Psalms 76:8 — Word Study
WLCמִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ דִּ֑ין אֶ֖רֶץ יָֽרְאָ֣ה וְשָׁקָֽטָה׃
BSAfearedyârêʼ [was in awe, stood in reverence]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם | from heaven | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ | you proclaimed | Verb, Hiphil, perfect second person masculine singular |
| דִּ֑ין | judgment | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אֶ֖רֶץ | [the] earth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| יָֽרְאָ֣ה | it was afraid | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| וְשָׁקָֽטָה׃ | and it was quiet | Conjunction, verb qal perfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still |
| KJV | Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still, |
| ASV | Thou didst cause sentence to be heard from heaven; The earth feared, and was still, |
| YLT | From heaven Thou hast sounded judgment, Earth hath feared, and hath been still, |
| WEB | You pronounced judgment from heaven. The earth feared, and was silent, |
| BBE | From heaven you gave your decision; the earth, in its fear, gave no sound, |
Where they part company is יָֽרְאָ֣ה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause with two phrases describing God's action and the earth's reaction, illustrating the powerful impact of divine judgment.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמִי
verbאַתָּה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 76:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Judgment and the Earth’s Responsegenerated
Psalm 76:8 describes how God, from His heavenly throne, pronounces judgment, evoking fear and stillness in the earth. This reflects the overarching theme of God's sovereignty and authority in the world, as seen in the surrounding verses which emphasize His power and the reverence it commands from creation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 19:10 | Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow. They must wash their clothes |
| 2 | Judges 5:20 | From the heavens the stars fought; from their courses they fought against Sisera. |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 32:20–22 | In response, King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz cried out to heaven in prayer, |
| 4 | Ezekiel 38:20–23 | The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that crawls upon the ground, and all mankind on the face of the earth will tremble at My presence. The mountains will be thrown down, the cliffs will collapse, and every wall will fall to the ground. |
| 5 | Psalm 46:10 | “Be still and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted over the earth.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — דִּ֑ין, Dingenerated
The Hebrew word דִּין (*din*) means 'judgment' and is often used in legal contexts to describe a verdict or decision. It conveys the idea of justice and authority, as it relates to God's role as the ultimate judge over the earth.
In this verse, it signifies the pronouncement of God's judgment from heaven, which leads to a profound response from the earth, highlighting the seriousness and weight of divine authority.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ (*hishma'ta*), meaning 'you proclaimed', governs the entire verse. It is followed by a noun phrase דִּ֑ין (*din*), indicating what was proclaimed, and two clauses that describe the earth's response: יָֽרְאָ֣ה (*ya.re.'ah*) and וְשָׁקָֽטָה (*ve.sha.kat*).
The sentence structure emphasizes the action of God and the resulting fear and stillness of the earth, demonstrating a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates דִּ֑ין as κρίσιν (*krisin*), meaning 'judgment' or 'decision'. This choice reflects a similar understanding of God's authoritative judgment but may also imply a broader interpretation of divine justice.
The Greek word יָֽרְאָ֣ה is rendered as φοβερὸς (*phoberos*), which emphasizes the fear and awe associated with God's presence and judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 76:8 tells us that God declared judgment from heaven, which caused the earth to fear and become still. This shows God's power and authority over the world, as the earth responds in reverence.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's authority and power to judge, demonstrating that His decisions have a direct impact on the earth and its inhabitants.
The earth's fear and stillness reflect the awe and reverence that God's judgment commands, indicating the seriousness of His authority.
This verse is part of a larger psalm that emphasizes God's sovereignty and the response of creation to His power, reinforcing the theme of divine authority.
Related scriptures include Exodus 19:10 and Psalm 46:10, which also speak of God's authority and the reverence it inspires.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I recognize God's authority in my life?
- How can I cultivate a sense of reverence for God's judgment?
- What does it mean for the earth to be still in the presence of God's judgment?
- How can I apply the lessons of this verse to my understanding of justice and authority?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, drawing from it to illustrate God's judgment and its effects on creation.
"From Heaven You have hurled judgment: the earth has trembled, and has rested" [Psalms 76:8].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 76 →
If every one had imitated this cruelty, nothing else would have been left then for me in my lifetime but to be wasted by want, and, at my death, instead of being committed to a tomb, to be made meat for dogs and wild beasts.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 76 →
“He has hurled judgment from heaven; the earth trembled and grew quiet.” Here that very power of judgment is explained, because from that height of power judgment descends in such a way as if it had been a javelin sent by a very strong and…Early Church Fathers on Psalms 76 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 76:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven,.... When an angel was sent down from heaven, and destroyed the Assyrian army, a judgment of God upon them; at which time some think there was a
Read John Gill on Psalms 76 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThou art more glorious and excellent than the mountains of prey.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 76 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThou didst execute judgment upon thine enemies by an angel sent from heaven; which is said to be heard, either because that was accompanied with terrible thunders and earthquakes, which was not unusual in the descent of an angel, as , and elsewhere; or because the fame of it was quickly spread abroad in the land, and in the world. The effect of this terrible judgment was, that the rest of the world were afraid to invade or disturb the land and people of Israel, and chose rather to sit still in their own territories.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 76 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 76:8 Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still,Ver. 8. Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven] From thence is God’ s wrath revealed plainly and plentifully, Romans 1:18, and thence he oft appeareth for his people as out of an engine. The earth feared] All was hushed, as after a thunder clap.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 76 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Thou didst cause judgment to be heard] When God declared by his prophet that the enemy should not prevail, but on the contrary be destroyed, the earth - the land, and by metonymy the inhabitants of the land, were struck with astonishment and terror, so as not to be able to move. The great boaster Sennacherib, who carried terror, dismay and desolation every where, was now struck with dumb amazement; and the angel of the Almighty, in a moment, stopped the breath of those hosts in which he confided.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 76 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. Thou didst cause judgement to be heard] Or, as R.V., sentence. God pronounced sentence upon the proud Assyrian when He intervened for the rescue of His people. Cp. Psalms 46:6; Isaiah 30:30; 1 Samuel 2:10. from heaven] For though God has chosen Zion for His earthly dwelling-place, His true abode and seat of judgement is in heaven. the meek of the earth] Cp. Isaiah 11:4; Zephaniah 2:3. Israel, regarded ideally as ‘the righteous one’ (Psalms 75:10), and contrasted with ‘the wicked of the earth’ (Psalms 75:8), is meant.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 76 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThou didst cause judgment to be heard from heavens - It seemed to come from heaven; it was manifestly from thee. The overthrow of these enemies of thy people was a manifest judgment from thee, and should be so regarded.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 76 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible8. Judgment to be heard from heaven—The case was a clear one. No delay of secondary causes. The judgment fell like a bolt from heaven. No one, not even Sennacherib, doubted it was of God.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 76 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still
You pronounced judgment from heaven. The earth feared, and was silent,
From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still
From heaven you announced what their punishment would be. The earth was afraid and silent
Tyndale line
Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still,
Thou didst cause sentence to be heard from heaven; The earth feared, and was still,
Thou didst cause sentence to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still,
Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still,
Thou didest cause thy iudgement to bee heard from heauen: therefore the earth feared and was still,
Strictly literal
Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from the heavens; the earth feared, and was still,
From heaven Thou hast sounded judgment, Earth hath feared, and hath been still,
You have sounded judgment from the heavens, || Earth has feared, and has been still,
(76:9) From heaven hast thou caused [thy] sentence to be heard: the earth feared, and became still,
From heaven you made your judgment heard; the earth was afraid and silent
From the Latin
Will God then cast off for ever? or will he never be more favourable again?
Simplified
From heaven you announced judgment. Everyone on earth was afraid and stood still,
From heaven you gave your decision; the earth, in its fear, gave no sound,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 76:8 reads, 'From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still,' which is supported by the Septuagint, where five out of six words match the Hebrew text, though the word order and articles differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, indicating that the primary witnesses align closely with the Masoretic Text.
מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ דִּ֑ין אֶ֖רֶץ יָֽרְאָ֣ה וְשָׁקָֽטָה׃
5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 76:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁמַיִם (*shamayim*) is a dual noun meaning 'heavens' or 'sky.' It refers to the visible heavens where celestial bodies are found, as well as the abode of God. The dual form may suggest both the arch of the sky and the higher ether. It is noted in contexts such as Elijah's ascent in a whirlwind.
[שָׁמַי] n.m. only pl. שָׁמַיִם 421 heavens, sky
visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
phrases
as abode of God
Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
base
H8064 שָׁמַי only pl. שָׁמַיִם heavens, sky . . visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
. phrases
. . as abode of God
. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
8064 shamayim shaw-mah'-yim
dual of an unused singular shameh {shaw-meh'}; from an unused
root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps
alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well
as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies
revolve):--air, X astrologer, heaven(-s).
שָׁמַיִם (sha.ma.yim) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible heavens, sky
1a1) as abode of the stars
1a2) as the visible universe, the sky, atmosphere, etc
1b) Heaven (as the abode of God)
Aramaic equivalent: sha.ma.yin (שָׁמַ֫יִן "heaven" H8065)
HR/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
hev'-'n.
See ASTRONOMY.
Heaven
(1.) Definitions. The phrase “heaven and earth” is used to indicate the whole universe (Gen. 1:1; Jer. 23:24; Acts 17:24). According to the Jewish notion there were three heavens,
(a) The firmament, as “fowls of the heaven” (Gen. 2:19; 7:3, 23; Ps. 8:8, etc.), “the eagles of heaven” (Lam. 4:19), etc.
(b) The starry heavens (Deut. 17:3; Jer. 8:2; Matt. 24:29).
There are four Hebrew words thus rendered in the Old Testament which we may briefly notice. Raki’a , Authorized Version, firmament. [FIRMAMENT] Shamayim . This is the word used in the expression "the heaven and the earth," or "the upper and lower regions." (Genesis 1:1) Marom , used for heaven in (Psalms 18:16; Isaiah 24:18; Jeremiah 25:30). Properly speaking it means a mountain as in (Psalms 102:19; Ezekiel 17:23) Shechakim , "expanses," with reference to the extent of heaven. (33:26; Job 35:5) St. Paul’s expression "third heaven," (
In the Bible, means primarily the region of the air and clouds, and of the planets and stars, but chiefly the world of holy bliss above the visible heavens. It is called "the third heaven," "the highest heaven," and "the heaven of heavens," expressions nearly synonymous. There holy beings are to dwell, seeing all of God that it is possible for creatures to see. Thither Christ ascended, to intercede for his people and prepare for them a place where all shall at length be gathered, to go no more out forever, Eph 4:10 Heb 8:1 9:24-28.
In this life we can know but little of the location and appearance of heaven, or of the employments and blessedness of its inhabitants. The Scriptures inform us that all sin, and every other evil, are forever excluded; no fruits of sin will be found…
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
HVhp2ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect second person masculine singularHVhp2ms
דִּין (din) primarily means 'judgment' and encompasses concepts such as legal suits, causes, and strife. It can also refer to a throne of judgment or government. The word is built from a root related to justice and legal proceedings, and its Aramaic equivalent is also דִּין.
דִּין n.[m.] judgment
throne of judgment
cause, plea
judgment, condemnation
strife
government
base
H1779 דִּין judgment . throne of judgment
. cause, plea
. judgment, condemnation
. strife
. government
1779 duwn doon
from 1777; judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or
tribunal); by impl. also strife:--cause, judgement, plea,
strife.
see HEBREW for 01777
דִּין (din) — judgment.
1) judgment
1a) judgment
1b) cause, plea
1c) condemnation, judgment
1d) dispute, legal suit, strife
1e) government
Aramaic equivalent: din (דִּין "judgment" H1780)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Is put, in Mt 5:21,22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained…
→ THE GENERAL 1Ch 16:33; Job 14:17; 21:30; 31:13-15; Ps 9:7; 50:3-6; 96:13; 98:9; Ec 3:17; 11:9; 12:14; Eze 18:20-28; Da 7:9,10; Am 4:12; Mt 3:12; 7:22,23; 8:29; 10:15; 11:22; 12:36,37,41,42; 13:30,40-43,49,50; 16:27; 22:11-13; 23:14; 25:1-46; Mr 4:22; 8:38; 13:32; Lu 3:17; 10:10-14; 11:31,32; 12:2-5; 13:24-29; 19:12-26; 20:45-47;
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
יָרֵא (yare') is a Hebrew verb meaning to fear or be afraid, encompassing a range of meanings from reverence and honor to causing terror. It appears in various forms, including Qal (to fear), Niphal (to be fearful), and Piel (to terrify). The entries highlight its moral and emotional dimensions, emphasizing awe and respect, particularly in relation to the divine.
יָרֵא vb. fear
Qal
fear, be afraid
stand in awe of
fear, reverence, honour
Niph.
be fearful, dreadful
cause astonishment and awe
inspire reverence, godly fear, and awe
Piel. make afraid, terrify
base
H3372 יָרֵא fear .. fear, be afraid
. stand in awe of
. fear, reverence, honour
. . be fearful, dreadful
. cause astonishment and awe
. inspire reverence, godly fear, and awe
. make afraid, terrify
3372 yare' yaw-ray'
a primitive root; to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to
frighten:--affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in)
fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), X see,
terrible (act, -ness, thing).
יָרֵא (ya.re) — to fear.
: frightening(DANGER)
1) to fear, revere, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fear, be afraid
1a2) to stand in awe of, be awed
1a3) to fear, reverence, honour, respect
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be fearful, be dreadful, be feared
1b2) to cause astonishment and awe, be held in awe
1b3) to inspire reverence or godly fear or awe
1c) (Piel) to make afraid, terrify
2) (TWOT) to shoot, pour
יָרֵא (ya.re) — to fear: revere.
: awesome(god)
1) to fear, revere, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fear, be afraid
1a2) to stand in awe of, be awed
1a3) to fear, reverence, honour, respect
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be fearful, be dreadful, be feared
1b2) to cause astonishment and awe, be held in awe
1b3) to inspire reverence or godly fear or awe
1c) (Piel) to make afraid, terrify
2) (TWOT) to shoot, pour
Also means: ya.re (יָרֵא ": frightening" H3372)
V-Niphal — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
שָׁקַט (shaqat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be quiet or undisturbed. It encompasses a range of meanings including tranquility, inactivity, and rest, and can refer to both people and land. The Hiphil form indicates causing quietness or showing quietness. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁקַט vb. be quiet, undisturbed
Qal be quiet, undisturbed
of land, at peace
be quiet, inactive
Hiph.
shew quietness (inner causat.), of men
cause quietness
base
H8252 שָׁקַט be quiet, undisturbed .be quiet, undisturbed . of land, at peace
. be quiet, inactive
. . shew quietness (inner causat.), of men
. cause quietness
8252 shaqat shaw-kat'
a primitive root; to repose (usually figurative):--appease,
idleness, (at, be at, be in, give) quiet(-ness), (be at, be
in, give, have, take) rest, settle, be still.
שָׁקַט (sha.qat) — to quiet.
1) to be quiet, be tranquil, be at peace, be quiet, rest, lie still, be undisturbed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be quiet, be undisturbed
1a1a) to be at peace (of land)
1a2) to be quiet, be inactive
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to show quietness
1b1a) quietness, display of quietness (subst)
1b2) to quiet, be quiet
1b3) to cause quietness, pacify, allay
HC/Vqp3fs — Conjunction · verb qal perfect third person feminine singularHC/Vqp3fs
kwi'-et: Verb or adjective only in English Versions of the Bible, "quietness" being used for the noun. No special Hebrew or Greek words are represented, but in the Old Testament usually for some form or derivative of shaqaT, "be undisturbed" (Jud 18:7; compare Pr 1:33, sha'ar, "to loll," "be at ease"; Ec 9:17, nachath, "quiet," "be set on"). For "them that are quiet in the land", in Ps 35:20, see MEEKNESS; POOR. For "quiet prince in Jer 51:59, the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "chief chamberlain," margin "quartermaster." "Jacob was a quiet (tam, "gentle"] man" (