Psalms 22:14 — Word Study
WLCכַּמַּ֥יִם נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי֮ וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ כָּֽל־ עַצְמ֫וֹתָ֥י הָיָ֣ה לִ֭בִּי כַּדּוֹנָ֑ג נָ֝מֵ֗ס בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃
BSAto openpâtsâh uponʻal lippeh lionʼărîy to tearṭâraph to roarshâʼag
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כַּמַּ֥יִם | like water | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי֮ | I have been poured out | Verb, Niphal, perfect first person common singular |
| וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ | and they have become dislocated | Conjunction, verb hithpael perfect third person common plural |
| כָּֽל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עַצְמ֫וֹתָ֥י | bones my | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| הָיָ֣ה | it has become | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| לִ֭בִּי | heart my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| כַּדּוֹנָ֑ג | like wax | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| נָ֝מֵ֗ס | it has melted | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| בְּת֣וֹךְ | in [the] midst of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מֵעָֽי׃ | inward parts my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me. |
| KJV | I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. |
| ASV | I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; It is melted within me. |
| YLT | As waters I have been poured out, And separated themselves have all my bones, My heart hath been like wax, It is melted in the midst of my bowels. |
| WEB | I am poured out like water. All my bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax. It is melted within me. |
| BBE | I am flowing away like water, and all my bones are out of place: my heart is like wax, it has become soft in my body. |
Where they part company is נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate phrases, emphasizing the progression of the speaker's emotional and physical state.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 22:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament of Sufferinggenerated
Psalm 22:14 captures a moment of deep emotional and physical distress, where the speaker feels utterly depleted and vulnerable. This lamentation reflects the intensity of their suffering, as they describe their state in vivid metaphors, comparing themselves to water that is poured out and bones that are dislocated. The surrounding verses further illustrate the psalmist's plight, emphasizing the feeling of abandonment and despair in the face of overwhelming adversity.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 7:5 | And the men of Ai struck down about thirty-six of them, chasing them from the gate as far as the quarries and striking them down on the slopes. So the hearts of the people melted and became like water. |
| 2 | Matthew 26:38 | Then He said to them, “My soul is consumed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with Me.” |
| 3 | Luke 22:44 | And in His anguish, He prayed more earnestly, and His sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground. |
| 4 | John 12:27 | Now My soul is troubled, and what shall I say? ‘Father, save Me from this hour’? No, it is for this purpose that I have come to this hour. |
| 5 | Psalm 22:17 | I can count all my bones; they stare and gloat over me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי, nish.pakh.Tigenerated
The verb נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי (nish.pakh.Ti) comes from the root שָׁפַךְ (shaphak), meaning 'to pour out' or 'to spill.' This form is a perfect tense in the Niphal stem, indicating a completed action performed on the subject, suggesting that the speaker has been completely emptied or exhausted.
The use of this verb in the context of the verse conveys a sense of total depletion, emphasizing the emotional and physical toll of the speaker's suffering. It evokes imagery of shedding not only liquid but also life and vitality, which aligns with the overall theme of lament in this psalm.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse features multiple clauses, with the primary verb נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי (I have been poured out) governing the structure. The subsequent phrases elaborate on the state of the speaker, detailing the dislocation of bones and the melting of the heart.
The order emphasizes the progression of distress, starting with the act of being poured out and leading to the physical and emotional consequences that follow.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי as ἐμὲ (eme), which means 'me.' This choice reflects a more personal emphasis on the speaker's suffering, highlighting the direct impact of the events described.
The Greek rendering of the imagery may suggest a more immediate and personal experience of anguish, aligning with the overall lamentation of the psalm.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 22:14 expresses the speaker's deep anguish, comparing their emotional state to water being poured out and bones being dislocated. The imagery illustrates a profound sense of vulnerability and suffering, as the heart is described as melting away within.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase indicates a complete depletion of strength and vitality, suggesting that the speaker feels utterly exhausted and vulnerable.
The dislocation of bones symbolizes a state of physical and emotional distress, reflecting the speaker's feeling of being broken and scattered.
The melting heart represents deep emotional pain and vulnerability, indicating that the speaker's inner strength is waning under the weight of suffering.
This verse exemplifies the lament genre in the Psalms, where the speaker expresses profound distress and seeks to convey their anguish to God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I felt poured out or exhausted in my own life?
- How can I relate to the imagery of dislocated bones in times of distress?
- What does it mean for my heart to melt under pressure, and how can I find strength in those moments?
- How can I express my own laments and struggles in a way that brings me closer to God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss themes of suffering and the fulfillment of prophecy, highlighting the significance of the imagery in relation to Christ's experiences.
[We know] that even if … all the bones of Christ appear to be scattered in persecutions and afflictions by the plots of those who wage war against the unity of the temple by persecutions,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
You have often heard also the words of the psalm: “To the dust of death you have brought me down.” Think also of the prophecy of Jacob in the Scriptures: “He lay down and couched as a lion, and as a lion’s whelp;Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
"I was poured out like water, and all My bones were scattered" [Psalms 22:14].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 22:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleI am poured out like water,.... This may refer to Christ's sweat in the garden, when through his agony or conflict with Satan, and his vehemency in prayer, and the pressure on his mind, in a view of
Read John Gill on Psalms 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryI am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. Poured out like water.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 22 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleI am poured out like water; my heart faileth, my spirits are spent and gone like water, which once spilt can never be recovered; my very flesh is melted within me, and I am become as weak as water. See the like phrase , and compare . All my bones are out of joint; I am as weak and unable to move or help myself, and withal as full of torment, as if I were upon a rack, and all my bones were disjointed. Or, all my bones are separated, one from another; as they were in some sort in Christ, by the stretching of his body upon the cross. My heart; the seat of life, and fountain which supplies spirits and vigour to the whole body. Is like wax; melted, as it follows, through fear and overwhelming…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 22 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 22:14 I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.Ver. 14. I am poured out like water] i.e. I am almost past all recovery, as water spilt upon the ground. And all my bones are out of joint] Or, disparted, as on a rack, or by a strappado. Who hath not heard how Lithgow, the Scot, was used at Malaga, in Spain, by the bloody inquisitors? after that he had passed through the greatest part of the known world, and travelled through forests, wildernesses, and deserts, where he met with thieves and murderers, lions, bulls, bears, and tigers, and escaped them, how they starved him, wounded him, disjointed him, in…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) The state of hopeless prostration into which the victim of these terrible foes is brought could not be more powerfully described. It is a state of entire dissolution. Again Lamentations 2:2 offers a close parallel. Out of joint.—Perhaps, better, stand out as in a state of emaciation. (Comp. Psalms 22:17.) Literally, separate themselves. In other places, however, “bones” is used in the sense in which we use “fibres,” in such a phrase as “all the fibres of his frame.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 22 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. I am poured out like water] That is, as the old Psalter: Thai rought na mare to sla me than to spil water. The images in this verse are strongly descriptive of a person in the deepest distress; whose strength, courage, hope, and expectation of succour and relief, had entirely failed. Our Lord's sufferings were extreme; but I cannot think there is any sound theologic sense in which these things can be spoken of Christ, either in his agony in the garden, or his death upon the cross.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11–21. The Psalmist pleads for help with intenser earnestness. The virulence of his foes increases. Strength and endurance are exhausted.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 22 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleI am poured out like water - The sufferer now turns from his enemies, and describes the effect of all these outward persecutions and trials on himself. The meaning in this expression is, that all his strength was gone.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 22 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.
I am poured out like water. All my bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax. It is melted within me.
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.
My strength drains away like water; all my bones are dislocated; my heart is like wax; it melts away inside me.
Tyndale line
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.
I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; It is melted within me.
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.
I am like water powred out, and all my bones are out of ioynt: mine heart is like waxe: it is molten in the middes of my bowels.
Strictly literal
I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is become like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.
As waters I have been poured out, And separated themselves have all my bones, My heart hath been like wax, It is melted in the midst of my bowels.
I have been poured out as waters, || And all my bones have separated themselves, || My heart has been like wax, || It is melted in the midst of My bowels.
(22:15) Like water am I poured out, and all my bones are disjointed: my heart is become like wax, it is melted in the midst of my entrails.
I am being poured out like water, and all my bones are dislocated. My heart is like wax; it melts away within my inner parts.
Simplified
I feel like I'm being poured out like water. I'm falling apart as if all my bones have become loose. My mind feels like it's wax melting inside me.
I am flowing away like water, and all my bones are out of place: my heart is like wax, it has become soft in my body.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls show agreement in the core imagery of the verse, although the scrolls contain partial restorations. The Septuagint's translation reflects a similar sentiment but differs in word order and specific terms.
כַּמַּ֥יִם נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי֮ וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ כָּֽל־ עַצְמ֫וֹתָ֥י הָיָ֣ה לִ֭בִּי כַּדּוֹנָ֑ג נָ֝מֵ֗ס בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃
6 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[על׳י] [פי׳הם] אריה [טרף] [ושאג]
5 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 22:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
HRd/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):
(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.
(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.
(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…
See CISTERN and WELLS.
In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare
→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5
→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9
→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11
→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20
→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5
→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22
שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pour out or spill. It encompasses a range of actions, including pouring liquids, shedding blood, and even expressing emotions like anger. The word can also imply figurative uses, such as expending life or resources. Various forms of the verb exist, indicating different nuances, such as being poured out or pouring oneself out.
שָׁפַךְ 113 vb. pour out, pour
Qal
lit.
fig.
Niph. be poured out
Pu. be poured out
Hithp. my soul pours itself out upon me
base
H8210 שָׁפַךְ pour out, pour
8210 shaphak shaw-fak'
a primitive root; to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid
metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively)
to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively,
to sprawl out:--cast (up), gush out, pour (out), shed(-der,
out), slip.
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: pour.
: pour
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to be poured out
1d2) to pour out oneself
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: kill.
: kill/shed(blood/life)
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to be poured out
1d2) to pour out oneself
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: build siege mound.
: build_siege_mound
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
HVNp1cs — Verb · Niphal · perfect first person common singularHVNp1cs
פָּרַד (parad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to divide or separate. It encompasses various forms, including making a separation and being divided. The entries detail its use in different grammatical aspects, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, and Hithpael, indicating a range of meanings from dividing to being separated.
[פָּרַד] vb. divide
Qal Pt. pass. divided
Niph.
divide, separate (intrans.)
be divided, separated
Pi. make a separation
Pu. Pt. divided
Hiph.
divide, separate
make a division, separation, between
Hithp. be divided, separated, from each other
base
H6504 פָּרַד divide .Pt. pass. divided
. . divide, separate (intrans.)
. be divided, separated
. make a separation
. Pt. divided
. . divide, separate
. make a division, separation, between
. be divided, separated, from each other
6504 parad paw-rad'
a primitive root; to break through, i.e. spread or separate
(oneself):--disperse, divide, be out of joint, part, scatter
(abroad), separate (self), sever self, stretch, sunder.
פָּרַד (pa.rad) — to separate.
1) to separate, divide
1a) (Qal) to divide
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to divide, separate
1b2) to be divided, be separated
1c) (Piel) to be separated
1d) (Pual) to be divided
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to divide, separate
1e2) to make a division, make a separation
1f) (Hithpael) to be divided, be separated, get separated
Aramaic equivalent: be.dar (בְּדַר "to scatter" H0921)
HC/Vtp3cp — Conjunction · verb hithpael perfect third person common pluralHC/Vtp3cp
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
עֶ֫צֶם (etsem) primarily means 'bone' but extends to concepts of substance and self. It can refer to the physical body, limbs, or essence. The word is derived from a root related to strength, indicating a connection between physicality and identity.
עֶ֫צֶם 125 n.f. bone, substance, self
base
H6106 עֶ֫צֶם bone, substance, self
6106 `etsem eh'tsem
from 6105; a bone (as strong); by extension, the body;
figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame:--body,
bone, X life, (self-)same, strength, X very.
see HEBREW for 06105
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone.
: bone/limb
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: same.
: same/very
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: body.
: body
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
HNcfpc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
be-kum':
(1) Greek ginomai, used in New Testament for a change of state, corresponding to Hebrew hayah of Old Testament. Compare Mt 18:3 with De 27:9.
(2) For what is fitting, suitable, proper, in New Testament: "prepei" (Mt 3:15; Eph 5:3; 1Ti 2:10); in Old Testament, na'awah, na'ah, Ps 93:5: "Holiness becometh thy house." in this sense, the adverb "becomingly" must be interpreted: "Walk becomingly toward them that are without" (1Th 4:12), i.e. in a way that is consistent with your profession.
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
דּוֹנַג (do.nag) refers to wax, with a note that its derivation is uncertain. The term is used figuratively to imply melting. All entries consistently define it as wax, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
דּוֹנַג n.m. wax
base
H1749 דּוֹנַג wax
1749 downag do-nag'
of uncertain derivation; wax; -wax.
דּוֹנַג (do.nag) — wax.
wax (always figurative 'of melting')
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
waks:
(1) Noun (donagh): Used only in a simile of melting (Ps 22:14; 68:2; 97:5; Mic 1:4).
See WRITING.
(2) A now archaic verb, meaning "to grow," used freely in English Versions of the Bible as a translation of various terms in Greek and Hebrew. The past participle in the King James Version and the English Revised Version is "waxen," except in Ge 18:12. There (and throughout in the American Standard Revised Version) the form is "waxed."
מָסַס (ma.sas) is a Hebrew verb meaning to dissolve or melt. It can refer to physical melting or be used figuratively to describe feelings of fear or faintness. The entries indicate various forms, including causing something to melt or waste away, and suggest a connection to feelings of discouragement or worthlessness.
[מָסַס] vb. dissolve, melt, intr.
Qal Inf. cstr. like the melting
Niph.
melt (intr.)
most oft. fig. of heart = faint, grow fearful
Pt. = wasted, consumptive (?)
Hiph Pf. cause to melt (= intimidate)
base
H4549 מָסַס dissolve, melt, intr. .Inf. cstr. like the melting
. . melt (intr.)
. most oft. fig. of heart = faint, grow fearful
. Pt. = wasted, consumptive (?)
.Pf. cause to melt (= intimidate)
4549 macac maw-sas'
a primitive root; to liquefy; figuratively, to waste (with
disease), to faint (with fatigue, fear or
grief):--discourage, faint, be loosed, melt (away), refuse, X
utterly.
מָסַס (ma.sas) — to melt.
1) to dissolve, melt
1a) (Qal) to waste away
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to melt, vanish, drop off, melt away
1b2) to faint, grow fearful (fig.)
1b3) wasted, worthless (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to melt
HVNp3ms — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person masculine singularHVNp3ms
תָּ֫וֶךְ (tavek) means 'midst' or 'middle,' indicating a central position or location. It can also imply being 'among' or 'between' things, particularly in contexts involving separation or division. The term appears in various forms, such as 'into' or 'through,' especially after verbs of motion.
תָּ֫וֶךְ 416 subst. midst
base
H8432 תָּ֫וֶךְ subst. midst
8432 tavek taw'-vek
from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by
implication) the centre:--among(-st), X between, half, X
(there- ,where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among),
X out (of), X through, X with(-in).
תָּ֫וֶךְ (ta.vekh) — midst.
1) midst, middle
1a) midst, middle
1b) into, through (after verbs of motion)
1c) among (of a number of persons)
1d) between (of things arranged by twos)
1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מֵעֶה (me`ah) refers to internal organs, particularly the intestines and belly. It is used in plural form and can denote various inward parts, including the womb and the seat of emotions. The term may also imply softness, reflecting a figurative sense of sympathy or emotional distress.
[מֵעֶה] n.m. only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
base
H4578 מֵעֶה only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
4578 me`ah may-aw'
from an unused root probably meaning to be soft; used only in
plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen,
figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extens. the
stomach, the uterus (or of men, the seat of generation), the
heart (figuratively):--belly, bowels, X heart, womb.
מֵעֶה (me.eh) — belly.
1) internal organs, inward parts, bowels, intestines, belly
1a) inward parts
1b) digestive organs
1c) organs of procreation, womb
1d) place of emotions or distress or love (fig.)
1e) external belly
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְעָא "belly" H4577)
HNcmpc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs