them as being very wonderful not just because they could now return to their homeland but also, and probably especially, because for them it meant that God s favor was still resting on them, and that not this or that earthly power but God their own God was still reigning. See the Isaiah context, and add ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.93.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 93:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” . Moreover, can there be anything more spiritually exhilarating and invigorating than the message of God s ambassadors, as reported, for example in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ? ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 How beautiful��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref10 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn10”
  6. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� are those feet! As over the mountains those messengers approached with their electrifying news, how dust-covered and dirty these feet must have been! Yet also, how beautiful & for they were the feet of those who brought the long-awaited marvelous news! ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. But not all accepted the good news. For Isaiah says, Lord, who has believed our message? ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.27|AUTODETECT|” There was nothing wrong with the good news. It should have been accepted with joy and gratitude by all. But, says Paul, Not all accepted the good news, the wonderful gospel. Note not all. What an understatement! A merciful meiosis indeed; for we already know that by far the most of the Israelites did not accept the gospel. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.27|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.5|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We learn, therefore, that although items 4 and 5 (of 10:14, 15a) had been fulfilled there had been preachers, and they had been duly commissioned yet, as far as most of the people were concerned, items 1 and 2 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 calling on Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in prayer because of the presence of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 faith) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in him had not. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 That this was true, indeed, with respect to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 most) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” of the people follows also from the words of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 quoted by Paul: Lord, who has believed our message? This basically means, Lord, who has believed that which was heard by us? ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref11 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn11”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. Consequently, faith (comes) from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Of the many interpretations of this passage, some very involved, the best is probably the one which views it as a summarizing conclusion. Does not the opening word Consequently point in this direction? What Paul is saying, then, is that faith in Christ presupposes having heard the word that proceeds from and concerns Christ. Here a word, in the original, that has just (verse 16) been used in a passive sense that which was heard is now also used in the active sense: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 hearing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the message.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref12 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn12”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The great importance Paul attached to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 hearing) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.15|AUTODETECT|” immediately reminds one of Jesus. In all Christ s teaching, both on earth and from heaven, it would be difficult to discover any exhortation which he repeated more often, in one form or another, than the one about hearing; better still: listening 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.9|AUTODETECT|” 13:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.43|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Mark 4:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.23|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.35|AUTODETECT|” 14:35) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.29|AUTODETECT|”
  6. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 3:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.13|AUTODETECT|”
  7. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.22|AUTODETECT|”
  8. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.9|AUTODETECT|” 13:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Add 8:18 in both Mark and Luke. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. But I ask, Can it be that they never heard (it)? Of course they did:) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 Into all the earth there went out their sound,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 And to the ends of the inhabited world their words. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.4|AUTODETECT|” This passage found in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.4|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 19:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.5|AUTODETECT|” is here quoted literally according to the LXX text 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 18:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.0|AUTODETECT|” ). We should not misinterpret what Paul is saying. He is not trying to tell us that the Old Testament Psalm was describing the universal spread of the gospel. What he means is that what in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 19) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 applies to the language of the heavenly bodies is also applicable to the spread of the gospel. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 But perhaps the comparison is more than superficial. Should we not rather say that God s revelation in the realm of creation and in that of redemption is such that in both cases it forces itself on our attention? ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.22-45.15.24|AUTODETECT|” That in the days of Christ and the apostles the gospel was indeed spreading fast is clear from such passages as ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.22-45.15.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:22 24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.19|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.19|AUTODETECT|” John 12:19) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.41|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:41) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.47|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.47|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.4|AUTODETECT|” 4:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.6|AUTODETECT|” 17:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The rapid progress of the gospel in the early days has ever been the amazement of the historian. Justin Martyr, about the middle of the second century, wrote, There is no people, Greek or barbarian, or of any other race, by whatever appellation or manners they may be distinguished, however, ignorant of arts or agriculture, whether they dwell in tents or wander about in covered wagons, among whom prayers and thanksgivings are not offered in the name of the crucified Jesus to the Father and Creator of all things. Half a century later Tertullian adds, We are but of yesterday, and yet we already fill your cities, islands, camps, your palace, senate, and forum. We have left you only your temples. R. H. Glover 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Progress of World-Wide Missions) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , New York, 1925, p. 39) states, On the basis of all the data available it has been estimated that by the close of the Apostolic Period the total number of Christian disciples had reached half a million. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 19.But I ask, Can it be that Israel did not understand? First, Moses says,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 I will make you envious of a non-nation,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 And with a nation (that is) senseless will I make you angry. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 But I ask matches the opening of verse 18. The question regarding ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 hearing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (verse 18) is followed by one regarding ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 understanding) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Note that now Israel, already implied in the earlier verses, is definitely mentioned. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.21|AUTODETECT|” The purport of the question is whether Israel, even though it has indeed heard the gospel, has nevertheless not been able to understand it sufficiently so that it could be held responsible for its unbelief. What is found in verses 19b 21, though not a direct answer to this question, implies the answer. It shows that not ignorance but unwillingness was the cause of Israel s lack of faith. The quotation is from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.21|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 32:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 b. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 A non-nation is a mere mass of people. It is a vast multitude which had not received the many privileges that had been bestowed on Israel, the people for God s own possession. That non-nation was going to receive those blessings which earlier had been granted to Israel. It was going to take Israel s place. ) This very fact, of course, implies Israel s guilt, since it also implies that Israel had received sufficient understanding of the way of salvation to be held fully accountable for its unbelief. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.15|AUTODETECT|” Does not this passage immediately remind us of ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.16|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.41|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.41|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:41) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.9|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.46|AUTODETECT|” ): What, then, will the owner of the vineyard do to them? He will come and kill those sharecroppers and give the vineyard to others. The privileged position, once granted to Israel, was going to be transferred to those very people who had been despised by Israel. Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.46|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:46) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.12|AUTODETECT|” The envy and anger to which our passage refers is illustrated in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.11|AUTODETECT|” . But envy can also have a positive result. For this see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  1. And Isaiah is so bold as to say,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 I was found by those who did not seek me;) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” These lines from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 65:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (quoted here in reverse order) are even more incisive. If among those who first heard them there were any self-righteous Jews, they must have been shocked by this statement, especially in its present context. It is in the form of a paradox. By reminding the hearers that God was found by those who did not seek him, and was revealed to those who did not ask for him, it emphasizes God s sovereign right to bestow salvation on whomsoever he wills. In no sense is it true that man, by means of any merit he may dare to claim, brings about God s saving attention. The Gentiles, their minds and hearts-darkened by sin, and therefore not even asking for God s help, receive it. Israel is passed by because of its obstinacy, as is clear from verse ) 8 1 3 8 0 0
  2. But concerning Israel he says,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.2|AUTODETECT|” Sound exegesis demands that this passage a quotation from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.2|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 65:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.0|AUTODETECT|” be interpreted in light of the immediate context 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.0|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 65) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 see verses 3 7). The passage indicates that Israel was fully responsible for the divine judgment that was pronounced upon it. The fact that the nation day after day, week after week, year upon year, continued ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to be disobedient) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to contradict God, even in spite of God s outstretched hands of patience and invitation) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” , made matters worse for Israel. The predominant impression ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 leaves upon a person is therefore one of gloom, not one of cheer. It is darkness rather than light upon which the emphasis falls here.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref13 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn13”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� When God pronounces a judgment on Israel he is not acting arbitrarily. Israel has earned that judgment. We cannot help thinking of these words of Jesus: ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.37|AUTODETECT|” Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those that are sent to her! how often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under its wings, but you would not. Behold, your house is left to you a deserted place 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.37|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:37) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 This does not mean that the light has been completely replaced by darkness, that God s hands have ceased to be outstretched in loving patience and appeal, and that God is, accordingly, through with the Jews. ) We are not forgetting such passages as the following and more could be added which show that even now mission work among the Jews is not fruitless: 1:16; 3:3, 30; 4:12; 5:18, 19; 7:4; 9:6, 23, 27, 29; 10:1, 11 13, 16. There is a remnant of Israel that is destined for grace and glory. God has not thrust ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 his people) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 away from himself (11:1). There is a sense in which all Israel will be saved (11:26). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Besides, once the hardening process has begun in the life of this or that Israelite, no one has a right to say that it will continue until that man dies and perishes everlastingly. God s grace is sufficiently powerful to reach even the temporarily hardened sinner. See further on 11:28 31. ) 8 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.0|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 14 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.0|AUTODETECT|” Romans 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27-42.6.31|AUTODETECT|” Brothers, my heart s desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved. The Jewish opponents were constantly persecuting Paul. Again and again they tried to kill him. Nevertheless, Paul continued to pray that they might be saved. He was putting into practice the rule laid down by Jesus 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27-42.6.31|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:27 31) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). A lesson for us all. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10-40.8.12|AUTODETECT|” Same passage. How was it possible for Paul to pray for the salvation of the Jews when he knew that, to a considerable extent, God had rejected them? See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10-40.8.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:10 12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.9|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.16|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.27|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14-52.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14-52.2.16|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:14 16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Answer: The identity of reprobates is known to God alone. Therefore it was right for the apostle to pray for individual Jews and for Jews in general. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 For I can testify about them that they have a zeal for God & Being filled with zeal and being sincere may be excellent, but not if the zeal is without understanding. As to sincerity: it is possible for a person to be sincerely & wrong! ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.8-45.10.10|AUTODETECT|” The word is close to you; (it is) on your lips and in your heart & Is it not strange that, by nature, man wants to go to heaven the hard way? Yet, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.8-45.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:8 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” is clear as daylight. See also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:28 30) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” and ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Because, if on your lips is the confession. Jesus is Lord, and in your heart the faith that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. The original says: your & your & you; not your & your & you. It is fine to recite the Apostles Creed in unison during public worship. More than this is necessary, however; namely, the personal, individual profession of heart and lips. ) Same passage. This confession, with specific mention of two supernatural facts Christ s lordship and his bodily resurrection deals the deathblow to all liberalism, showing that liberalism and Christianity cannot live together harmoniously under the same roof. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.49|AUTODETECT|” Same passage once more. Even though the two truths that are here mentioned may well be regarded as implying all the central doctrines of the Christian religion, does Paul not also imply that believers do not need to think alike on every minor point of theology? Room must be left for differences of opinion. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.49|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:49) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.50|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek. God s love in Christ over-arches distinctions with respect to race, nationality, sex, age, social and/or financial standing, degree of accomplishment, etc. With respect to any and all of these matters God is impartial. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” is very clear on this point. So is ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.29.1|AUTODETECT|” All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and defiant people. How marvelous is God s patience. However, this does not mean that it has no limits. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.29.1|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 29:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.9|AUTODETECT|”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.26-42.17.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.26-42.17.29|AUTODETECT|” 17:26 29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.95.7|AUTODETECT|” . The only safe procedure, therefore, is the one described in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.95.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 95:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.95.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.95.8|AUTODETECT|”
  6. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.8|AUTODETECT|”
  7. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Summary of Chapter 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 This chapter consists of two main parts: verses 1 13; verses 14 21. ) As at the beginning of chapter 9 so also here Paul reveals his tender affection for his kinsmen. He states that his prayer to God is that they may be saved. He testifies that they have a zeal for God, but deplores the fact that this zeal is not based on proper insight into God s revelation concerning the way of salvation (verses 1, 2). ) Israel s tragic error consisted in this, that they sought to establish their own righteousness and refused to accept the righteousness provided by God in Christ. It is Christ, he alone, in whom the law attained its goal, so that, as a result, there now is righteousness for everyone who exercises saving faith (verses 3, 4). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.11-5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” It was Christ who came from heaven and who, in his people s stead, suffered the agonies of hell. The hard work was done by him, and should therefore not be attempted by us. Moses 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.11-5.30.14|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:11 14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) already made clear that Canaan was God s free gift, not the product of human exertion. As it was with Canaan so it is with salvation in general. It is given to those who trust in the Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, if on your lips is the confession, Jesus is Lord, and in your heart the faith that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved & For the Scripture says, No one who puts his trust in him will ever be put to shame (verses 5 11). ) 6 5 3 8 0 0 Ethnic considerations play no part in the bestowment of salvation: there is no distinction between Jew and Greek. For the same Lord (is Lord) of all and richly blesses all who call on him. For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved (verses 12, 13). ) In the second part of this chapter Paul, by means of a series of questions, arranged in effect-to-cause order, stresses the supreme importance of taking to heart the messsage of the duly authorized preacher. He who accepts his message accepts Christ. He who rejects it rejects Christ. It is understood, of course, that this is true only when the preacher truly represents Christ and actually conveys Christ s message. ) To those who in the proper frame of mind listen to the gospel, blessings abound.

To them the feet of those who bring good news are indeed beautiful (verses 14, 15). ) There are many, however, who refuse to accept the gospel, as Isaiah proves by saying, Lord, who has believed our message? Everyone should therefore examine himself to see whether he really belongs to the company of those who heed whatever it is that God, through the proclamation of the word, is saying. ) Excuses will not avail. The gospel is being circulated far and wide, reminding us of the heavens which all around are declaring God s glory (verses 16 18). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.21|AUTODETECT|” Israel too not only heard God s message, but understood it well enough to be responsible for its lack of faith. Rejection and replacement are God s penalties imposed on the rejecters. Moses declared. I will make you envious of a non-nation. And with a nation (that is) senseless will I make you angry 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.21|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 32:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” b). And Isaiah was so bold as to say, I was found by those who did not seek me; I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 65:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Concerning Israel he said, (65:2) All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate literally ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 contradicting) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people (verses 19 21). ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn1 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref1” 290 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Or: meaning and substance. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn2 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref2” 291 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Literally: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in your mouth) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , both here and in verse 9. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn3 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref3” 292 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Literally: with the mouth. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn4 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref4” 293 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Instead of For Christ is the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 goal) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of the law, many prefer, For Christ is the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 end) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of the law. As a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 translation) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 this can stand. The further question is, What is meant by the Greek word ����� and the English word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 end) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.31|AUTODETECT|” ? In addition to other meanings, both of these words can mean: (a) termination, finish; or (b) goal, intention, purpose, meaning and substance. However, meaning (a) does not apply in the present case, for the notion that because of the work of Christ the Old Testament law has in every respect lost its usefulness, and is therefore finished, is contrary to Paul s teaching, as is clear from ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.31|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7|AUTODETECT|” 7:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . See especially on 5:20, Vol. I, p. 184. Accordingly, to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding, it is probably better, even in the translation, to substitute the term ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 goal) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 end) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn5 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref5” 294 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.26|AUTODETECT|” Although the abyss can indicate the depth of the sea 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.26|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 107:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” =LXX 106:26), in the present passage death and the grave are indicated. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn6 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref6” N.T.C. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 W. Hendriksen, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 New Testament Commentary) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn7 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref7” 295 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ������������ verse 14), third per. pl. aor. middle subjunct. (deliberat.) of �������, here in the sense of: to call on God in prayer. Cf. ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . For calling on the name of the Lord see the preceding verse (10:13), in which the third per. s. aor. subjunct. middle of the same verb occurs. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ��������� (verse 14), third per. pl. aor. indicat. of �������. For the �0� E� & ��������� construction see also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” and ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . In both cases the faith to which reference is made is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in Christ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” . In the Gospel and First Epistle of John this construction , with reference to faith in Christ, occurs frequently. See ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.35|AUTODETECT|” In verse 14 note ����������� and ��������; and in verse 15 ���������. All are third per. pl. aor. act. subjunctives (deliberative). The meaning (after ��� in each case, and add ��� & ������������ at the beginning of verse 14, already discussed), is How can they & ? In other words, They cannot & �W �P� $������ (verse 14) = whom they have not heard; not of whom they have not heard. In that case would not ���v �W have been more natural? See Gram. N.T. p. 506. Compare ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:35) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Hear him, not Hear of or about him. Note also the difference in the construction and meaning of (a) �W �P� $������, where, after the gen., this verb means ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to hear) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and (b) �P� $������ (verse 18), where, without the gen., the same verb indicates ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to understand) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 ����������� (verse 14), gen. s. masc. pres. act. participle of �������, to announce, make public proclamation, preach. Cf. �����, herald; also ��������� in verse 15. ) ���������� (verse 15), third per. pl. aor. pass. subjunct. of ��������, to send out, especially on a divine mission, to commission. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn8 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref8” 296 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See, for example, Ridderbos, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 240. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn9 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref9” 297 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Here, rather than in the LXX, correctly translated from the Hebrew. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn10 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref10” 298 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a�����, nom. pl. masc. of a�����, timely, seasonable, blooming, beautiful; cf. e��, season, time, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 hour) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn11 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref11” 299 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 ���, dat. s. of ���. As is true with respect to many words, the meaning of this word, in any given case, depends on the context in which it is used, and, at times, as here, from which it is quoted. The Greek noun can mean: faculty of hearing, act of hearing, that which is heard, account, report, message. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” In the Hebrew passage 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ) from which ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is quoted, the noun is ��������� from ������, to hear; and the word including suffix is �������������, our report; literally: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 that which was heard) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 by us, and was revealed to us. It is in that sense that it becomes: our report, message. We convey to others what was previously revealed to us. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn12 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref12” 300 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The reference is to the Greek word ���; here in the combination � ����: from hearing. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn13 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref13” 301 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 It is for this reason that I do not agree with Cranfield s explanation of this passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 op. cit.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Vol. II, pp. 541, 542. )

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