Psalms 66:7 — Word Study
WLCמֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל בִּגְבוּרָת֨וֹ׀ עוֹלָ֗ם עֵ֭ינָיו בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם תִּצְפֶּ֑ינָה הַסּוֹרְרִ֓ים׀ אַל־ יָר֖וּמוּ לָ֣מוֹ סֶֽלָה׃
BSAHe rulesmâshal [by His mighty power, forever reigning] foreverʻôwlâm by His powergᵉbûwrâh [might, strength] His eyesʻayin watchtsâphâh▸ [observing] the nationsgôwy [Gentiles, non-Hebrew peoples] Do not letʼal [let it not be] the rebelliousçârar [those who turn away, stubborn ones] exaltrûwm▸ [lift themselves up, pride themselves] Selahçelâh
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל | [he is] ruling | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| בִּגְבוּרָת֨וֹ׀ | by might his | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| עוֹלָ֗ם | forever | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עֵ֭ינָיו | eyes his | Noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
| בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם | on the nations | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| תִּצְפֶּ֑ינָה | they keep watch | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| הַסּוֹרְרִ֓ים׀ | the rebellious [people] | Particle, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural |
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| יָר֖וּמוּ | they be exalted | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| לָ֣מוֹ | themselves | Preposition, suffix |
| סֶֽלָה׃ | Selah | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He rules forever by His power; His eyes watch the nations. Do not let the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah |
| KJV | He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah. |
| ASV | He ruleth by his might for ever; His eyes observe the nations: Let not the rebellious exalt themselves. [Selah |
| YLT | Ruling by His might to the age, His eyes among the nations do watch, The refractory exalt not themselves. Selah. |
| WEB | He rules by his might forever. His eyes watch the nations. Don’t let the rebellious rise up against him. Selah. |
| BBE | He is ruling in power for ever; his eyes are watching the nations: may his haters have no strength against him. (Selah.) |
The translations agree on the term for God's rule, using מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל consistently.
The structure features a main clause followed by several subordinate phrases, emphasizing God's rule and vigilance.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָשַׁל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 66:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Psalm of Praise for God's Sovereigntygenerated
Psalm 66:7 celebrates God's eternal rule and His watchfulness over the nations. The psalmist acknowledges God's might and warns against the pride of those who rebel against Him. This theme of divine sovereignty is echoed throughout the Psalms, emphasizing God's control over all creation and His ability to see and judge the actions of humanity.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 62:11 | God has spoken once; I have heard this twice: that power belongs to God, |
| 2 | Daniel 4:35 | All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing, and He does as He pleases with the army of heaven and the peoples of the earth. There is no one who can restrain His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’” |
| 3 | Daniel 6:26–27 | I hereby decree that in every part of my kingdom, men are to tremble in fear before the God of Daniel: For He is the living God, and He endures forever; His kingdom will never be destroyed, and His dominion will never end. |
| 4 | Matthew 6:13 | And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. ’ |
| 5 | Matthew 28:18 | Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל, mo.Shelgenerated
The word מָשַׁל (mashal) is a participle meaning '[he is] ruling'. It indicates an ongoing action of ruling, with a focus on God's authority. This word is used frequently in the Old Testament, highlighting God's dominion over the earth and His governance of all things.
The Qal form of the verb shows a direct and active ruling, emphasizing God's sovereignty. In this verse, it captures the essence of God's eternal reign, reinforcing that His rule is not temporary but everlasting.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the word rules.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל governs the sentence, indicating God's ruling action. The structure includes several phrases: a prepositional phrase describing how He rules, a noun phrase indicating the subjects of His watchfulness, and a clause warning against the rebellious.
The order of the Hebrew words emphasizes God's eternal rule first, followed by His watchful gaze upon the nations, and concludes with a warning, highlighting the seriousness of the rebellious actions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל with the Greek word αὐτοῦ, indicating His rule. This choice reflects a direct connection to God's authority, emphasizing His active governance.
The translation maintains the focus on God's sovereignty, aligning with the Hebrew text's intention to portray His eternal reign.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 66:7 tells us that God rules forever by His power and watches over the nations. He warns that the rebellious should not lift themselves up in pride. This psalm emphasizes God's eternal authority and vigilance.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God's authority and power are eternal, and He governs all creation without end.
The rebellious refer to those who turn away from God and act stubbornly against His will.
God's watchfulness signifies His concern for all people and His ability to judge their actions, ensuring that nothing escapes His notice.
Selah is a musical term suggesting a pause for reflection, inviting the reader or listener to contemplate the significance of what has been said.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding God's eternal rule change the way I view current events in the world?
- In what ways can I guard against pride and rebellion in my own life?
- What does it mean for me to recognize God's watchfulness over my actions?
- How can I encourage others to acknowledge God's authority in their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo comments on this verse, reflecting on God's eternal reign and virtue as expressed in the psalm.
In whom? "In Him that reigns in His virtue for everlasting" [Psalms 66:7].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 66 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 66:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe ruleth by his power forever,.... Christ is the Ruler in Israel, King over his holy hill of Zion; who must reign till all enemies are put under his feet.
Read John Gill on Psalms 66 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 66 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe same power which God had and put forth for his people in ancient time, he still hath in as great vigour as ever, and is not at all weakened by age, and is as able and ready to act for them now as ever he was; which he hath showed by this late and glorious instance. His eyes behold the nations; he sees all their secret and subtle devices, and can and will defeat them, when he sees fit. Let not the rebellious exalt themselves; lift up their hands against God, or against his people. Or, the rebellious (i.e. those people which rebel against this almighty God and his laws) shall not exalt themselves, as they vainly hope and design to do; but shall be brought down and destroyed, as is hereby…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 66 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 66:7 He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah.Ver. 7. He ruleth by his power] As sole sovereign, universal monarch, αυτοκρατωρ, παντοκρατωρ. Sesostris, king of Egypt, would needs be styled κοσμοκρατωρ, emperor of the whole world (Herod. l. 2); he lived about the time of Samson, and perished by the hands of his own householdservants. His eyes behold the nations] For which purpose they run to and fro through the earth, 2 Chronicles 16:9. Let not the rebellious, &c.] Heb. the off fallen, froward, and refractory persons; these shall soon be repressed and crest fallen.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 66 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) His eyes behold.—Better, his eyes keep watch on the nations. God is, as it were, Israel’s outpost, ever on the alert to warn and defend them against surrounding nations. Let not . . .—Literally, the rebellious, let them not exalt for themselves, where we may supply “horn” as in Psalms 75:4-5, or “head” as in Psalms 3:3; Psalms 110:7. For the rebellious, comp. Psalms 68:6.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 66 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. He ruleth by his power] His omnipotence is employed to support his followers, and cast down his enemies. His eyes behold the nations] He sees what they purpose, what they intend to do; and what they will do, if he restrain them not. Let not the rebellious exalt themselves.] They shall not succeed in their designs: they have their own aggrandizement in view, but thou wilt disappoint and cast them down. Selah.] Mark this. It is true.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 66 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. by his power] By his might (R.V.), as Psalms 65:6. for ever] What is true for the past is true for the present and the future. God’s sovereignty is eternal. Cp. Psalms 145:13; Jeremiah 10:10. his eyes behold the nations] Better, as R.V. renders the word in Proverbs 15:3, keep watch upon. He is the world’s watchman, sleeplessly on the watch lest any foe should injure Israel. Cp. Psalms 33:10; Psalms 33:13 ff; Isaiah 27:3; and Hezekiah’s prayer (Isaiah 37:17), “open thine eyes, O Lord, and see.” let not the rebellious exalt themselves] A warning to those who obstinately resist God’s will (Psalms 68:6; Psalms 68:18) to humble themselves (Psalms 2:10 f), rather than a prayer to God to humble…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 66 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe ruleth by his power for ever - literally, “Ruling by his power forever.” The idea is, that he does this constantly; in each age and generation. He never has ceased to rule; he never will.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 66 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He rules forever by His power; His eyes watch the nations. Do not let the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah
He rules by his might forever. His eyes watch the nations. Don’t let the rebellious rise up against him. Selah.
He rules forever by His power; His eyes watch the nations. Do not let the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah
He rules by his power forever; he watches the nations. Stubborn rebels should not exalt themselves. (Selah)
Tyndale line
He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah.
He ruleth by his might for ever; His eyes observe the nations: Let not the rebellious exalt themselves. [Selah
He ruleth by his might for ever; his eyes observe the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah
He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah.
He ruleth the worlde with his power: his eyes beholde the nations: the rebellious shall not exalt them selues. Selah.
Strictly literal
He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes observe the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah.
Ruling by His might to the age, His eyes among the nations do watch, The refractory exalt not themselves. Selah.
Ruling by His might for all time, || His eyes watch among the nations, || The stubborn do not exalt themselves. Selah.
He ruleth by his might for ever; his eyes look upon the nations: the rebellious—these shall not be exalted. Selah.
He rules forever by his might; his eyes observe the nations; let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah
From the Latin
The earth hath yielded her fruit. May God, our God bless us,
Simplified
He rules forever through his power. He keeps an eye on the nations, watching to make sure no rebels rise up in opposition. Selah.
He is ruling in power for ever; his eyes are watching the nations: may his haters have no strength against him. (Selah.)
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 9 of the 11 words matched. The Septuagint reflects the same themes of God's rule and watchfulness, though its word order differs from the Hebrew.
מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל בִּגְבוּרָת֨וֹ׀ עוֹלָ֗ם עֵ֭ינָיו בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם תִּצְפֶּ֑ינָה הַסּוֹרְרִ֓ים׀ אַל־ יָר֖וּמוּ לָ֣מוֹ סֶֽלָה׃
9 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 66:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מָשַׁל (mashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rule or have dominion. It can refer to human authority, the dominion of heavenly bodies, or God's sovereignty. The word has a Qal form indicating direct rule and a Hiphil form that implies causing someone to rule or exercising dominion.
מָשַׁל vb. rule, have dominion, reign
Qal
human subj., rule, have dominion over
of heavenly bodies
of God
Hiph. cause to rule; exercise dominion
base
H4910 מָשַׁל rule, have dominion, reign .. human subj., rule, have dominion over
. of heavenly bodies
. of God
. cause to rule; exercise dominion
4910 mashal maw-shal'
a primitive root; to rule:--(have, make to have) dominion,
governor, X indeed, reign, (bear, cause to, have)
rule(-ing, -r), have power.
מָשַׁל (ma.shal) — to rule.
1) to rule, have dominion, reign
1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to rule
1b2) to exercise dominion
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
גְּבוּרָה (gbuwrah) refers to strength or might, encompassing concepts of valor and bravery. It is derived from a root related to force and power, often used in a figurative sense. The term can denote not only human strength but also the might of God, highlighting its significance in both personal and divine contexts.
גְּבוּרָה 61 n.f. strength, might
strength
might, valour
might of God
base
H1369 גְּבוּרָה strength, might
1369 gbuwrah gheb-oo-raw'
feminine passive participle from the same as 1368; force
(literally or figuratively); by implication, valor, victory:--
force, mastery, might, mighty (act, power), power, strength.
see HEBREW for 01368
גְּבוּרָה (ge.vu.rah) — might.
1) strength, might
1a) strength
1b) might, valour, bravery
1c) might, mighty deeds (of God)
Aramaic equivalent: ge.vu.rah (גְּבוּרָה "might" H1370)
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms
עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.
עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity
base
H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity
5769 `owlam o-lawm'
or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the
vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),
i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),
ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,
(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)
old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world
(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.
see HEBREW for 05956
see HEBREW for 05331
see HEBREW for 05703
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.
: enduring/eternal
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.
This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.
: any_time
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.
: old/ancient
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
N-cd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHNcfdc/Sp3ms
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
na'-shunz.
See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.
צָפָה (tsaphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look out, spy, or keep watch. It is built from a primitive root implying leaning forward to observe or await. The word covers a range of meanings including to behold, espy, and watch closely. In the Old Testament, it can also refer to a watchman.
[צָפָה] 37 vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch
Qal 28 keep watch; elsewh. as subst. watchman
Pi. watch (closely); pt. as n. = watchman
base
H6822 צָפָה look out or about, spy, keep watch
6822 tsaphah tsaw-faw'
a primitive root; properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer
into the distance; by implication, to observe, await:--
behold, espy, look up (well), wait for, (keep the)
watch(-man).
צָפָה (tsa.phah) — to watch.
1) to look out or about, spy, keep watch, observe, watch
1a)(Qal) to keep watch, spy
1b) (Piel) to watch, watch closely
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
woch ('ashmurah, 'ashmoreth; phulake): A division of the night. The night was originally divided into three watches (Jud 7:19), but later into four, as we find in the New Testament (Mt 14:25; Mr 6:48). We do not know the limits of the watches in the first division, but the middle watch probably began two hours before midnight and ended two hours after. The fourfold division was according to the Roman system, each of which was a fourth part of the night.
See TIME.
"Watch" is also the guard placed on watch (mishmar, Ne 4:9; koustodia, from Latin custodia, Mt 27:65,66; 28:11). It sometimes refers to the act of watching, as in…
A division of the night. See HOURS.
→ (A division of time)
See NIGHT TIME
סָרַר (sa.rar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be stubborn or rebellious. It describes a moral turning away or refusal to obey, encompassing notions of backsliding and being refractory. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts of rebellion and stubbornness, but do not provide specific verse references.
סָרַר vb. be stubborn, rebellious
base
H5637 סָרַר be stubborn, rebellious
5637 carar saw-rar'
a primitive root; to turn away, i.e. (morally) be
refractory:--X away, backsliding, rebellious, revolter(-ing),
slide back, stubborn, withdrew.
סָרַר (sa.rar) — to rebel.
1) to rebel, be stubborn, be rebellious, be refractory
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be stubborn
1a2) stubborn, rebel (subst)
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine pluralHTd/Vqrmpa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Part — ParticleHTn
רוּם (ruwm) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be high or exalted, covering a range of actions such as rising, lifting, and promoting. It can refer to physical elevation, like raising an ark or setting up a throne, as well as figurative exaltation, particularly in relation to God. The word also has a related form, רָמַם (ramam), which means to be wormy.
רוּם vb. be high, exalted, rise
Qal
be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
esp. of י׳
be raised, uplifted
be lifted, rise, of ark
Pō‛lēl
raise, rear, children
cause tree to grow
lift up
exalt, extol, acc. י׳
Pō‛lal be lift up
Hiph.
raise, rear, c. acc., hand
raise poor
lift up voice
(take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
set up, erect, stone
set on high, throne
lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
lift up and take away, remove
lift off and present, contribute, offer
Hoph. be taken off from; be abolished
Hithpō‛l. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
base
[רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;—Ex 16:20
ref
H7311a רוּם be high, exalted, rise .. . be high, lit. rock (in fig.)
. esp. of י׳
. be raised, uplifted
. be lifted, rise, of ark
.. . raise, rear, children
. cause tree to grow
. lift up
. exalt, extol, acc. י׳
.be lift up
. . . . raise, rear, c. acc., hand
. raise poor
. lift up voice
. (take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone
. set up, erect, stone
. set on high, throne
. lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.
. lift up and take away, remove
. lift off and present, contribute, offer
. be taken off from; be abolished
. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself
H7311b רָמַם vb. denom. be wormy
7311 ruwm room
a primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise (in
various applications, literally or figuratively):--bring up,
exalt (self), extol, give, go up, haughty, heave (up), (be,
lift up on, make on, set up on, too) high(-er, one), hold up,
levy, lift(-er) up, (be) lofty, (X a-)loud, mount up, offer
(up), + presumptuously, (be) promote(-ion), proud, set up,
tall(-er), take (away, off, up), breed worms.
רוּם (rum) — to exalt.
1) to rise, rise up, be high, be lofty, be exalted
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be high, be set on high
1a2) to be raised, be uplifted, be exalted
1a3) to be lifted, rise
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to raise or rear (children), cause to grow up
1b2) to lift up, raise, exalt
1b3) to exalt, extol
1c) (Polal) to be lifted up
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to raise, lift, lift up, take up, set up, erect, exalt, set on high
1d2) to lift up (and take away), remove
1d3) to lift off and present, contribute, offer, contribute
1e) (Hophal) to be taken off, be abolished
1f) (Hithpolel) to exalt oneself, magnify oneself
Aramaic equivalent: rum (רוּם "to rise" H7313)
רָמַם (ra.mam) — be rotten.
(Qal) to be rotten, be wormy
V-Hiphil-Juss-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
סֶ֫לָה (selah) means to lift up or exalt. It is primarily recognized as a musical term indicating a pause or interruption, often found in the Psalms. The word is derived from a root meaning 'suspension' and appears frequently in the context of music, suggesting accentuation.
סֶ֫לָה vb. lift up, or exalt;—this interpr. agrees with usage: 71 t. in 39 ψψ, 3 t. Hb 3
base
H5542 סֶ֫לָה lift up, or exalt
5542 celah seh'-law
from 5541; suspension (of music), i.e. pause:--Selah.
see HEBREW for 05541
סֶ֫לָה (se.lah) — Selah.
§ 1) to lift up, exalt
1a) Selah
1a1) a technical musical term probably showing accentuation, pause, interruption
Part — ParticleHTj
se'-la.
See MUSIC, II, 1.
Selah
A word frequently found in the Book of Psalms, and also in Hab. 3:9, 13, about seventy-four times in all in Scripture. Its meaning is doubtful. Some interpret it as meaning “silence” or “pause;” others, “end,” “a louder strain,” “piano,” etc. The LXX. render the word by daplasma i.e., “a division.”
This word, which is found only in the poetical books of the Old Testament, occurs seventy-one times in the Psalms and three times in Habakkuk. It is probably a term which had a meaning in the musical nomenclature of the Hebrews, though what that meaning may have been is now a matter of pure conjecture. (Gesenius and Ewald and others think it has much the same meaning as our interlude,--a pause in the voices singing, while the instruments perform alone.)
A musical term which occurs seventy-three times in the Psalms, and is found also in Hab 3:3,9,13. It usually occurs at the end of a period or apostrophe, but sometimes at the end only of a clause. This difficult word, it is now generally believed, was a direction for a meditative pause in the singing of a psalm, during which perhaps there was an instrumental interlude.