Menu

Jeremiah 50:26 — Word Study

Depth

WLCבֹּֽאוּ־ לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־ עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־ תְּהִי־ לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃

BSAComebôwʼ from the farthest borderqêts [utmost, extreme] Break openpâthach her granariesmaʼăbûwç [storehouses] pile her upçâlal likekᵉmôw mounds of grainʻârêm [heaps] Devote her to destructionchâram [destroy utterly, set apart for destruction] leavehâyâh noʼal [not any, none] survivorsshᵉʼêrîyth [remnant, what is left]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 50
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 26 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (she.'e.Rit) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 50:26quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse commands an assault on Babylon, instructing the destruction of its resources and leaving no survivors.
Who is speakingThe LORD, giving orders for the destruction of Babylon.
Where we areA prophetic declaration concerning the judgment against Babylon.
The hard wordשְׁאֵרִית
Take awayThe command is to ensure complete destruction without a remnant.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשְׁאֵרִית verbבּוֹא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 13 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 50:26

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment Against Babylongenerated

25The LORD has opened His armory and brought out His weapons of wrath, for this is the work of the Lord GOD of Hosts in the land of the Chaldeans.
26Come against her from the farthest border. Break open her granaries; pile her up like mounds of grain. Devote her to destruction; leave her no survivors.
27Kill all her young bulls; let them go down to the slaughter. Woe to them, for their day has come— the time of their punishment.
28Listen to the fugitives and refugees from the land of Babylon, declaring in Zion the vengeance of the LORD our God, the vengeance for His temple.

Jeremiah 50:26 is part of a series of prophecies against Babylon, emphasizing the totality of its destruction. The surrounding verses depict the LORD's wrath and the necessity of executing divine judgment on a nation that has oppressed His people. This context highlights the seriousness of the command to leave no survivors, reinforcing the finality of Babylon's fate.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 50:41Behold, an army is coming from the north; a great nation and many kings are stirred up from the ends of the earth.
2Jeremiah 51:27–28“Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn among the nations! Prepare the nations against her. Summon the kingdoms against her— Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a captain against her; bring up horses like swarming locusts.
3Isaiah 5:26He lifts a banner for the distant nations and whistles for those at the ends of the earth. Behold—how speedily and swiftly they come!
4Jeremiah 50:10Chaldea will be plundered; all who plunder her will have their fill,” declares the LORD.
5Jeremiah 51:44I will punish Bel in Babylon. I will make him spew out what he swallowed. The nations will no longer stream to him; even the wall of Babylon will fall.

The Key Word שְׁאֵרִית, she.'e.Ritgenerated

The word שְׁאֵרִית (she'eriyth) refers to a remnant or what remains after destruction. It implies survival in the aftermath of calamity, often used in the context of those who escape judgment.

In this verse, it signifies that Babylon will have no remnant left, emphasizing the completeness of the destruction commanded by the LORD.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase leave her no survivors.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb בֹּֽאוּ־ (bo'u), meaning come, governs the entire verse. It is followed by multiple clauses detailing the actions commanded against Babylon.

The structure includes imperative verbs like פִּתְח֣וּ (pit'chu, open) and הַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ (veha'charimuha, destroy it), highlighting the urgency and decisiveness of the commands.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בֹּֽאוּ־ as ἐληλύθασιν, suggesting a focus on the act of coming or approaching. This choice indicates a direct engagement with Babylon.

The translation choices in the Septuagint reflect a similar intent but may carry nuances in emphasis that differ from the Hebrew.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 50:26 commands an attack on Babylon, instructing to break open its granaries and leave no survivors. The verse emphasizes total destruction, indicating that nothing will remain after the judgment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to leave no survivors?

It signifies a complete and utter destruction of Babylon, ensuring that nothing remains of the city or its people.

Why is Babylon being judged?

Babylon is judged for its oppression of Israel and its rebellion against God, as part of the divine plan for justice.

What are granaries and why are they mentioned?

Granaries are storehouses for grain, and their destruction symbolizes the loss of resources and sustenance for Babylon.

How does this verse connect to other prophecies?

This verse connects to other prophecies against Babylon found in Jeremiah 50:41 and Jeremiah 51:27-28, reinforcing the theme of divine judgment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does complete destruction reveal about God's judgment?
  2. How can we understand the concept of a remnant in our own lives?
  3. In what ways do we see God's justice being executed in the world today?
  4. How can we prepare ourselves spiritually to avoid being part of the judgment?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 50:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Come against her from the utmost border,.... Or, "from the end" (a); from the end of the earth; from the Persian gulf, and the Caspian sea, on which the Persians and Medes bordered; from the most

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 50 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 50 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The prophet in the name of God calleth to the enemies of Babylon, the Medes, to come up from the furthest parts of their dominions, or from all parts, to fight against Babylon; to open the granaries, or store-houses, or treasuries of the Babylonians, and to cast up the cities as heaps of rubbish, and utterly to destroy the city with such a total destruction that nothing of it should be left.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 50 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 50:26 Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.Ver. 26. Come against her.] This he speaketh to the Medes and Persians, who, though they were farther remote than they that could hear the prophet, yet God, who spake by him, could and did speak home to their hearts, stirring them up by a secret instinct to do this execution.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 50 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(26) Open her storehouses.—The noun is not found elsewhere. Probably granaries would be a better rendering. The word for “heaps” is used in Song Son 7:2; Rth 3:7 for “heaps of corn,” and this is probably its meaning here. In Nehemiah 4:2, however, it is used of heaps of rubbish. The stored-up provisions of the captured city are to be piled up in its open places, as men pile the sheaves of corn after harvest, and burnt (for “destroy” read devote to destruction), as had been done, e.g., in the capture of Jericho and other cities (Joshua 6:24; Joshua 11:12-13). Let nothing of her be left.—Literally, let there be no remnant, as in marked contrast with the “remnant” of Israel (Jeremiah 50:20).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 50 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 26. Open her store-houses] At the time that Cyrus took the city, it was full of provisions and treasures of all kinds; the walls had suffered no injury; and when the inhabitants heard that the enemy was within, they thought they must have arisen out of the earth in the centre of the city!

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 50 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

26. from the utmost border] better, as mg. from every quarter. Heb. lit. “from the end.” storehouses] better, as mg. granaries. cast her up as heaps] “her” meaning the whole contents of the city, including the piled up treasures of grain. destroy her utterly] See mg. and cp. Deuteronomy 13:15 f.

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 50 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Against her - Or, to her, in order to plunder her. Her storehouses (literally granaries) are to burst open, the grain piled up in heaps, and finally they are to devote her to destruction, i. e., to burn her wealth with fire.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 50 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Come against her from the farthest border. Break open her granaries; pile her up like mounds of grain. Devote her to destruction; leave her no survivors.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Come against her from the farthest border. Open her storehouses. Cast her up as heaps. Destroy her utterly. Let nothing of her be left.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Come against her from the farthest border. Break open her granaries; pile her up like mounds of grain. Devote her to destruction; leave her no survivors.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Come from far away and attack Babylonia! Open up the places where she stores her grain! Pile her up in ruins! Destroy her completely! Do not leave anyone alive!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Come against her from the utmost border; open her store-houses; cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly; let nothing of her be left.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Come against her from the utmost border, open her store-houses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Come against her from the vtmost border: open her store houses: treade on her as on sheaues, and destroy her vtterly: let nothing of her be left.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Come ye against her from every quarter, open her storehouses; pile her up like sheaves, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Come ye in to her from the extremity, Open ye her storehouses, Raise her up as heaps, and devote her, Let her have no remnant.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Come in to her from the extremity, || Open her storehouses, || Raise her up as heaps, and devote her, || Let her have no remnant.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Come against her from the end of the earth, open her garners; tread her down as sheaves of corn, and destroy her utterly: let there not be left of her a remnant even.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Attack her from far away. Open her granaries and pile her up like heaps of grain. Set her apart for destruction. Leave no remnant of her.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Come ye against her from the uttermost borders: open that they may go forth that shall tread her down: take the stones out of the way, and make heaps, and destroy her: and let nothing of her be left.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Come and attack her from every side! Open her granaries; collect the loot you take from her like piles of grain. Set her apart for destruction; don't leave any survivors.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Come up against her one and all, let her store-houses be broken open: make her into a mass of stones, give her to the curse, till there is nothing of her to be seen.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbבֹּֽאוּcomeprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ֤toהּitprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfrom.[the]קֵּץ֙endclauseverbפִּתְח֣וּopennoun phrase · objectמַאֲבֻסֶ֔יgranariesהָitsclauseverbסָלּ֥וּpileobjectהָit.upprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְמוֹlikeעֲרֵמִ֖יםheapsוְandclauseverbהַחֲרִימ֑וּtotallyobjectהָdestroy.itclauseadverbialאַלnotverbתְּהִיlet.it.belongprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ֖toהּitsubjectשְׁאֵרִֽיתa.remnant

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording for this verse, with 12 of the 13 words matched. The differences lie in the order and structure, not in the content.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בֹּֽאוּ־ לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־ עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־ תְּהִי־ לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בֹּֽאוּ־ἐληλύθασινלָ֤הּοἱפִּתְח֣וּἀνοίχατεמַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָτὰςסָלּ֥וּהָαὐτὴνכְמוֹ־ὡςעֲרֵמִ֖יםσπήλαιονוְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָαὐτήνאַל־μὴתְּהִי־γενέσθωלָ֖הּαὐτῆςשְׁאֵרִֽית׃κατάλειμμα

12 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 50:26בּוֹאcomecomeבּוֹאהָto itto itהָקֵץfrom [the] from [the] endקֵץפָּתַחopenopenפָּתַחמַאֲבוּסgranaries igranaries itsמַאֲבוּססָלַלpile up itpile up itסָלַלכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹעֲרֵמָהheapsheapsעֲרֵמָהחָרַםand totallyand totally desחָרַםאַלmay notmay notאַלהָיָהit belongit belongהָיָההָto itto itהָשְׁאֵרִיתa remnanta remnantשְׁאֵרִיתקָצַץto cutto cutקָצַץאָבַסto fattento fattenאָבַסעָרַםto pile upto pile upעָרַםשָׁאַרto remainto remainשָׁאַרכֵּןrightrightכֵּןלֹאnotnotלֹאהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁאַרְבָּעִיםfortyfortyאַרְבָּעִיםפִּתּוּחַengravingengravingפִּתּוּחַדָּלdoordoorדָּלסָקַלto stoneto stoneסָקַלחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶרחֹ֫דֶשׁmonthmonthחֹ֫דֶשׁחֵ֫רֶםdevoted thdevoted thingחֵ֫רֶםחָתַתto to be dto to be dismayחָתַתיָרֵאto fearto fearיָרֵאפְּלֵיטָהsurvivorsurvivorפְּלֵיטָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 50:26

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
בֹּֽאוּ־bo.'u- come H935 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kum: The translation of many Hebrew and Greek words. In the phrase "The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily upon him" (Jud 14:6,19; 15:14; 1Sa 10:10; 11:6; 16:13), the word is tsaleah; Jud 14:6; 15:14 "came mightily," which is the uniform translation of the Revised Version (British and American) (compare Jud 13:25 "to move," i.e. to disturb or stir up). In Jud 6:34; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 24:20, it is labhesh, "to clothe"; the Revised Version, margin "The Spirit .... clothed itself with Gideon" and .... "with Zechariah,"…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
לָ֤הּlah to it H9034 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָ (ha) — her.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
מִקֵּץ֙mi.Ketz from [the] end H7093 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
67× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The end refers to the extremity or conclusion of something, whether in time or space. It can also mean after or at the border of something, as in the utmost end of a process.
Amplified meaning
utmost, extreme
Tyndale gloss
end
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קֵץ (qets) means 'end,' typically referring to a point in time or space. It is often used in the phrase מִקֵּץ, meaning 'at the end of a definite time.' The word is derived from a root that implies extremity or limit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קֵץ 68 n.m. end

end, usu. of time, esp. in phr. מִקֵּץ at the end of a definite time

end, in space

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7093 קֵץ end . end, usu. of time, esp. in phr. מִקֵּץ at the end of a definite time

. end, in space

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7093 qets kates

contracted from 7112; an extremity; adverbially (with

prepositional prefix) after:--+ after, (utmost) border, end,

(in-)finite, X process.

see HEBREW for 07112

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קֵץ (qets) — end.

1) end

1a) end, at the end of (of time)

1b) end (of space)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

qets, 'ephec, kalah; telos, sunteleo:

The end of anything is its termination, hence, also, final object or purpose.

It is the translation of several Hebrew and Greek words, chiefly in the Old Testament of qets (properly, "a cutting off") and other words from the same root (Ge 6:13, "The end of all flesh is come before me"); 'acharith, "hinder part," is also frequently translated "end" (De 11:12; Ps 37:37,38, American Revised Version: "There is a happy end to the man of peace .... The end of the wicked shall be cut off"; the English Revised Version "latter end" (Ps 37:37), margin "reward" or "future posterity"; Ps 73:17

Easton's Bible Dictionary

End

In Heb. 13:7, is the rendering of the unusual Greek word ekbasin, meaning “outcome”, i.e., death. It occurs only elsewhere in 1 Cor. 10:13, where it is rendered “escape.”

come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
פִּתְח֣וּpit.Chu open H6605 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
144× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to engrave or carve, and is used in Exodus to describe the intricate carvings on the furniture of the tabernacle.
Tyndale gloss
to open
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּתַח (pathach) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to open' and can refer to various actions such as opening doors, loosening restraints, or engraving. It has different forms, including Qal (to open), Niphal (to be opened), and Piel (to engrave). The entries highlight its literal and figurative uses, but there is some overlap in meaning regarding its applications in opening and engraving.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּתַח vb. open

Qal open sack

Niph. be opened

Pi. be opened

free, i.e. ungird, camels

loosen (and remove) sack-cloth

open gates, doors

Hithp. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck

base

[פָּתַח] vb. Pi. engrave

Pu. stones engraved with the engravings of a signet.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6605a פָּתַח open .open sack

. be opened

. be opened . free, i.e. ungird, camels

. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth

. open gates, doors

. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck

H6605b פָּתַח Pi. engrave

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6605 pathach paw-thakh'

a primitive root; to open wide (literally or figuratively);

specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve:--appear, break

forth, draw (out), let go free, (en-)grave(-n), loose (self),

(be, be set) open(-ing), put off, ungird, unstop, have vent.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to open.

1) to open

1a) (Qal) to open

1b) (Niphal) to be opened, be let loose, be thrown open

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to free

1c2) to loosen

1c3) to open, open oneself

1d) (Hithpael) to loose oneself

Aramaic equivalent: pe.tach (פְּתַח "to open" H6606)

פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to engrave.

1) to carve, engrave

1a) (Piel) to engrave

1b) (Pual) to be engraved

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

o'-p'-n: In the Old Testament represents chiefly pathach, but also other words, as galah, "to uncover"; of the opening of the eyes in vision, etc. (thus Balaam, Nu 22:31; 24:4; compare Job 33:16; 36:10; Ps 119:18; Jer 32:11,14). In the New Testament the usual word is anoigo (of opening of mouth, eyes, heavens, doors, etc.). A peculiar word, trachelizomai (literally, to have the neck bent back, to be laid bare), is used for "laid open" before God in Heb 4:13.

come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָma.'a.vu.Sei.ha granaries its H3965 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Maabuc is a storehouse or granary where grain is kept. It is a place for storing food and supplies.
Amplified meaning
storehouses
Tyndale gloss
granary
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַאֲבוּס (ma'abuwc) refers to a granary or storehouse, specifically a place for fodder. The word is derived from another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַאֲבוּס] n.[m.] granary (= place of fodder)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3965 [מַאֲבוּס] granary (= place of fodder)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3965 ma`abuwc mah-ab-ooce'

from 75; a granary:--storehouse.

see HEBREW for 075

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַאֲבוּס (ma.a.vus) — granary.

storehouse, granary

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
סָלּ֥וּהָsa.Lu.ha pile up it H5549 Verb qal imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to build or exalt something, like a road or a song, as seen in Isaiah 57:14 and 62:10 where God commands the Israelites to build a highway for his people. It can also mean to oppose or resist something.
Tyndale gloss
to build
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָלַל (salal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to lift up or cast up, often in the context of building a highway or a way. It can also imply exalting oneself or something, as well as making something plain. The entries suggest a range of uses, from physical elevation to figurative exaltation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[סָלַל] vb. lift up, cast up

Qal

cast up a highway

cast up a way

lift up

Pilp. exalt her (i.e. Wisdom)

Hithp. exalt oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5549 סָלַל lift up, cast up

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5549 calal saw-lal'

a primitive root; to mound up (especially a turnpike);

figurative, to exalt; reflexively, to oppose (as by a dam):--

cast up, exalt (self), extol, make plain, raise up.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָלַל (sa.lal) — to build.

1) to lift up, cast up, exalt

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cast up a highway

1a2) to cast up a way

1a3) to lift up (of song)

1b) (Pilpel) to exalt, esteem highly, prize

1c) (Hithpoel) to exalt oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp | Suff — Verb qal imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
HVqv2mp/Sp3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
כְמוֹ־khe.mov- like H3644 Preposition
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
עֲרֵמִ֖ים'a.re.Mim heaps H6194 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a heap or pile, often referring to a sheaf of grain. It appears in the Bible as a heap of corn. In Genesis, it describes a large amount of food.
Amplified meaning
heaps
Tyndale gloss
heap
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲרֵמָה (arem) means 'heap' or 'pile' and can specifically refer to a sheaf, particularly in the context of grain. The word is derived from a root meaning to 'heap up' and is found in contexts such as Jeremiah 50:26. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to accumulation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲרֵמָה n.f. heap

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6194 עֲרֵמָה heap

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6194 `arem aw-rame'

(Jer. 50:26 or (feminine) aremah {ar-ay-maw'}; from 6192; a

heap; specifically, a sheaf:--heap (of corn), sheaf.

see HEBREW for 06192

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲרֵמָה (a.re.mah) — heap.

heap, pile

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָve.ha.cha.ri.Mu.ha and totally destroy it H2763 Conjunction · verb hiphil imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
52× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To devote or destroy something, like the objects the Israelites were told to destroy in Deuteronomy 7:26.
Amplified meaning
destroy utterly, set apart for destruction
Tyndale gloss
to devote/destroy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָרַם (charam) is a Hebrew verb with two main meanings. It can denote the act of devoting or banning something, often for destruction, as well as the physical act of mutilation, particularly of body parts. The entries highlight its use in contexts of religious devotion and prohibition, as well as in descriptions of physical alteration.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָרַם] vb. Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate

Hiph. ban, devote

Hoph.

be put under the ban, devoted (to death)

devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures

base

[חָרַם] vb. slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate esp. face—Qal Lv 21:18 (H)

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2763a [חָרַם] Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate H2763b חָרַם slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate esp. face

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2763 charam khaw-ram'

a primitive root; to seclude; specifically (by a ban) to

devote to religious uses (especially destruction); physical

and reflexive, to be blunt as to the nose:--make accursed,

consecrate, (utterly) destroy, devote, forfeit, have a flat

nose, utterly (slay, make away).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָרַם (cha.ram) — to devote/destroy.

1) to ban, devote, destroy utterly, completely destroy, dedicate for destruction, exterminate

1a) (Hiphil)

1a1) to prohibit (for common use), ban

1a2) to consecrate, devote, dedicate for destruction

1a3) to exterminate, completely destroy

1b) (Hophal)

1b1) to be put under the ban, be devoted to destruction

1b2) to be devoted, be forfeited

1b3) to be completely destroyed

חָרַם (cha.ram) — to slash.

1) to split, slit, mutilate (a part of the body)

1a) (Qal) to mutilate

1b) (Hiphil) to divide

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-Impv-2mp | Suff — Conjunction · verb hiphil imperative second person masculine plural · suffix
HC/Vhv2mp/Sp3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
אַל־'al- may not H408 Particle
724× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means not or nothing, used to express negation, as in the phrase do not or let not be.
Amplified meaning
not any, none
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

408 'al al

a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified

negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,

nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing

(worth), rather than.

see HEBREW for 03808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַל (al) — not.

1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)

1a) do not, let not (with a verb)

1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)

1c) not, no (with substantive)

1d) nothing (as substantive)

Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
תְּהִי־te.hi- it belong H1961 Verb · Qal · jussive third person feminine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Juss-3fs — Verb · Qal · jussive third person feminine singular
HVqj3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
לָ֖הּlah to it H9034 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָ (ha) — her.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3fs
come to it from [the] end open granaries its pile up it like heaps and totally destroy it may not it belong to it a remnant
שְׁאֵרִֽית׃she.'e.Rit a remnant H7611 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
66× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for remnant refers to what is left after something has been destroyed or taken away, like the Israelites who survived the Babylonian exile. It appears in books like Isaiah and Jeremiah. The concept of a remnant is key to God's plan for his people.
Amplified meaning
remnant, what is left
Tyndale gloss
remnant
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁאֵרִית (sh'eriyth) refers to a remnant or remainder, indicating what is left over or surviving. It encompasses concepts like residue, descendants, and what has escaped. The word is derived from a root meaning to remain, and it is used in contexts related to survival or continuation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁאֵרִית n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7611 שְׁאֵרִית rest, residue, remnant, remainder

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7611 sh'eriyth sheh-ay-reeth'

from 7604; a remainder or residual (surviving, final)

portion:--that had escaped, be left, posterity, remain(-der),

remnant, residue, rest.

see HEBREW for 07604

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁאֵרִית (she.e.rit) — remnant.

1) rest, residue, remainder, remnant

1a) rest, what is left

1b) remainder, descendants

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

rem'-nant: Remnant is the translation of yether, "what is left over" (De 3:11; 28:54; Jos 12:4, etc.); of she'-ar, "the rest" (Ezr 3:8 the King James Version; Isa 10:20,21,22; 11:16, etc.; Ze 1:4); more frequently of she'-erith, "residue," etc. (2Ki 19:4,31; 2Ch 34:9; Ezr 9:14; Isa 14:30, etc.). As the translation of the last-mentioned two words, "remnant" has a special significance in the prophecies of Isaiah, as denoting "a holy seed," or spiritual kernel, of…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate