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Zechariah 11:9 — Word Study

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WLCוָאֹמַ֕ר לֹ֥א אֶרְעֶ֖ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם הַמֵּתָ֣ה תָמ֗וּת וְהַנִּכְחֶ֙דֶת֙ תִּכָּחֵ֔ד וְהַ֨נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת תֹּאכַ֕לְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־ בְּשַׂ֥ר רְעוּתָֽהּ׃

BSAThen I saidʼâmar I will no longerlôʼ [refuse to, abandon] shepherd yourâʻâh [care for, tend to] Let the dyingmûwth [those perishing, coming to an end] diemûwth and the perishingkâchad [those being cut off, destroyed] perishkâchad and let those who remainshâʼar [are left, spared] devourʼâkal [eat, consume] oneʼishshâh another’srᵉʻûwth [each other's, neighbor's] fleshbâsâr [body, physical being]

Word
Listen & take awayZechariah 11
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (re.'u.Tah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Zechariah 11:9quick helps
In a sentenceZechariah expresses his refusal to care for the people, allowing destruction and cannibalism among them.
Who is speakingZechariah, speaking on behalf of God.
Where we areA prophetic statement reflecting God's judgment on the people.
The hard wordאֶרְעֶ֖ה
Take awayThe shepherd's role is abandoned, leading to chaos.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbאָמַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Zechariah 11:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of Zechariahgenerated

8And in one month I dismissed three shepherds. My soul grew impatient with the flock, and their souls also detested me.
9Then I said, “I will no longer shepherd you. Let the dying die, and the perishing perish; and let those who remain devour one another’s flesh.”
10Next I took my staff called Favor and cut it in two, revoking the covenant I had made with all the nations.
11It was revoked on that day, and so the afflicted of the flock who were watching me knew that it was the word of the LORD.

Zechariah 11:9 reveals God's frustration with the people, as He declares through Zechariah that He will no longer shepherd them. This verse follows a context of judgment, where previous shepherds have failed, and it illustrates a dire situation where the people are left to their own devices, leading to destruction and cannibalism among them. This reflects a broader theme in the prophetic literature regarding the consequences of disobedience and the abandonment of divine guidance.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 23:33–39“Now when this people or a prophet or priest asks you, ‘What is the burden of the LORD?’ you are to say to them, ‘What burden? I will forsake you, declares the LORD.’
2Matthew 13:10–11Then the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do You speak to the people in parables?”
3Matthew 21:43Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit.
4Matthew 23:38–39Look, your house is left to you desolate.
5John 8:21–24Again He said to them, “I am going away, and you will look for Me, but you will die in your sin. Where I am going, you cannot come.”

The Key Word אֶרְעֶ֖ה, 'er.'Ehgenerated

The verb רָעָה (ra'ah) means to shepherd or care for, emphasizing a relationship of guidance and protection. In this context, it signifies the act of tending to a flock, which is now being renounced by God.

The parsing as a first person common singular imperfect indicates that the speaker (Zechariah) is actively declaring his decision to stop shepherding, marking a significant shift in the relationship between God and His people.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is אֹמַ֕ר, I said, which governs a series of clauses that express the speaker's refusal and the resulting consequences. The structure indicates a strong declaration followed by a series of commands or observations regarding the fate of the people.

The order of the clauses emphasizes the speaker's authority and the gravity of the situation, with the imperative phrases following the declaration, creating a stark contrast between the speaker's decision and the dire outcomes for the people.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אֶרְעֶ֖ה as ποιμανῶ, which means 'to shepherd' or 'to tend'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning but also carries a connotation of care that may not fully encapsulate the abandonment expressed in the Hebrew.

The translation choice reflects a broader understanding of the shepherding role, emphasizing the relational aspect of care that is now being severed.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Zechariah 11:9 shows God telling Zechariah that He will no longer care for the people. He allows those who are dying to die and those who are left to consume one another. This reflects a serious judgment where the people are abandoned to their fate.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for God to stop shepherding His people?

It signifies a withdrawal of divine protection and guidance, leading to chaos and destruction among the people.

How does this verse reflect God's judgment?

It illustrates the consequences of the people's unfaithfulness, where they are left to their own devices, resulting in dire outcomes.

What is the significance of cannibalism in this context?

Cannibalism symbolizes extreme desperation and breakdown of community, highlighting the severity of the judgment.

How does this relate to other prophetic messages?

It aligns with themes in other prophetic texts where God warns of consequences for disobedience and the abandonment of His ways.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does it mean for me to recognize when I am straying from God's guidance?
  2. How can I ensure that I am following the shepherding of God in my life?
  3. In what ways might I be contributing to chaos in my relationships or community?
  4. What steps can I take to encourage others to seek God's guidance?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Theodoret of Cyrus comments on this verse, arguing from it about God's allowance of human wickedness and its consequences.

Theodoret of CyrusON DIVINE PROVIDENCE 7:38 c. 393–460
We find the God of the universe often giving rein to humanity because of the excess of its wickedness, and he allows the human race to be borne where it will.
Early Church Fathers on Zechariah 11 →

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Zechariah 11:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Then said I, I will not feed you,.... That is, any longer; either personally, or by his apostles; he fed them himself, during his public ministry; and afterwards by his apostles, whom he ordered to

Read John Gill on Zechariah 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another.

Read Robert Jamieson on Zechariah 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Then; after that time of his patient and vigilant feeding the flock, and after his cutting off the three unfaithful shepherds, and after the ill resentment he met with for it; when he deserved love and thanks for it, he is repaid with disdain and hatred by the people, as well as by the shepherds; when he saw all this, then, &c. Thus they rejected Christ, the true Shepherd. I will not feed you; next he rejecteth them, he will no more take care of them, or provide for them. That that dieth, let it die; that which is ready to die, and will not be cured, but hath rejected the Shepherd’ s love and skill, let it die; it is like that. If ye believe not, ye shall die in your sins. That that is to…

Read Matthew Poole on Zechariah 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Zechariah 11:9 Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another.Ver. 9. Then said I, I will not feed you] Now the wrath of the Lord arose against his people, so that there was no remedy, as 2 Chronicles 36:16. Now his decree brought forth, Zephaniah 2:2. Now he grows implacable, inexorable, peremptory. Wherein nevertheless the Lord might very well break forth into that speech of the heathen emperor, when he was to pass sentence upon a malefactor, Non nisi coactus, I would not do this if I could do otherwise. Christ could not tell Jerusalem without tears that her day of grace…

Read John Trapp on Zechariah 11 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 9. I will not feed you] I shall instruct you no longer: some of you are appointed to death by famine; others, to be cut off by the sword; and others of you, to such desparation that ye shall destroy one another.

Read AdamClarke on Zechariah 11 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And I said, I will not feed you - God, at last, leaves the rebellious soul or people to itself, as He says by Moses, “Then My anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them,

Read Albert Barnes on Zechariah 11 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Withdrawal of the good shepherd, 9-14.9, 10. As a result of the flock’s ingratitude, the shepherd decided to discontinue the shepherding care.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Zechariah 11 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Then I said, “I will no longer shepherd you. Let the dying die, and the perishing perish; and let those who remain devour one another’s flesh.”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Then I said, “I will not feed you. That which dies, let it die; and that which is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let those who are left eat each other’s flesh.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Then I said, “I will no longer shepherd you. Let the dying die, and the perishing perish; and let those who remain devour one another’s flesh.”

NETBNew English Translation2006

I then said, “I will not shepherd you. What is to die, let it die, and what is to be eradicated, let it be eradicated. As for those who survive, let them eat each other’s flesh!”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Then said I, I will not feed you: that which dieth, let it die; and that which is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let them that are left eat every one the flesh of another.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let them which are left eat every one the flesh of another.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Then said I, I will not feed you: that which dieth, let it die; and that which is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat, every one the flesh of another.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Then said I, I will not feede you: that that dyeth, let it dye: and that that perisheth, let it perish: and let the remnant eate, euery one the flesh of his neighbour.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I said, I will not feed you: that which dieth, let it die; and that which perisheth let it perish; and let them which are left eat every one the flesh of another.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I say, 'I do not feed you, the dying, let die; and the cut off, let be cut off; and the remaining ones, let each eat the flesh of its neighbour.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I say, “I do not feed you, the dying, let die; and the cut off, let be cut off; and the remaining ones, let each eat the flesh of its neighbor.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Then said I, I will not feed you: what is dying may die; and what is to be lost may be lost; and those that are left may eat every one the flesh of the other.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then I said to the owners, “I will not work as a shepherd for you any longer. The sheep that are dying—let them die; the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed. Let the sheep that remain each eat the flesh of its neighbor.”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And I said: I will not feed you: that which dieth, let it die: and that which is cut off, let it be cut off: and let the rest devour every one the flesh of his neighbour.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Then I said, “I will not be your shepherd. If the sheep die, they die. Let those that are to perish, perish. Let those who are left eat each other!”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And I said, I will not take care of you: If death comes to any, let death be its fate; if any is cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest take one another's flesh for food.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וָandclauseverbאֹמַ֕רI.saidclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbאֶרְעֶ֖הI.will.shepherdnoun phrase · objectאֶתְכֶ֑םyouclausenoun phrase · subjectהַthe.[one.[fem]מֵּתָ֣הwhich].diesverbתָמ֗וּתlet.it.[fem].dieוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectהַthe.[one.[fem]נִּכְחֶ֨דֶת֙which.is].being.destroyedverbתִּכָּחֵ֔דlet.it.[fem].be.destroyedוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectהַ֨[those.[fem]נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹתwhich].surviveverbתֹּאכַ֕לְנָהlet.them.[fem].devouradverbialאִשָּׁ֖הeach.[fem]noun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseבְּשַׂ֥רthe.fleshnoun phraseרְעוּתָֽits.neighbor.[fem]הּher

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording for this verse, with 13 of the 14 words matched. The differences lie in the arrangement and interpretation of the text, which may reflect varying emphases in the original Hebrew and the Greek translation.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹ֥א אֶרְעֶ֖ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם הַמֵּתָ֣ה תָמ֗וּת וְהַנִּכְחֶ֙דֶת֙ תִּכָּחֵ֔ד וְהַ֨נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת תֹּאכַ֕לְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־ בְּשַׂ֥ר רְעוּתָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וָאֹמַ֕רεἶπαלֹ֥אοὐאֶרְעֶ֖הποιμανῶאֶתְכֶ֑םὑμᾶςהַמֵּתָ֣הἀποθνῇσκονתָמ֗וּתἀποθνῃσκέτωוְהַנִּכְחֶ֙דֶת֙ἐκλεῖπονתִּכָּחֵ֔דἐκλειπέτωוְהַ֨נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹתκατάλοιπαתֹּאכַ֕לְנָהκατεσθιέτωσανאִשָּׁ֖הἕκαστοςבְּשַׂ֥רσάρκαςרְעוּתָֽהּ׃τοῦ

13 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Zechariah 11:9אָמַרand I saidand I saidאָמַרלֹאnotnotלֹאבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדI will shepI will shepherdבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדאֵתthe object the object markאֵתמוּתthe [one whthe [one which]מוּתמוּתlet it dielet it dieמוּתכָּחַדand the [onand the [one whכָּחַדכָּחַדlet it be dlet it be destrכָּחַדשָׁאַרand those [and those [whicשָׁאַראָכַלlet them delet them devourאָכַלאִשָּׁהeacheachאִשָּׁהאֵתthe object the object markאֵתבָּשָׂר[the] flesh[the] flesh ofבָּשָׂררְעוּת[female] ne[female] neighbרְעוּתאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתבָּשַׂרto bear tito bear tidingsבָּשַׂראִישׁmanmanאִישׁאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדHouse of SHouse of Shepheבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁרָצַחto murderto murderרָצַחקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרמִן־fromfromמִן־כֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדרָבַץto stretchto stretchרָבַץעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶרשָׂרִידsurvivorsurvivorשָׂרִידפְּלֵיטָהsurvivorsurvivorפְּלֵיטָהשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Zechariah 11:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
וָאֹמַ֕רva.'o.Mar and I said H559 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect first person common singular
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect first person common singular
Hc/Vqw1cs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
לֹ֥אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
refuse to, abandon
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
אֶרְעֶ֖ה'er.'Eh I will shepherd H7462 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
177× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to care for or tend to someone or something, like a shepherd with his flock. It can also mean to rule over or associate with someone as a friend, and is sometimes used to describe a close relationship.
Amplified meaning
care for, tend to
Tyndale gloss
House of Shepherds
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word רָעָה (*ra'ah*) is built from a primitive root meaning to tend or pasture a flock. It covers a range of meanings including to graze, rule, associate with, and befriend. The term appears in contexts related to shepherding and companionship, with a specific mention of the 'binding-house of shepherds' in 2 Kings 10:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים perh. n.pr.loc. (binding-house of the shepherds) 2 K 10:12

base

רָעָה 167 vb. pasture, tend, graze

Qal

trans.

intrans.

Niph. poss.

Hiph. v.

base

[רָעָה] vb. prob. associate with

Qal cherish faithfulness

Hithp. do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man

base

[רָעָה] vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend;—Ju 14:20

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7462a בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים binding-house of shepherds H7462b רָעָה pasture, tend, graze H7462c רָעָה prob. associate with H7462d רָעָה vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7462 ra`ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it;

intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively);

generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a

friend):--X break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat

up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with,

herdman, keep (sheep)(-er), pastor, + shearing house,

shepherd, wander, waste.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים (bet-e.qed ha.ro.im) — House of Shepherds.

Ra'ah = "pasturing"

perh. "binding-house of the shepherds"

רָעָה (ra.ah) — to pasture.

1) to pasture, tend, graze, feed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tend, pasture

1a1a) to shepherd

1a1b) of ruler, teacher (fig)

1a1c) of people as flock (fig)

1a1d) shepherd, herdsman (subst)

1a2) to feed, graze

1a2a) of cows, sheep etc (literal)

1a2b) of idolater, Israel as flock (fig)

1b) (Hiphil) shepherd, shepherdess

Also means: ro.i (רֹעִי "to shepherd" H7473)

רָעָה (ra.ah) — to accompany.

1) to associate with, be a friend of (meaning probable)

1a) (Qal) to associate with

1b) (Hithpael) to be companions

רָעָה (ra.ah) — to befriend.

(Piel) to be a special friend

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

shep'-erd (ro`eh, ro`i; poimen, "a feeder"): The sheep owner frequently tends the flocks himself (Ge 4:4; 30:40; compare Eze 34:12), but more often he delegates the work to his children (Ge 29:9; 1Sa 16:19; 17:15) or relatives (Ge 31:6). In such cases the sheep have good care because the keepers have a personal interest in the well-being of the animals, but when they are attended by a hireling (1Sa 17:20) the flocks may be neglected or abused (Isa 56:10,11; Eze…

Shepherd

A word naturally of frequent occurence in Scripture. Sometimes the word “pastor” is used instead (Jer. 2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 12:10; 17:16). This word is used figuratively to represent the relation of rulers to their subjects and of God to his people (Ps. 23:1; 80:1; Isa. 40:11; 44:28; Jer. 25:34, 35; Nahum 3:18; John 10:11, 14; Heb. 13:20; 1 Pet. 2:25; 5:4).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

In a nomadic state of society every man, from the sheikh down to the slave, is more or less a shepherd. The progenitors of the Jews in the patriarchal age were nomads, and their history is rich in scenes of pastoral life. The occupation of tending the flocks was undertaken,not only by the sons of wealthy chiefs, (Genesis 30:29) ff.; Genesis37:12 ff., but even by their daughters. (Genesis 29:6,8; Exodus 2:10) The Egyptian captivity did march to implant a love of settled abode, and consequently we find the tribes which still retained a taste for shepherd life selecting their own quarters apart from their brethren in the transjordanic district. (

Or PASTOR.

Abel was a keeper of sheep, Ge 4:2, as were the greater number of the ancient patriarchs. When men began to multiply, and to follow different employments, Jabal son of Lamech was acknowledged as father, that is, founder of shepherd and nomads, Ge 4:20. A large part of the wealth of ancient patriarchs consisted in flocks and herds, the care of which was shared by their sons, daughters, and servants. Rachel the bride of Jacob was a shepherdess, Ge 29:6; his sons, the fathers of the tribes of Israel were shepherds, and so was David their king, Ps 78:70-72. The employment is highly honored in the Bible, Lu 2:8-20. In…

and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
אֶתְכֶ֑ם'et.Khem the object marker you H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo/Sp2mp — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
הַמֵּתָ֣הha.me.Tah the [one which] dies H4191 Particle · verb qal participle (active) feminine singular
840× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Amplified meaning
those perishing, coming to an end
Tyndale gloss
to die
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּת vb. die

Qal

die, of natural or other causes

die as a penalty = be put to death

Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

Hiph.

abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

subj. God, by inflicting penalty

of animals killing men

bring to a premature death

Hoph. be killed, put to death

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes

. die as a penalty = be put to death

. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

. subj. God, by inflicting penalty

. of animals killing men

. bring to a premature death

. be killed, put to death

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4191 muwth mooth

a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);

causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,

man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,

be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,

slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּת (mut) — to die.

1) to die, kill, have one executed

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to die

1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death

1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)

1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)

1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch

1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be killed, be put to death

1d1a) to die prematurely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) feminine singular
HTd/Vqrfsa
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
תָמ֗וּתta.Mut let it die H4191 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
840× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Tyndale gloss
to die
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּת vb. die

Qal

die, of natural or other causes

die as a penalty = be put to death

Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

Hiph.

abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

subj. God, by inflicting penalty

of animals killing men

bring to a premature death

Hoph. be killed, put to death

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes

. die as a penalty = be put to death

. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

. subj. God, by inflicting penalty

. of animals killing men

. bring to a premature death

. be killed, put to death

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4191 muwth mooth

a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);

causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,

man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,

be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,

slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּת (mut) — to die.

1) to die, kill, have one executed

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to die

1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death

1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)

1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)

1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch

1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be killed, be put to death

1d1a) to die prematurely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
HVqi3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(muth, gawa`; apothnesko, teleutao): "To die," etc., is of very frequent occurrence, and in the Old Testament is generally the translation of muth, meaning perhaps originally, "to be stretched out" or "prostrate." "To die," should be the consequence of eating the forbidden fruit (Ge 2:17; compare Ge 20:7; 2Ki 1:4,6). "Die" is commonly used of natural death (Ge 5:8; 25:8). It is used also of violent death (Ge 26:9,11; Ex 21:20); punitive (Ex 19:12; 21:12,14; 28:43; Nu…

and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
וְהַנִּכְחֶ֙דֶת֙ve.han.nikh.Che.det and the [one which] is being destroyed H3582 Conjunction · particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine singular
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Kachad means to hide or conceal, and can also mean to destroy or cut off. It is used to describe being hidden or effaced.
Amplified meaning
those being cut off, destroyed
Tyndale gloss
to hide
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּחַד (kachad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It can also imply destruction or desolation, with various forms indicating actions like being hidden (Niphal) or actively hiding (Hiphil). The entries highlight its use in different contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.

Niph.

be hidden

be effaced, destroyed

Pi. hide

Hiph.

hide

efface, annihilate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3582 [כָּחַד] not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3582 kachad kaw-khad'

a primitive root; to secrete, by act or word; hence

(intensively) to destroy:--conceal, cut down (off), desolate,

hide.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּחַד (ka.chad) — to hide.

1) to hide, conceal, cut off, cut down, make desolate, kick

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be hidden

1a2) to be effaced, be destroyed, be cut off

1b) (Piel) to cover, hide

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to hide

1c2) to efface, annihilate

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | V-Niphal-Inf-c — Conjunction · particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine singular
HC/Td/VNrfsa
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
תִּכָּחֵ֔דti.ka.Ched let it be destroyed H3582 Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person feminine singular
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Kachad means to hide or conceal, and can also mean to destroy or cut off. It is used to describe being hidden or effaced.
Tyndale gloss
to hide
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּחַד (kachad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It can also imply destruction or desolation, with various forms indicating actions like being hidden (Niphal) or actively hiding (Hiphil). The entries highlight its use in different contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.

Niph.

be hidden

be effaced, destroyed

Pi. hide

Hiph.

hide

efface, annihilate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3582 [כָּחַד] not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3582 kachad kaw-khad'

a primitive root; to secrete, by act or word; hence

(intensively) to destroy:--conceal, cut down (off), desolate,

hide.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּחַד (ka.chad) — to hide.

1) to hide, conceal, cut off, cut down, make desolate, kick

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be hidden

1a2) to be effaced, be destroyed, be cut off

1b) (Piel) to cover, hide

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to hide

1c2) to efface, annihilate

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person feminine singular
HVNi3fs
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
וְהַ֨נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹתve.Ha.nish.'a.Rot and those [which] survive H7604 Conjunction · particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine plural
133× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To remain or be left over, as in Joshua 10:20. It can also mean to spare or reserve something, like God sparing Noah in Genesis 7:23. This word is used to describe the remnant of Israel.
Amplified meaning
are left, spared
Tyndale gloss
to remain
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁאַר (sha'ar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to remain or be left over. It encompasses various nuances, including being left behind, surviving, or leaving something as a gift. The entries indicate its use in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, highlighting its versatility in contexts like remnants or spare items.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁאַר 133 vb. remain, be left over

Qalthe youngest still remains

Niph.

be left over

be left behind

Hiph.

leave over, spare

leave or keep over

the city shall have 100 left

leave as a gift

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7604 שָׁאַר remain, be left over .he youngest still remains

. . be left over

. be left behind

. . leave over, spare

. leave or keep over

. the city shall have 100 left

. leave as a gift

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7604 sha'ar shaw-ar'

a primitive root; properly, to swell up, i.e. be

(causatively, make) redundant:--leave, (be) left, let,

remain, remnant, reserve, the rest.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁאַר (sha.ar) — to remain.

1) to remain, be left over, be left behind

1a) (Qal) to remain

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be left over, be left alive, survive

1b1a) remainder, remnant (participle)

1b2) to be left behind

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to leave over, spare

1c2) to leave or keep over

1c3) to have left

1c4) to leave (as a gift)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | V-Niphal-Inf-c — Conjunction · particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine plural
HC/Td/VNrfpa
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
תֹּאכַ֕לְנָהto.Khal.nah let them devour H398 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine plural
810× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Amplified meaning
eat, consume
Tyndale gloss
to eat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָכַל 806 vb. eat

Qal

eat, human subject

of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

fig. of fire, devour, consume

of sword, devour, slay

in genl., devour, consume, destroy

fig. of oppression, devour the poor

Niph.

be eaten by man

be devoured by fire, consumed

be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

Pu. be consumed

Hiph.

cause to eat, feed with

cause to devoure, obj. sword

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject

. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

. fig. of fire, devour, consume

. of sword, devour, slay

. in genl., devour, consume, destroy

. fig. of oppression, devour the poor

. . be eaten by man

. be devoured by fire, consumed

. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

. be consumed

. . cause to eat, feed with

. cause to devoure, obj. sword

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

398 'akal aw-kal'

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at

all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),

feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)

meat, X quite.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.

1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to eat (human subject)

1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)

1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)

1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)

1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)

1a6) to devour (of oppression)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be eaten (by men)

1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)

1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to cause to eat, feed with

1c2) to cause to devour

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to feed

1d2) to cause to eat

1e) (Piel)

1e1) consume

Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine plural
HVqi3fp
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
אִשָּׁ֖ה'i.Shah each H802 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
781× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Tyndale gloss
woman
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female

woman

Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

Female of animals

With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman

. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

. Female of animals

. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

802 'ishshah ish-shaw'

feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym

{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as

582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,

one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

see HEBREW for 0376

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0582

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.

: woman

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.

: wife/widow

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.

: another

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
בְּשַׂ֥רbe.Sar [the] flesh of H1320 Noun common · masculine singular construct
270× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for flesh refers to the body or a person, and can also describe living things or animals. In the Bible, it is used to describe humans and animals, as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
body, physical being
Tyndale gloss
flesh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh

of the body

flesh for the body itself

male organ of generation (euphemism)

flesh for kindred, blood-relations

man over against God as frail or erring

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body

. flesh for the body itself

. male organ of generation (euphemism)

. flesh for kindred, blood-relations

. man over against God as frail or erring

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1320 basar baw-sawr'

from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,

person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,

lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.

see HEBREW for 01319

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.

1) flesh

1a) of the body

1a1) of humans

1a2) of animals

1b) the body itself

1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)

1d) kindred, blood-relations

1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)

1f) all living things

1g) animals

1h) mankind

Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and I said not I will shepherd the object marker you the [one which] dies let it die and the [one which] is being destroyed let it be destroyed and those [which] survive let them devour each the object marker [the] flesh of [female] neighbor its
רְעוּתָֽהּ׃re.'u.Tah [female] neighbor its H7468 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a female companion or neighbor, often used to describe a woman who is an associate or friend. In the Bible, it is used to describe a close relationship. It appears in various KJV translations as 'another' or 'mate'.
Amplified meaning
each other's, neighbor's
Tyndale gloss
neighbor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רְעוּת (r`uwth) refers to a female associate or companion, often translated as 'neighbor woman' or 'mate.' It is derived from related roots indicating companionship and proximity. The entries highlight its usage in contexts involving female relationships, but do not specify particular verses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רְעוּת n.f. fellow (-woman)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7468 רְעוּת fellow (-woman)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7468 r`uwth reh-ooth'

from 7462 in the sense of 7453; a female associate; generally

an additional one:--+ another, mate, neighbour.

see HEBREW for 07462

see HEBREW for 07453

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רְעוּת (re.ut) — neighbor.

female companion, mate, neighbour woman

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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