Psalms 95:8 — Word Study
WLCאַל־ תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה כְּי֥וֹם מַ֝סָּ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
BSAdo notʼal [refuse to] hardenqâshâh▸ [make stubborn, unyielding] your heartslêbâb in the dayyôwm [a time of testing, trial] in the wildernessmidbâr [a desert, a place of spiritual dryness, barrenness]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| תַּקְשׁ֣וּ | you harden | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| לְ֭בַבְכֶם | heart your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה | like Meribah | Preposition, noun proper |
| כְּי֥וֹם | like [the] day of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מַ֝סָּ֗ה | Massah | Noun proper |
| בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | in the wilderness | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | do not harden your hearts as you did at Meribah, in the day at Massah in the wilderness, |
| KJV | Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: |
| ASV | Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, As in the day of Massah in the wilderness; |
| YLT | Harden not your heart as [in] Meribah, As [in] the day of Massah in the wilderness, |
| WEB | Don’t harden your heart, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the wilderness, |
| BBE | Let not your hearts be hard, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the waste land; |
All translations agree on the warning against hardening hearts.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by comparative and prepositional phrases that provide context and historical reference.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbקָשָׁה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 95:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Warning from the Psalmistgenerated
Psalms 95:8 serves as a reminder not to harden one's heart against God, drawing on the historical rebellion of the Israelites at Meribah and Massah. This call is part of a larger exhortation that emphasizes the importance of listening to God's voice and remaining faithful. The psalmist reflects on the consequences faced by the Israelites, urging the community to avoid repeating their mistakes.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 8:15 | When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 6:6 | Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people on their way as they departed? |
| 3 | Daniel 5:20 | But when his heart became arrogant and his spirit was hardened with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne, and his glory was taken from him. |
| 4 | Acts 19:9 | But when some of them stubbornly refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way, Paul took his disciples and left the synagogue to conduct daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. |
| 5 | Romans 2:5 | But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תַּקְשׁ֣וּ, tak.Shugenerated
The verb תַּקְשׁ֣וּ (tak.Shu) is in the Hiphil stem, indicating a causative action — to make something hard or stubborn. It is directed at the second person masculine plural, meaning it addresses a group, likely the people of Israel. This word is often associated with obstinacy or refusal to yield.
In this context, it serves as a warning against the spiritual hardness that leads to rebellion, specifically recalling the Israelites' failure to trust God during their trials in the wilderness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the warning against hardening hearts in this verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb תַּקְשׁ֣וּ governs the sentence, with a series of phrases that provide context: the adverbial negation אַל precedes it, indicating a prohibition, while the phrases following it elaborate on the historical context of Meribah and Massah.
The structure highlights the imperative nature of the warning, emphasizing the need for attentiveness to God's voice and the consequences of rebellion.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb תַּקְשׁ֣וּ is rendered as σκληρύνητε (sklērynēte), which also means to harden. This choice reflects a direct translation of the original meaning, maintaining the emphasis on the danger of obstinacy.
The use of this term in the LXX underscores the continuity of the warning from the Hebrew text, preserving the call for the people to remain soft-hearted and receptive to God's direction.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 95:8 warns the people not to harden their hearts like the Israelites did at Meribah and Massah in the wilderness. This serves as a reminder to listen to God's voice and avoid rebellion.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To harden one's heart means to become stubborn or unyielding, refusing to listen to God or follow His guidance.
At Meribah and Massah, the Israelites tested God by questioning His presence and provision during their journey in the wilderness.
The psalmist warns against hardening hearts to remind the people of the consequences of rebellion and the importance of faithfulness to God.
We can avoid hardening our hearts by staying open to God's voice, being receptive to His guidance, and remembering His faithfulness in our lives.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life might I be hardening my heart against God's guidance?
- How can I cultivate a heart that is open and responsive to God's voice?
- What lessons can I learn from the Israelites' experience in the wilderness?
- How can I encourage others to remain faithful and avoid hardening their hearts?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers, such as Augustine of Hippo, referenced this verse to emphasize the importance of heeding God's voice and avoiding spiritual hardness.
Therefore, "Today if you will hear His voice, harden not your hearts" [Psalms 95:8].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 95 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 95:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHarden not your hearts,.... Against Christ, against his Gospel, against all the light and evidence of it.
Read John Gill on Psalms 95 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 95 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHarden not your heart, by wilful disobedience and obstinate unbelief, rebelling against the light, and resisting the Holy Ghost, and his clear discoveries of the truth of the gospel. As in the provocation; as you did in that bold and wicked contest with God in the wilderness. Or, as in Meribah, which was the proper name of the place where that happened, and which also was called Massah, as is evident from . As in the day of temptation; in the day in which you tempted me. Or, as in the day of Massah, i.e. when you were at Massah.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 95 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 95:8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, [and] as [in] the day of temptation in the wilderness:Ver. 8. Harden not your heart] By unbelief, and the deceitfulness of sin, Hebrews 3:12-13, which gradually affirms the heart against God. As in the provocation] As your fathers did at Massah and Meribah; be not you as good at resisting the Holy Ghost as they were, Acts 7:51.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 95 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) The mention of the guiding voice suggests to the poet to make God Himself address His people, and with this verse the Divine warning begins. Provocation . . . temptation.—It is better to keep here the proper names Meribah and Massah (Exodus 17:1-7; Numbers 20:13 : comp. Deuteronomy 33:8).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 95 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–11. Jehovah speaks, warning Israel not to repeat the sins of obstinacy and unbelief by which their ancestors provoked Him.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 95 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHarden not your heart - See this verse explained in the notes at Hebrews 3:8.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 95 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible8. As in the provocation… as in the day of temptation—It is better to take “provocation” and “temptation” as proper names. The Hebrew simply reads: As Meribah, as the day of Massah, in the wilderness.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 95 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
do not harden your hearts as you did at Meribah, in the day at Massah in the wilderness,
Don’t harden your heart, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the wilderness,
do not harden your hearts as you did at Meribah, in the day at Massah in the wilderness,
He says, “Do not be stubborn like they were at Meribah, like they were that day at Massah in the wilderness,
Tyndale line
Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness:
Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, As in the day of Massah in the wilderness;
Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the wilderness:
Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness:
Harden not your heart, as in Meribah, and as in the day of Massah in the wildernesse.
Strictly literal
Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, as [in] the day of Massah, in the wilderness;
Harden not your heart as [in] Meribah, As [in] the day of Massah in the wilderness,
Do not harden your heart as [in] Meribah, || As [in] the day of Massah in the wilderness,
Harden not your heart, as at Meribah, as on the day of the temptation in the wilderness:
“Do not harden your heart, as at Meribah, or as on the day of Massah in the wilderness,
From the Latin
Bring to the Lord glory unto his name. Bring up sacrifices, and come into his courts:
Simplified
don't have a hard-hearted attitude, “as you did at Meribah, as you did that day at Massah in the desert,
Let not your hearts be hard, as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the waste land;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
אַל־ תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה כְּי֥וֹם מַ֝סָּ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ is found in the Masoretic Text, while the Septuagint matches closely with six of the seven words. This alignment indicates a strong agreement between the two texts, though the Septuagint's word order differs.
אַל־ תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה כְּי֥וֹם מַ֝סָּ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 95:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Part — ParticleHTn
קָשָׁה (qashah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be hard, severe, or fierce. It can describe difficulty or harshness in various contexts, including labor and obstinacy. The word has different forms, such as Qal (to be hard), Niphal (to be ill-treated), and Hiphil (to make difficult or burdensome).
[קָשָׁה] vb. be hard, severe, fierce
Qal
be hard, difficult
be hard, severe
Niph. hardly bestead, hard pressed
Pi. she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour)
Hiph.
make difficult, difficulty
make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king
make hard, stiff, stubborn, fig. of obstinacy
shew stubbornness
base
H7185 קָשָׁה be hard, severe, fierce .. be hard, difficult
. be hard, severe
. hardly bestead, hard pressed
. . make difficult, difficulty
. make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king
. . make hard, stiff, stubborn, fig. of obstinacy
. shew stubbornness
7185 qashah kaw-shaw'
a primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe
(in various applications):--be cruel, be fiercer, make
grievous, be ((ask a), be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en,
(labour), -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en,
(-necked)).
קָשָׁה (qa.shah) — to harden.
1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be hard, be difficult
1a2) to be hard, be severe
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be ill-treated
1b2) to be hard pressed
1c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to make difficult, make difficulty
1d2) to make severe, make burdensome
1d3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn
1d3a) of obstinacy (fig)
1d4) to show stubbornness
V-Hiphil-Juss-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVhi2mp
har'-d'-n (chazaq, qashah; skleruno):
(1) "Harden" occurs most frequently in the phrase "to harden the heart," or "the neck." This hardening of men's hearts is attributed both to God and to men themselves, e.g. with reference to the hearts of Pharaoh and the Egyptians; the Hiphil of chazaq, "to make strong," is frequently used in this connection (Ex 4:21, "I will harden his heart," the Revised Version margin (Hebrew) "make strong"; Ex 7:13, "And he hardened P.'s heart," the Revised Version (British and American) "was hardened," margin (Hebrew) "was strong"; Ex 7:22; 8:19; 9:12; 10:20,27, etc.; Ex 14:17, "I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians," the Revised Version margin…
לֵבָב (lebab) refers to the inner man, encompassing the mind, will, and heart. It highlights aspects like emotions, moral character, and conscience, often contrasting the inner self with the outer. The term is used primarily for humans and can also denote courage and appetites.
לֵבָב 251 n.m. inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the seas
usu. of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific ref. to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
spec. ref. to moral character
= the man himself
spec. as seat of appetites
spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
H3824 לֵבָב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the seas
. usu. of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific ref. to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. spec. ref. to moral character
. = the man himself
. spec. as seat of appetites
. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
. seat of courage
3824 lebab lay-bawb'
from 3823; the heart (as the most interior organ); used also
like 3820:--+ bethink themselves, breast, comfortably,
courage, ((faint), (tender-)heart((-ed)), midst, mind, X
unawares, understanding.
see HEBREW for 03823
see HEBREW for 03820
לֵבָב (le.vav) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Aramaic equivalent: le.vav (לְבַב "heart" H3825)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2mp
מְרִיבָה (Meribah) means 'place of strife' and refers to two locations where the Israelites complained against God: one at Rephidim and another at Kadesh. The name is derived from the root meaning 'strife' or 'contention,' highlighting the conflict experienced by the people in these desert settings.
מְרִיבָה n.pr.loc. (place of strife)
at Rephidim
at Kadesh
base
H4809 מְרִיבָה (place of strife) . at Rephidim
. at Kadesh
4809 Mriybah mer-ee-baw'
the same as 4808; Meribah, the name of two places in the
Desert:--Meribah.
see HEBREW for 04808
מְרִיבָה (me.ri.vah) — Meribah.
§ Meribah = "strife" or "contention"
1) a fountain at Rephidim, in the desert of Sin; so called because the Israelites murmured against God
2) the name of the water supply at Kadesh on the southern border of the promised land; the people also murmured here against God
מְרִיבָה (me.ri.vah) — Meribah.
§ Meribah = "strife" or "contention"
1) a fountain at Rephidim, in the desert of Sin; so called because the Israelites murmured against God
2) the name of the water supply at Kadesh on the southern border of the promised land; the people also murmured here against God
HR/Npl — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
mer'-i-ba, me-re'-ba.
See MASSAH AND MERIBAH.
Meribah
Quarrel or strife. (1.) One of the names given by Moses to the fountain in the desert of Sin, near Rephidim, which issued from the rock in Horeb, which he smote by the divine command, “because of the chiding of the children of Israel” (Ex. 17:1-7). It was also called Massah (q.v.). It was probably in Wady Feiran, near Mount Serbal.
(2.) Another fountain having a similar origin in the desert of Zin, near to Kadesh (Num. 27:14). The two places are mentioned together in Deut. 33:8. Some think the one place is called by the two names (Ps. 81:7). In smiting the rock at this place Moses showed the same impatience as the people (
(strife, contention). In (Exodus 17:7) we read, "he called the name of the place Massah and Meribah," where the people murmured and the rock was smitten. [For the situation see REPHIDIM] The name is also given to Kadesh, (Numbers 20:13,24; 27:14; 32:51) (Meribah-kadesh), because there also the people, when in want of water, strove with God.
Strife,
1. A station of the Israelites between the Red Sea and Mount Sinai, where they murmured against the Lord, and a fountain gushed from the rock for their use, Ex 17:1-7. It was also named Massah, temptation, when they tempted God there, De 33:8 Heb 3:8.
2. A similar miraculous fountain in the desert of Zin, near Kadesh, which see, Nu 20:13,14. This was the scene of the transgression of Moses and Aaron, for which they were precluded from crossing the Jordan. It is called "the waters of Meribah," De 33:8 Ps 81:7 106:32, and also Meribah-kadesh,
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַסָּה (Massah) refers to a location in the wilderness where the Israelites tested God. It is associated with the concept of 'temptation' and is also linked to another site called Meribah. The entries consistently identify it as a place rather than a broader concept.
מַסָּה n.pr.loc. where Israel tried י׳ in the wilderness
base
H4532 מַסָּה where Israel tried י׳ in the wildernaess
4532 Maccah mas-saw'
the same as 4531; Massah, a place in the Desert:--Massah.
see HEBREW for 04531
מַסָּה (mas.sah) — Massah.
§ Massah = "temptation"
the place in the wilderness where the Israelites tested Jehovah
also 'Meribah'
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
Massah
Trial, temptation, a name given to the place where the Israelites, by their murmuring for want of water, provoked Jehovah to anger against them. It is also called Meribah (Ex. 17:7; Deut. 6:16; Ps. 95:8, 9; Heb. 3:8).
(temptation), a name given to the spot, also called Meribah, where the Israelites tempted Jehovah. (Exodus 16:7; Psalms 95:8,9; Hebrews 3:8)
temptation
→ An encampment of the Israelites Ex 17:7
→ See MERIBAH
מִדְבָּר (midbar) primarily means 'mouth' in the sense of an organ of speech, but it also refers to 'wilderness' or 'desert.' The word is derived from a root meaning to drive, suggesting open fields for pasturing cattle. It encompasses various forms of uninhabited land and is notably used in contexts related to the wilderness, such as the Wilderness of Sinai.
[מִדְבָּר] n.m. mouth, as organ of speech, Ct 4:3
ref
מִדְבָר 270 n.m. wilderness
tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds
uninhabited land
large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities
fig.
base
H4057a מִדְבָּר mouth, as organ of speech H4057b מִדְבָר wilderness
4057 midbar mid-bawr'
from 1696 in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open
field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert;
also speech (including its organs):--desert, south, speech,
wilderness.
see HEBREW for 01696
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — mouth.
1) mouth
1a) mouth (as organ of speech)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — wilderness.
1) wilderness
1a) pasture
1b) uninhabited land, wilderness
1c) large tracts of wilderness (around cities)
1d) wilderness (fig.)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — Wilderness (of Sinai).
This name means wilderness, uninhabited land
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
wil'-der-nes.
See DESERT; JUDAEA, WILDERNESS OF; WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.
Wilderness
(1.) Heb. midhbar, denoting not a barren desert but a district or region suitable for pasturing sheep and cattle (Ps. 65:12; Isa. 42:11; Jer. 23:10; Joel 1:19; 2:22); an uncultivated place. This word is used of the wilderness of Beersheba (Gen. 21:14), on the southern border of Palestine; the wilderness of the Red Sea (Ex. 13:18); of Shur (15:22), a portion of the Sinaitic peninsula; of Sin (17:1), Sinai (Lev. 7:38), Moab (Deut. 2:8), Judah (
See DESERT.