Job 16:13 — Word Study
WLCיָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨י׀ רַבָּ֗יו יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַי וְלֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִי׃
BSAHis archersrab [skilled bowmen, surrounding me on all sides] surround meçâbab▸ He piercespâlach▸ [splits, cuts through] my kidneyskilyâh [innermost being, seat of emotions] withoutlôʼ mercychâmal▸ [pity, compassion] and spillsshâphak▸ [pours out, sheds] my gallmᵉrêrâh△ [bitter fluid] ◂on the groundʼerets [earth, land]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ | they surround | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| עָלַ֨י׀ | me | Preposition, suffix |
| רַבָּ֗יו | archers his | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יְפַלַּ֣ח | he splits open | Verb, Piel, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| כִּ֭לְיוֹתַי | kidneys my | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וְלֹ֣א | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| יַחְמ֑וֹל | he has compassion | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ | he pours out | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ | to the ground | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| מְרֵרָֽתִי׃ | gall my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | His archers surround me. He pierces my kidneys without mercy and spills my gall on the ground. |
| KJV | His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. |
| ASV | His archers compass me round about; He cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; He poureth out my gall upon the ground. |
| YLT | Go round against me do his archers. He splitteth my reins, and spareth not, He poureth out to the earth my gall. |
| WEB | His archers surround me. He splits my kidneys apart, and does not spare. He pours out my bile on the ground. |
| BBE | His bowmen come round about me; their arrows go through my body without mercy; my life is drained out on the earth. |
The translations agree on the rendering of the key verb יְפַלַּ֣ח as 'pierces'.
The sentence has a main clause followed by two subordinate clauses that detail the actions taken against Job.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbסָבַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 16:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 16:13 captures Job's intense suffering as he feels targeted by God, surrounded by archers who inflict pain upon him. This verse is part of a larger lament where Job expresses his despair and the feeling of being crushed by relentless affliction. The surrounding verses highlight his sense of isolation and the severity of his wounds, as he grapples with the loss of comfort and hope.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 6:4 | For the arrows of the Almighty have pierced me; my spirit drinks in their poison; the terrors of God are arrayed against me. |
| 2 | Genesis 49:23 | The archers attacked him with bitterness; they aimed at him in hostility. |
| 3 | Psalm 7:12–13 | If one does not repent, God will sharpen His sword; He has bent and strung His bow. |
| 4 | Job 19:27 | I will see Him for myself; my eyes will behold Him, and not as a stranger. How my heart yearns within me! |
| 5 | Lamentations 3:13 | He pierced my kidneys with His arrows. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְפַלַּ֣ח, ye.fa.Lachgenerated
The verb יְפַלַּ֣ח (ye.fa.Lach) comes from the root פָּלַח (palach), meaning to cleave or split open. This word conveys a strong image of piercing or cutting through, which emphasizes the severity of Job's suffering.
In this context, it describes the action of God as one that is invasive and painful, suggesting a deep emotional and physical wound. The choice of this verb indicates not just a physical action but also the emotional impact it has on Job, highlighting his anguish.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the word pierces is used, which aligns with the KJV's pierces and the ASV's he pierces, maintaining the sense of a violent action.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יְפַלַּ֣ח governs the structure, indicating Job's direct experience of being pierced. The surrounding phrases elaborate on the subject and the actions taken against him.
The order of the Hebrew words places emphasis on the actions of the archers and God's piercing, creating a vivid picture of Job's suffering as he feels surrounded and attacked.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יְפַלַּ֣ח as βάλλοντες, which carries a similar meaning of throwing or casting, suggesting an aggressive action. This choice reflects a slight widening of the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing not just the act of piercing but an active aggression.
This interpretation in the Greek shows an understanding of Job's plight as not only personal suffering but also as an assault from external forces.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 16:13 describes Job's feeling of being surrounded by archers who pierce his kidneys without mercy and spill his gall on the ground. This verse illustrates his deep anguish and the intensity of his suffering, as he feels attacked and wounded by God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job uses the imagery of archers to express his feeling of being targeted and attacked by God, emphasizing his sense of vulnerability.
In ancient Hebrew thought, kidneys were seen as the seat of emotions; Job refers to them to illustrate the depth of his emotional pain.
Spilling gall symbolizes extreme bitterness and suffering, indicating that Job's anguish is profound and visceral.
This verse encapsulates Job's feelings of despair and abandonment, as he perceives God as inflicting pain without compassion.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I feel surrounded by challenges, similar to Job's experience?
- How can I better understand the emotional aspects of suffering, as Job illustrates in his lament?
- What does it mean to me that Job expresses his pain so vividly?
- How can I find hope in my own struggles, reflecting on Job's journey?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary from Gregory the Dialogist reflects on Job's suffering, illustrating the profound impact of his lament.
Ver. 13. I, the same that was once rich, am crushed on a sudden. Herein, viz. that he declared himself to be 'crushed on a sudden,' he denoted the unguarded mind of weak persons: who,Early Church Fathers on Job 16 →
Ver. 13. He hath compassed me about with His lances, He hath wounded my loins together, He hath not spared, and He hath poured out my bowels upon the ground.Early Church Fathers on Job 16 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 16:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHis archers compass me round about,.... Satan and his principalities and powers casting their fiery darts at him; or rather, his friends shooting their arrows, even bitter words, reproaches, and
Read John Gill on Job 16 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHis archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. His archers. The image of last verse is continued.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 16 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHis archers, i.e. his plagues or judgments, elsewhere compared to arrows, and here to archers. He cleaveth my reins asunder with his arrows, i.e. he wounds me inwardly, and mortally, and incurably; which also is noted by pouring out the gall; such wounds being deadly.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 16 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 16:13 His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.Ver. 13. His archers compass me round about] i.e. His instruments of my woe, whether persons or things, but especially my grievous sores putting me through intolerable pain; these are God’ s arrows or archers, and do make my poor body not unlike that shield of Sceva, at the siege of Dyrrachium, which had two hundred and twenty darts sticking in it, when Caesar came to his rescue, Densamque ferens in pectore silvam (Luc.). He cleaveth my reins asunder] As a skilful archer, he hits the white, he cleaves the pin, as they call it, he shooteth exactly (to the…
Read John Trapp on Job 16 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. His archers compass me] רביו rabbaiv "his great ones." The Vulgate and Septuagint translate this his spears; the Syriac, Arabic, and Chaldee, his arrows. On this and the following verse Mr. Heath observes: "The metaphor is here taken from huntsmen: first, they surround the beast; then he is shot dead; his entrails are next taken out; and then his body is broken up limb by limb."
Read AdamClarke on Job 16 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. The second figure—Job has been set up by God as a mark for His arrows. his archers] Rather, his arrows, cf. ch. Job 6:4. These arrows fly about him and cleave his vital parts and pour out his life to the ground. The Oriental speaks of the gall and gall-bladder where we might refer to the blood and the heart.
Read Cambridge on Job 16 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis archers - He does not come alone to shoot at me; he has employed a company of bowmen, who also direct “their” arrows against me.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 16 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible13. My reins — The kidneys. “The Scriptures bring the tenderest and the most inward experience of a manifold kind into association with them.” — , Bib. Psychology, pp. 317-319.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
His archers surround me. He pierces my kidneys without mercy and spills my gall on the ground.
His archers surround me. He splits my kidneys apart, and does not spare. He pours out my bile on the ground.
His archers surround me. He pierces my kidneys without mercy and spills my gall on the ground.
his archers surround me. Without pity he pierces my kidneys and pours out my gall on the ground.
Tyndale line
His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.
His archers compass me round about; He cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; He poureth out my gall upon the ground.
His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.
His archers encompass me; he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.
His archers compasse mee rounde about: he cutteth my reines, and doth not spare, and powreth my gall vpon the ground.
Strictly literal
His arrows encompass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.
Go round against me do his archers. He splitteth my reins, and spareth not, He poureth out to the earth my gall.
His archers go around against me. He split my reins, and does not spare, || He pours out my gall to the earth.
His archers encompass me round about; he cleaveth my reins sunder, and doth not pity; he poureth out upon the ground my gall;
His archers surround me all around; God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground.
From the Latin
I that was formerly so wealthy, am all on a sudden broken to pieces: he hath taken me by my neck, he hath broken me, and hath set me up to be his mark.
Simplified
His archers surround me. His arrows pierce my kidneys without mercy. He pours out my gall on the ground.
His bowmen come round about me; their arrows go through my body without mercy; my life is drained out on the earth.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording, with all ten words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This correspondence indicates a consistent understanding of Job's lament across these ancient witnesses.
יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨י׀ רַבָּ֗יו יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַי וְלֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִי׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 16:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround
Qal
turn, intrans.
march, or walk, around
go partly round, circle, skirt
make a round, or circuit, go about to
surround, encompass
Niph.
turn oneself against, close round upon
turn round (from a direct course)
esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
pass. be turned over to, into the power of
Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
Po‛.
encompass (with protection)
come about, assemble round
march or go about
enclose, envelop
Hiph.
turn (trans.), cause to turn
bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
turn into, of changing name
= bring round, of changing name
cause to go around
surround with (acc.) wall
perh. also encompass (as foe)
Hoph.
be turned, of cart wheel
surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
base
H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.
. . march, or walk, around
. go partly round, circle, skirt
. make a round, or circuit, go about to
. surround, encompass
. . . turn oneself against, close round upon
. turn round (from a direct course)
. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
. pass. be turned over to, into the power of
. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
. . encompass (with protection)
. come about, assemble round
. march or go about
. enclose, envelop
. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn
. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
. turn into, of changing name
. = bring round, of changing name
. . cause to go around
. surround with (acc.) wall
. perh. also encompass (as foe)
. . be turned, of cart wheel
. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
5437 cabab saw-bab'
a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in
various applications, literally and figuratively (as
follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X
round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset
(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to
come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),
drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,
go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit
down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.
: turn/bring_around
1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change
1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round
1b2) to be turned over to
1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform
1d) (Poel)
1d1) to encompass, surround
1d2) to come about, assemble round
1d3) to march, go about
1d4) to enclose, envelop
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round
1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass
1f) (Hophal)
1f1) to be turned
1f2) to be surrounded
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.
: surround/go_round
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
רַב (rav) means 'archer' in Hebrew. It is derived from a root that may relate to other words for archery. The entries consistently define it as an archer, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[רַב] n.m. archer
base
H7228 רַב
7228 rab rab
by contraction from 7232; an archer (or perhaps the same as
7227):--archer.
see HEBREW for 07232
see HEBREW for 07227
רַב (rav) — archer.
archer
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
פָּלַח (palach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cleave or slice. It encompasses actions like breaking open, piercing, and plowing. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various forms, including Qal and Piel, indicating different nuances of cleaving or cutting.
[פָּלַח] vb. cleave
Qal of cleaving, ploughing
Pi.
cleave open, through
cause to cleave open
base
H6398 פָּלַח
6398 palach paw-lakh'
a primitive root; to slice, i.e. break open or
pierce:--bring forth, cleave, cut, shred, strike through.
פָּלַח (pa.lach) — to cleave.
1) to cleave, slice
1a) (Qal) to cleave, plow
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to cleave open or through
1b2) to cause to cleave open
1b3) to slice, pierce
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singularHVpi3ms
o'-p'-n: In the Old Testament represents chiefly pathach, but also other words, as galah, "to uncover"; of the opening of the eyes in vision, etc. (thus Balaam, Nu 22:31; 24:4; compare Job 33:16; 36:10; Ps 119:18; Jer 32:11,14). In the New Testament the usual word is anoigo (of opening of mouth, eyes, heavens, doors, etc.). A peculiar word, trachelizomai (literally, to have the neck bent back, to be laid bare), is used for "laid open" before God in Heb 4:13.
כִּלְיָה (kilyah) refers to kidneys in the plural form, primarily as a physical organ. It can also denote the seat of emotion and affection figuratively, and is used in the context of sacrificial animals. The term is derived from a related word for 'kidney' and is noted for its figurative use in describing the mind or interior self.
[כִּלְיָה] n.f. only pl. kidneys
base
H3629 [כִּלְיָה] only pl. kidneys
3629 kilyah kil-yaw'
feminine of 3627 (only in the plural); a kidney (as an
essential organ); figuratively, the mind (as the interior
self):--kidneys, reins.
see HEBREW for 03627
כִּלְיָה (kil.yah) — kidney.
1) kidneys
1a) of physical organ (lit.)
1b) of seat of emotion and affection (fig.)
1c) of sacrificial animals
2) (TWOT) reins
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp1bs
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
חָמַל (chamal) is a primitive root meaning to spare or have compassion. It encompasses the ideas of commiseration and pity, primarily in the Qal stem. The entries consistently emphasize its connotation of sparing or showing compassion.
H2550 חָמַל spare
2550 chamal khaw-mal'
a primitive root; to commiserate; by implication, to
spare:--have compassion, (have) pity, spare.
חָמַל (cha.mal) — to spare.
(Qal) to spare, pity, have compassion on
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
kom-pash'-un: Compassion is the translation of racham, "to love," "pity," "be merciful" (De 13:17; 30:3); of rachamim, "mercies" (1Ki 8:50); of chamal, "to pity," "spare" (Ex 2:6; 1Sa 23:21); rachum (Ps 78:38; 86:15; 111:4; 112:4; 145:8), is rendered by the American Standard Revised Version "merciful." We have splagchnizomai, "to have the bowels yearning," in Mt 9:36; 14:14, etc.; sumpatheo (Heb 10:34), "to suffer with (another)"; sumpathes (1Pe 3:8, the…
→ OF GOD
See GOD, MERCY OF
→ OF CHRIST
See JESUS, COMPASSION OF
שָׁפַךְ (shaphak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pour out or spill. It encompasses a range of actions, including pouring liquids, shedding blood, and even expressing emotions like anger. The word can also imply figurative uses, such as expending life or resources. Various forms of the verb exist, indicating different nuances, such as being poured out or pouring oneself out.
שָׁפַךְ 113 vb. pour out, pour
Qal
lit.
fig.
Niph. be poured out
Pu. be poured out
Hithp. my soul pours itself out upon me
base
H8210 שָׁפַךְ pour out, pour
8210 shaphak shaw-fak'
a primitive root; to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid
metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively)
to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively,
to sprawl out:--cast (up), gush out, pour (out), shed(-der,
out), slip.
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: pour.
: pour
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to be poured out
1d2) to pour out oneself
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: kill.
: kill/shed(blood/life)
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
1d) (Hithpael)
1d1) to be poured out
1d2) to pour out oneself
שָׁפַךְ (sha.phakh) — to pour: build siege mound.
: build_siege_mound
1) to pour, pour out, spill
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to shed (blood)
1a3) to pour out (anger or heart) (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be poured out, be shed
1c) (Pual) to be poured out, be shed
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
מְרֵרָה (mrerah) refers to gall, which is associated with bitterness. It is derived from the root word for bitterness and is mentioned specifically in Job 16:13. The entries consistently define it as bile or gall, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[מְרֵרָה] n.f. gall; only sf. Jb 16:13
ref
H4845 מְרֵרָה
4845 mrerah mer-ay-raw'
from 4843; bile (from its bitterness):--gall.
see HEBREW for 04843
מְרֵרָה (me.re.rah) — gall.
gall
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
