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Psalms 107:16 — Word Study

Depth

WLCכִּֽי־ שִׁ֭בַּר דַּלְת֣וֹת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וּבְרִיחֵ֖י בַרְזֶ֣ל גִּדֵּֽעַ׃

BSAForkîy [because of this reason] He has broken downshâbar [shattered, torn apart] the gatesdeleth [doors, entrances] of bronzenᵉchôsheth [copper, a base metal] and cut throughgâdaʻ [severed, sliced] the barsbᵉrîyach [bolts, iron rods] of ironbarzel [a strong, harsh metal]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 107
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 16 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (gi.De.a') — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 107:16quick helps
In a sentenceGod has shattered the gates of bronze and sliced through the bars of iron.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on God's power.
Where we areThis verse is part of a psalm that praises God for His deliverance.
The hard wordשִׁ֭בַּר
Take awayGod's power breaks through barriers.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׁבַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 107:16

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Deliverancegenerated

15Let them give thanks to the LORD for His loving devotion and His wonders to the sons of men.
16For He has broken down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.
17Fools, in their rebellious ways, and through their iniquities, suffered affliction.
18They loathed all food and drew near to the gates of death.

Psalms 107:16 is a declaration of God's mighty acts, highlighting how He has intervened to free His people from oppression. The psalmist encourages gratitude for God's steadfast love and the wonders He performs for humanity, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Judges 16:3But Samson lay there only until midnight, when he got up, took hold of the doors of the city gate and both gateposts, and pulled them out, bar and all. Then he put them on his shoulders and took them to the top of the mountain overlooking Hebron.
2Isaiah 45:1–2This is what the LORD says to Cyrus His anointed, whose right hand I have grasped to subdue nations before him, to disarm kings, to open the doors before him, so that the gates will not be shut:
3Micah 2:13One who breaks open the way will go up before them; they will break through the gate, and go out by it. Their King will pass through before them, the LORD as their leader.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.Judges 16:3 Isaiah 45:1–2 Micah 2:13

The Key Word שִׁ֭בַּר, Shi.bargenerated

The verb שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, indicating a powerful act of destruction. It is in the Piel stem, which emphasizes the intensity of the action, suggesting that God actively shatters barriers that confine or oppress.

This word appears throughout the Bible in contexts of violence or dramatic change, reflecting God's ability to intervene decisively in human affairs.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains two main actions, both governed by finite verbs: שִׁ֭בַּר (he breaks down) and גִּדֵּֽעַ (he cuts down). The structure highlights God's decisive actions against barriers, with the objects following each verb indicating what is being affected.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on God's actions, presenting them as the focal point of the verse.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שִׁ֭בַּר as συνέτριψεν (suneripsen), meaning 'He shattered.' This choice conveys a sense of thorough destruction, aligning with the Hebrew meaning.

For גִּדֵּֽעַ, the Septuagint uses συνέκλασεν (suneklasen), which also emphasizes the act of cutting or breaking, reinforcing the theme of divine intervention.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 107:16 tells us that God has broken down strong barriers, represented by the gates of bronze and bars of iron, signifying His power to deliver His people from oppression. This verse is a part of a larger psalm that praises God's loving acts and His wonders.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What do the gates of bronze and bars of iron symbolize?

They represent strong barriers or oppression that God has the power to break down.

Why is it significant that God breaks down these gates?

It emphasizes God's ability to deliver His people from captivity and oppression.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Psalm 107?

It highlights God's faithfulness and power in rescuing those who cry out to Him in distress.

What can we learn from God's actions in this verse?

We learn that God is capable of overcoming any obstacles in our lives and that we can trust Him for deliverance.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What barriers in my life do I need God to break down?
  2. How can I express gratitude for the ways God has delivered me?
  3. In what ways can I share the message of God's power with others?
  4. How does understanding God's might in this verse affect my faith?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Theodoret of Cyrus references this verse to illustrate the nature of Christ's suffering, arguing that it reflects God's power in weakness.

Theodoret of CyrusLETTER 151 c. 393–460
Let the word weakness teach us that Jesus was not nailed to the tree as the Almighty, the uncircumscribed, the immutable and invariable, but that the nature enlivened by the power of God, according to the apostle’s teaching,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 107 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 107:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

For he hath broken the gates of brass,.... The prison doors made of brass, as sometimes of iron, for the security of the prisoners; see Acts 12:10. And cut the bars of iron in sunder; with which they were barred and secured.

Read John Gill on Psalms 107 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder. For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 107 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

He restored them to liberty in spite of all impediments and oppositions.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 107 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 107:16 For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.Ver. 16. For he hath broken the gates of brass] If Samson could do so, how much more the Almighty, whom nothing can withstand! Nature may be stopped in her course, as when the fire burned not. Men may not be able to do as they would. Angels, good or bad, may be hindered, because in them there is an essence and an executive power, between which God can step at his pleasure, and interpose his veto; but who or what shall hinder the Most High?

Read John Trapp on Psalms 107 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(16) Isaiah 45:2 was present to the poet’s mind. Virgil’s picture of the shrine of war (Æn. vii. 607) has been compared to this.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 107 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 16. For he hath broken] This is the reason given for thanks to God for his deliverance of the captives. It was not a simple deliverance; it was done so as to manifest the irresistible power of God. He tore the prison in pieces, and cut the bars of iron asunder.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 107 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

16. The prophecy of Isa 45:2 has been fulfilled. The land of exile was represented as a vast and strong fortress-prison.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 107 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

For he hath broken the gates of brass - The immediate “reason” here given for praising the Lord is that he had “broken the gates of brass,” continuing the thought from Psalms 107:10-14.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 107 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

For He has broken down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

For he has broken the gates of bronze, and cut through bars of iron.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

For He has broken down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.

NETBNew English Translation2006

For he shattered the bronze gates, and hacked through the iron bars.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

For he hath broken the gates of brass, And cut the bars of iron in sunder.

RVARevised Version, American1894

For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron asunder.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

For hee hath broken the gates of brasse, and brast the barres of yron asunder.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

For he hath broken the gates of bronze, and cut asunder the bars of iron.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

For He hath broken doors of brass, And bars of iron He hath cut.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

For He has broken doors of bronze, || And He has cut bars of iron.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

For he hath broken the doors of copper, and the bolts of iron hath he hewn asunder.—

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

For he breaks down the bronze doors, and cuts through the iron bars.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The doors of brass are broken by his arm, and the bands of iron are cut in two.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

כִּֽי(dm)clauseverbשִׁ֭בַּרhe.breaks.downnoun phrase · objectדַּלְת֣וֹתgatesנְחֹ֑שֶׁתof.bronzeוּandclausenoun phrase · objectבְרִיחֵ֖יbarsבַרְזֶ֣לof.ironverbגִּדֵּֽעַhe.cuts.down

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all seven words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align with the Masoretic Text in meaning, confirming the integrity of this verse across different witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

כִּֽי־ שִׁ֭בַּר דַּלְת֣וֹת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וּבְרִיחֵ֖י בַרְזֶ֣ל גִּדֵּֽעַ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
כִּֽי־ὅτιשִׁ֭בַּרσυνέτριψενדַּלְת֣וֹתπύλαςנְחֹ֑שֶׁתξαλκᾶςוּבְרִיחֵ֖יμοξλοὺςבַרְזֶ֣לσιδηροῦςגִּדֵּֽעַ׃συνέκλασεν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q88a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

כי שבר [דלתות] נחשה [ובריחי] [ברזל] גדע

1 word on the leather — 3 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 107:16כִּיforforכִּישָׁבַרhe breaks dhe breaks downשָׁבַרדָּלgates ofgates ofדָּלנְחֹ֫שֶׁתbronzebronzeנְחֹ֫שֶׁתבְּרִיחַand bars ofand bars ofבְּרִיחַבַּרְזֶלironironבַּרְזֶלגָּדַעhe cuts dowhe cuts downגָּדַעדָּלָהto draw (uto draw (up/outדָּלָהנְחוּשָׁהbronzebronzeנְחוּשָׁהבָּרַחto fleeto fleeבָּרַחשָׂבַרto inspectto inspectשָׂבַרברזותBirzaithBirzaithברזותיָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעמַצֵּבָהpillarpillarמַצֵּבָהגָּדַעto cut dowto cut down/offגָּדַעבְּרִיחַbarbarבְּרִיחַסָגַרto shutto shutסָגַרבַּרְזֶלironironבַּרְזֶלאֶ֫דֶןsocketsocketאֶ֫דֶןמַנְעוּלboltboltמַנְעוּלקֶ֫רֶשׁboardboardקֶ֫רֶשׁנְחֹ֫שֶׁתbronzebronzeנְחֹ֫שֶׁתחַמָּןpillarpillarחַמָּןפָּסִילidolidolפָּסִיל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 107:16

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
כִּֽי־ki.Shi- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Amplified meaning
because of this reason
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
שִׁ֭בַּרShi.bar he breaks down H7665 Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
147× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to break or shatter something, either physically or emotionally. It can also mean to burst or rupture, and is often used to describe intense violence or destruction. In the Bible, it's translated as break or crush.
Amplified meaning
shattered, torn apart
Tyndale gloss
to break
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, with various nuances including breaking in pieces, causing to break out (like bringing to birth), and being broken or crushed. It appears in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating active and passive meanings. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreements.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁבַר 148 vb. break, break in pieces

Qal 53 break, lit.

Niph. 57 be broken

Pi. 26 shatter, break

Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth

Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7665 שָׁבַר break, break in pieces .break, lit.

. be broken

. shatter, break

. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth

. be broken, shattered (in heart)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7665 shabar shaw-bar'

a primitive root; to burst (literally or

figuratively):--break (down, off, in pieces, up),

broken((-hearted)), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt,

quench, X quite, tear, view (by mistake for 7663).

see HEBREW for 07663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁבַר (sha.var) — to break.

1) to break, break in pieces

1a) (Qal)

1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench

1a2) to break, rupture (fig)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked

1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig)

1c) (Piel) to shatter, break

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth

1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered

Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
HVpp3ms
for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
דַּלְת֣וֹתdal.Tot gates of H1817 Noun common · feminine plural construct
88× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A door is something that swings, like the valve of a door or gate. In the Bible, doors can represent entrance or access, as seen in Psalm 141:3 where David asks God to set a door on his lips.
Amplified meaning
doors, entrances
Tyndale gloss
door
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּל (dal), דָּלָה (da.lah), and דֶּ֫לֶת (de.let) all refer to a 'door' or 'gate' in Hebrew. The entries indicate various uses, including literal doors and figurative meanings, such as a door of a chamber or even metaphorical doors in poetry. Notably, dal is mentioned in Psalm 141:3.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[דָּל] n.[m.] door only fig.: ψ 141:3.

ref

[דָּלָה] n.f. door, Is 26:20 fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hides

ref

דֶּ֫לֶת n.f. door

door of house

door of room

gates of city

in other senses

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1817a דָּל door H1817b דָּלָה door H1817c דֶּ֫לֶת door

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1817 deleth deh'-leth

from 1802; something swinging, i.e. the valve of a

door:--door (two-leaved), gate, leaf, lid. (In Psa. 141:3,

dal, irreg.).

see HEBREW for 01802

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּל (dal) — door.

door (fig.)

דָּלָה (da.lah) — door.

door (fig., door of chamber in which people (personified) hide)

דֶּ֫לֶת (de.let) — door.

1) door, gate

1a) a door

1b) a gate

1c) (fig.)

1c1) of chest lid

1c2) of crocodile jaws

1c3) of doors of the heavens

1c4) of an easily-accessible woman

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
נְחֹ֑שֶׁתne.Cho.shet bronze H5178 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to copper or something made of it, like a coin or chain. It can also symbolize something base or impure, as in lust or filthiness. It appears in various KJV translations, including brasen and brass.
Amplified meaning
copper, a base metal
Tyndale gloss
bronze
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze

copper

fetters of copper or bronze

as less in value than gold but more than wood

fig. of pitiless sky

base

[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper

. fetters of copper or bronze

. as less in value than gold but more than wood

. fig. of pitiless sky

H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth

for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.

coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or

silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),

filthiness, steel.

see HEBREW for 05154

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.

1) copper, bronze

1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)

1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)

1c) copper (as value)

נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.

lust, harlotry

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
וּבְרִיחֵ֖יu.ve.ri.Chei and bars of H1280 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct
40× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A bar or bolt, often made of wood, used to secure city gates or as a symbol of tribulation. It represents a fortress or a prison.
Amplified meaning
bolts, iron rods
Tyndale gloss
bar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בְּרִיחַ (briyach) refers to a bar, particularly one made of wood, often associated with city gates. It can also metaphorically denote tribulation or a fortress, suggesting confinement or protection. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to bolt' or 'secure'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בְּרִיחַ n.m. bar

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1280 בְּרִיחַ bar

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1280 briyach ber-ee'-akh

from 1272; a bolt:--bar, fugitive.

see HEBREW for 01272

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בְּרִיחַ (be.ri.ach) — bar.

1) bar

1a) of wood

1b) of city gates

2) of tribulation, a fortress, of the earth as a prison (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct
HC/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
בַרְזֶ֣לvar.Zel iron H1270 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
76× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Iron refers to a strong metal used for tools and furniture, symbolizing strength or harshness, as seen in the Bible's descriptions of iron implements.
Amplified meaning
a strong, harsh metal
Tyndale gloss
iron
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּרְזֶל (barzel) means 'iron' and can refer to iron ore or iron implements like tools and utensils. It also carries figurative meanings related to harshness, strength, or oppression. The word may be derived from a root associated with cutting. There is an Aramaic equivalent, פַּרְזֶל (parzel), also meaning 'iron'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּרְזֶל n.m. iron

iron, lit.

tool of iron

iron in fig. of unwatered earth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1270 בַּרְזֶל iron

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1270 barzel bar-zel'

perhaps from the root of 1269; iron (as cutting); by

extension, an iron implement:--(ax) head, iron.

see HEBREW for 01269

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּרְזֶל (bar.zel) — iron.

1) iron

1a) iron

1a1) iron ore

1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements

2) tool of iron

3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.)

Aramaic equivalent: par.zel (פַּרְזֶל "iron" H6523)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Iron

Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…

is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…

Nave's Topical Bible

1. First recorded use of Ge 4:22

Ore of De 8:9; Job 28:2

Melted Eze 22:20

Used in the temple 1Ch 22:3; 29:2,7

Articles made of

Ax 2Ki 6:6; 2Ch 18:10; Ec 10:10; Isa 10:34

Bedstead De 3:11

Breastplate Re 9:9

for he breaks down gates of bronze and bars of iron he cuts down
גִּדֵּֽעַ׃gi.De.a' he cuts down H1438 Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to cut down or destroy something, like a tree. It is used in various forms throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
severed, sliced
Tyndale gloss
to cut down/off
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּדַע (gada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut down or hew off. It encompasses various forms of cutting, including chopping and felling trees, and can imply destruction. The word appears in different grammatical forms, such as Qal (to hew), Niphal (to be hewn off), and Piel (to cut off).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּדַע vb. hew, hew down or off

Qal hew, cut in two

Niph. be hewn off

Pi. hew off, down, in two

Pu. hew down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1438 גָּדַע hew, hew down or off

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1438 gada` gaw-dah'

a primitive root; to fell a tree; generally, to destroy

anything:--cut (asunder, in sunder, down, off), hew down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּדַע (ga.da) — to cut down/off.

1) to cut, hew, chop, cut down, hew down, hew off, cut off, cut in two, shave off

1a) (Qal) to hew, chop in two

1b) (Niphal) to be chopped off, be hewn off

1c) (Piel) to cut off or down in two, hew off or down in two

1d) (Pual) to chop down, hew down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
HVpp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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