Psalms 69:12 — Word Study
WLCיָשִׂ֣יחוּ בִ֭י יֹ֣שְׁבֵי שָׁ֑עַר וּ֝נְגִינ֗וֹת שׁוֹתֵ֥י שֵׁכָֽר׃
BSAto givenâthan clothinglᵉbûwsh sackclothsaq to behâyâh proverbmâshâl
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָשִׂ֣יחוּ | they speak | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| בִ֭י | in me | Preposition, suffix |
| יֹ֣שְׁבֵי | [those who] sit of | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| שָׁ֑עַר | [the] gate | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּ֝נְגִינ֗וֹת | and taunt songs of | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural construct |
| שׁוֹתֵ֥י | drinkers of | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| שֵׁכָֽר׃ | strong drink | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song of drunkards. |
| KJV | They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards. |
| ASV | They that sit in the gate talk of me; And I am the song of the drunkards. |
| YLT | Those sitting at the gate meditate concerning me, And those drinking strong drink, Play on instruments. |
| WEB | Those who sit in the gate talk about me. I am the song of the drunkards. |
| BBE | I am a cause of wonder to those in authority; a song to those who are given to strong drink. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse.
The structure features a main clause with two subordinate phrases, emphasizing the actions of the mockers and the psalmist's identity.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbוְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 69:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament of Sufferinggenerated
Psalms 69:12 is part of a lament where the psalmist expresses deep distress over being mocked by those in positions of authority. The surrounding verses highlight his feelings of shame and isolation, as he contrasts his suffering with his earnest prayers to God for deliverance, as seen in verse 13 and verse 14.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 16:18 | You are to appoint judges and officials for your tribes in every town that the LORD your God is giving you. They are to judge the people with righteous judgment. |
| 2 | Matthew 27:12–13 | And when He was accused by the chief priests and elders, He gave no answer. |
| 3 | Luke 23:2 | And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.” |
| 4 | Acts 4:26–27 | The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together against the Lord and against His Anointed One.’ |
| 5 | Psalm 35:15–16 | But when I stumbled, they assembled in glee; they gathered together against me. Assailants I did not know slandered me without ceasing. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָשִׂ֣יחוּ, ya.Si.chugenerated
The verb יָשִׂ֣יחוּ (ya.Si.chu) is a Qal imperfect form meaning 'they speak' or 'they muse.' It conveys the act of discussing or reflecting on a subject, often with a connotation of complaint or mockery.
This word captures the essence of the psalmist's experience, as those who sit at the gate engage in derision against him, highlighting his vulnerability and the scorn he faces from authority figures.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song of drunkards.' The translations agree on the overall meaning of mockery and ridicule.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is יָשִׂ֣יחוּ (they speak), which governs the subject יֹ֣שְׁבֵי ([those who] sit) and the predicate וּ֝נְגִינ֗וֹת (and songs). The structure emphasizes the actions of those in authority and the psalmist's position as the subject of their mockery.
The Hebrew word order places the mocking at the forefront, underscoring the psalmist's experience of derision and his status as an object of scorn.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָשִׂ֣יחוּ as ἐθέμην (I became), which shifts the focus slightly from the act of speaking to the resultant state of being made a subject of ridicule. This choice indicates a deeper interpretation of the psalmist's lament.
This rendering suggests that the psalmist's experience is not just about mockery but also about the transformation of his identity in the eyes of others.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 69:12 describes how the psalmist feels mocked by those in authority at the city gate, and he has become the subject of ridicule among drunkards. This reflects his deep sorrow and isolation, yet he turns to God for help in the following verses.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that those in positions of authority are speaking against him, contributing to his feelings of shame and isolation.
It suggests that the psalmist has become a subject of ridicule and mockery among those who indulge in strong drink, highlighting his vulnerability.
Despite the derision he faces, the psalmist turns to God in prayer, seeking favor and salvation.
We can see the importance of bringing our sorrows and struggles to God, even in the face of ridicule and scorn.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond when I feel mocked or ridiculed by others?
- What does it mean to turn to God in times of distress, as the psalmist does?
- In what ways can I support others who are facing derision or scorn?
- How can I find comfort in God's presence during difficult times?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers, such as Augustine, reference this verse to discuss the public nature of the psalmist's ridicule, emphasizing the scorn faced in the public sphere.
"Against Me were reviling they that were sitting in the gate" [Psalms 69:12]. "In the gate" is nothing else but in public.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 69 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 69:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey that sit in the gate speak against me,.... The princes, magistrates, and judges, who sat in the gates of cities, heard and tried causes, and executed judgment there; the elders of the city; see
Read John Gill on Psalms 69 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryO God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from thee.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 69 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey that sit in the gate; either, 1. Vain and idle persons, that spend their time in the gates and markets, in which there used to be a confluence of people. Or rather, 2. The judges and magistrates, who used to sit (which was their posture, , &c.) in the gates of cities, the usual places of judicature; for David oft complains of his hard usage from these men, as ,2 119:23, and elsewhere; which was the more grievous, because these, who were obliged by their office to protect and right him, did join with others in reproaching and oppressing him. Of the drunkards; of the scum of the people; of all lewd and debauched persons. Thus both-high and low conspired against him.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 69 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 69:12 They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I [was] the song of the drunkards.Ver. 12. They that sit in the gate] Men of authority and dignity, who should have showed more grace and gravity. The saints are sure of enemies of all sorts. David was traduced at public and private meetings, seriis et ludicris, sobriis et ebriis. And I was the song of the drunkards] Heb. of the drinkers of strong drink; the ale stakes made ballads on their ale bench, de macie mea et miseria. These servants tear and toss my name, as curs do carrion.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 69 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) In the gate . . .—The place of public resort where justice was administered. (See Psalms 9:14 Note.) And I was the song.—Literally, and songs of those drinking strong drink, but we must supply the pronoun.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 69 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. They that sit in the gate] At the gates were the courts for public justice; there were complaints lodged, and causes heard. No doubt many vexatious complaints were made against the poor captives; and false accusations, through which they grievously suffered; so that, literally, they were often "obliged to restore that which they had not taken away." See Psalms 69:4. The song of the drunkards.] These poor miserable people were exposed to all sorts of indignities. Though the conduct is base, the exultation over a fallen enemy is frequent. How miserable was this lot! Forsaken by friends, scorned by enemies, insulted by inferiors; the scoff of libertines, and the song of drunkards…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 69 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. They that sit in the gate talk of me, And the songs of them that drink strong drink (make sport of me). In the gate where men gather to hear the last gossip as well as to transact business (Psalms 9:14; Jeremiah 17:19 f.) he is the talk of the city: his austerities and oddities furnish a subject for the latest comic song of the revellers’ parties. Cp. Lamentations 3:14; Job 30:9; Isaiah 5:11-12; Isaiah 5:22; Amos 6:4 ff.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 69 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey that sit in the gate speak against me - The gates of cities were places of concourse; places where business was transacted; places where courts were frequently held. See the notes at Job 29:7.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 69 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song of drunkards.
Those who sit in the gate talk about me. I am the song of the drunkards.
Those who sit at the gate mock me, and I am the song of drunkards.
Those who sit at the city gate gossip about me; drunkards mock me in their songs.
Tyndale line
They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards.
They that sit in the gate talk of me; And I am the song of the drunkards.
They that sit in the gate talk of me; and I am the song of the drunkards.
They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards.
They that sate in the gate, spake of mee, and the drunkards sang of me.
Strictly literal
They that sit in the gate talk of me, and [I am] the song of the drunkards.
Those sitting at the gate meditate concerning me, And those drinking strong drink, Play on instruments.
Those sitting at the gate meditate concerning me, || And those drinking strong drink, || Play on instruments.
(69:13) Those that sit in the gate talk against me; and [about me make] songs the drinkers of strong drink.
Those who sit in the city gate talk about me; I am a song of drunkards.
Simplified
People sitting by the town gate gossip about me. I'm the subject of rude songs sung by drunks.
I am a cause of wonder to those in authority; a song to those who are given to strong drink.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint share a significant degree of correspondence, with four out of seven words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment shows partial agreement with the Masoretic Text, indicating continuity in the tradition.
יָשִׂ֣יחוּ בִ֭י יֹ֣שְׁבֵי שָׁ֑עַר וּ֝נְגִינ֗וֹת שׁוֹתֵ֥י שֵׁכָֽר׃
4 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואתנה לבוש׳י שק ותהי ל׳הם [למשל]
6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 69:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שִׂיחַ (siyach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to muse or complain, encompassing a range of actions such as talking, singing, and meditating. It can imply conversing with oneself or aloud, and includes nuances of pondering and declaring thoughts. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts of communication and reflection.
שִׂיחַ vb. denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of)
Qal
complain
muse
talk (about), sing (of)
talk (with)
Pôl‛el meditate, consider
base
H7878 שִׂיחַ vb. denom. muse, complain, poet. talk of
7878 siyach see'-akh
a primitive root; to ponder, i.e. (by implication) converse
(with oneself, and hence, aloud) or (transitively) utter:--
commune, complain, declare, meditate, muse, pray, speak, talk
(with).
שִׂיחַ (si.ach) — to muse.
1) to put forth, mediate, muse, commune, speak, complain, ponder, sing
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to complain
1a2) to muse, meditate upon, study, ponder
1a3) to talk, sing, speak
1b) (Polel) to meditate, consider, put forth thoughts
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
נִי (ni) — me.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁ֫עַר (sha'ar) means 'gate' and is derived from a root that signifies an opening. It encompasses various types of gates, including those of cities, palaces, and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like 'gate of heaven.' The entries consistently highlight its role as an entrance or threshold.
שַׁ֫עַר 373 n.m. gate
base
H8179 שַׁ֫עַר gate
8179 sha`ar shah'-ar
from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or
gate:--city, door, gate, port (X -er).
see HEBREW for 08176
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate.
: gate
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate: town.
: town
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gat (Hebrew normally (over 300 times) sha`ar; occasionally deleth, properly, "gateway" (but compare De 3:5); elsewhere the gateway is pethach (compare especially Ge 19:6); Aramaic tera`; Greek pulon, pule; the English Revised Version and the King James Version add caph, "threshold," in 1Ch 9:19,22; and the King James Version adds delathayim, "double-door," in Isa 45:1; thura, "door," Ac 3:2):
(1) The usual gateway was provided with double doors, swung on projections that fitted into sockets in the sill and lintel. Ordinarily the material was wood (Ne 2:3,17), but greater…
Gate
(1.) Of cities, as of Jerusalem (Jer. 37:13; Neh. 1:3; 2:3; 3:3), of Sodom (Gen. 19:1), of Gaza (Judg. 16:3).
(2.) Of royal palaces (Neh. 2:8).
(3.) Of the temple of Solomon (1 Kings 6:34, 35; 2 Kings 18:16); of the holy place (1 Kings 6:31, 32; Ezek. 41:23, 24); of the outer courts of the temple, the beautiful gate (Acts 3:2).
The gate and gateways of eastern cities anciently held and still hold an important part, not only in the defence but in the public economy of the place. They are thus sometimes taken as representing the city itself. (Genesis 22:17; 24:60; 12:12; Judges 5:8; Ruth 4:10; Psalms 87:2; 122:2) Among the special purposes for which they were used may be mentioned. As places of public resort. (Genesis 19:1; 23:10; 34:20; 24; 1 Samuel 4:18) etc. Places for public deliberation, administration of Justice, or of audience for kings and rulers or ambassadors. (16:18; 21:19; 25:7;
The gates of eastern walled towns were usually of wood, Jud 16:3, often covered with thick plates of iron or copper, Ps 107:16 Isa 45:2 Ac 12:10, secured by bolts and bars, De 3:5 1Ki 4:13, and flanked by towers, 2Sa 18:24,33. A city was usually regarded as taken when its gates were won, De 28:52 Jud 5:8. Hence "gate" sometimes signifies power, dominion; almost in the same sense as the Turkish sultan’s…
נְגִינָה (ngiynah) refers to music, particularly instrumental music associated with stringed instruments. It can also denote a song or poem set to music, including taunting or mocking songs. The term appears in contexts related to musical performance, as seen in Psalm 61's title.
[נְגִינָה] n.f. music
base
H5058 [נְגִינָה] music
5058 ngiynah neg-ee-naw'
or ngiynath (Psa. 61:title) {neg-ee-nath'}; from 5059;
properly, instrumental music; by implication, a stringed
instrument; by extension, a poem set to music; specifically,
an epigram:--stringed instrument, musick, Neginoth (plural),
song.
see HEBREW for 05059
נְגִינָה (ne.gi.nah) — music.
1) music, song, taunt song
1a) music (of stringed instrument)
1b) song
1b1) taunting or mocking song
HC/Ncfpc — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural constructHC/Ncfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁתָה (shathah) means 'to drink' and can refer to both literal drinking and figurative uses, such as feasting or experiencing God's wrath. It is a primitive root that appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating actions like drinking and being drunk. The lexicons note its connection to the Aramaic equivalent שְׁתָה (she.tah), but do not present significant disagreements.
שָׁתָה 217 vb. drink
Qal 216
Niph. all which is (may be) drunk
base
H8354 שָׁתָה drink
8354 shathah shaw-thaw'
a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--X
assuredly, banquet, X certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk
(X -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of 8248.)
see HEBREW for 08248
שָׁתָה (sha.tah) — to drink.
1) to drink
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to drink
1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig)
1a2) to feast
1b) (Niphal) to be drunk
Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֵׁכָר (shekar) refers to an intoxicating or strong drink, often associated with alcoholic beverages. It is derived from a root meaning to be drunk and encompasses intensely alcoholic liquor. The term appears in contexts discussing strong drink and drunkenness.
שֵׁכָר n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink
base
H7941 שֵׁכָר intoxicating dring, strong drink
7941 shekar shay-kawr'
from 7937; an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic
liquor:--strong drink, + drunkard, strong wine.
see HEBREW for 07937
שֵׁכָר (she.khar) — strong drink.
strong drink, intoxicating drink, fermented or intoxicating liquor
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
See WINE.