Acts 27:18 — Word Study
N1904σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
BSAViolentlysphodrōs△ [with intense storming] nowde being storm-tossedcheimazō△▸ [violently, with extreme force, exceedingly, to a high degree] of usegō on theho next [day]hexēs [following, succeeding] a jettison of cargoekbolē△ [throw overboard, lighten the ship, freight, ship's load] they were making;poieō▸ [to do, to make]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| σφοδρῶς | Violently | Adverb |
| δὲ | now | Conjunction |
| χειμαζομένων | being storm-tossed | Verb, present, passive |
| ἡμῶν | of us | Personal pronoun, first person, genitive |
| τῇ | on the | Article, dative, singular |
| ἑξῆς | next [day] | Adverb |
| ἐκβολὴν | a jettison of cargo | Noun, accusative, singular |
| ἐποιοῦντο· | they were making; | Verb, imperfect, middle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo. |
| KJV | And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship; |
| ASV | And as we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw the freight overboard; |
| YLT | And we, being exceedingly tempest-tossed, the succeeding [day] they were making a clearing, |
| WEB | As we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw things overboard. |
| BBE | And, still fighting the storm with all our strength, the day after they made a start at getting the goods out of the ship; |
Where they part company is σφοδρῶς — see How Translations Differ.
The structure shows a main clause followed by details of manner and time, leading to the action taken by the men.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbχειμάζω
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 8 occur nowhere else in the New Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — ὁ, the commonest word in the Greek New Testament, stands 19,867 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Acts 27:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Storm at Seagenerated
Acts 27:18 describes a perilous moment during Paul's sea voyage when the ship was violently tossed by a storm. The crew, facing imminent danger, began to jettison the cargo to lighten the load and increase their chances of survival. This event illustrates the severity of the storm and the desperate measures taken in response to it, similar to other accounts of perilous journeys in the Bible, such as in Jonah 1:5.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 107:27 | They reeled and staggered like drunkards, and all their skill was useless. |
| 2 | Acts 27:19–38 | On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands. |
| 3 | Jonah 1:5 | The sailors were afraid, and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the ship’s cargo into the sea to lighten the load. But Jonah had gone down to the lowest part of the vessel, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep. |
| 4 | Matthew 16:26 | What will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? |
| 5 | Luke 16:8 | The master commended the dishonest manager because he had acted shrewdly. For the sons of this age are more shrewd in dealing with their own kind than are the sons of light. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — σφοδρῶς, sphodrōsgenerated
The adverb σφοδρῶς (sphodrōs) means 'violently' or 'exceedingly.' It conveys a sense of high intensity or extreme force, describing the severity of the storm that the crew faced.
This term is used in the New Testament to emphasize the intensity of an action, as seen here in Acts 27:18. It captures the overwhelming nature of the storm that drove the crew to desperate measures.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo.' Other versions, such as the KJV and ASV, use 'exceedingly tossed' to convey the same intensity.
Where translations differ, they do so primarily in the rendering of χειμαζομένων — with exceedingly used by the KJV and others, while the BSB opts for violently. The word ἑξῆς has a similar split, with most translations using next and others choosing succeeding.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb ἐποιοῦντο, they were making, which connects to the participial phrase χειμαζομένων, being storm-tossed. The adverb σφοδρῶς modifies the verb, indicating the manner of being tossed.
The structure of the sentence reveals a sequence of events: the crew was tossed violently, leading to their action of jettisoning the cargo the following day.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In Acts 27:18, the Greek word ἐποιοῦντο· (epoiēnto), derived from the lemma ποιέω (poieō), is used, meaning 'they were making.' This verb corresponds to the Hebrew word עָשָׂה (asah), which also means 'do' or 'make.' The choice of this term conveys a sense of active engagement in the process of jettisoning cargo, emphasizing the urgency and necessity of their actions during the storm.
The use of ποιέω in the Septuagint appears in various contexts, reinforcing the idea of creation or action. In this verse, it highlights the drastic measures taken by the crew in response to their perilous situation, illustrating the severity of their circumstances as they sought to save themselves.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Acts 27:18 recounts how the ship was tossed violently by a storm, prompting the crew to throw their cargo overboard the next day to save the ship. This illustrates the extreme conditions they faced and their desperate attempts to survive.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the ship was subjected to extreme turbulence and danger due to the storm, which was severe enough to threaten their safety.
They jettisoned the cargo to lighten the ship, which was a common emergency measure during severe storms to improve stability and buoyancy.
This event teaches about the importance of taking decisive action in the face of danger and the lengths to which people will go to ensure survival.
Similar to other biblical accounts, such as Jonah's experience, it highlights the chaos and fear associated with storms at sea, and the reliance on divine intervention.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some storms in my life that have felt overwhelming, and how did I respond?
- How can I learn to trust God in difficult situations like the crew did during the storm?
- What does this passage teach about the importance of community and teamwork in times of crisis?
- In what ways can I prepare myself spiritually for unexpected challenges?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
John Chrysostom comments on this passage, reflecting on the severity of the storm and the desperate measures taken by the crew.
Then, severe the storm, deep the darkness: and that they may not forget, the vessel also goes to pieces, and the corn is flung out and all beside, that they may not have it in their power after this to be shameless.
Chrysostom highlights the severity of the storm and the consequences faced by the crew, emphasizing the lesson of humility and reliance on God.
Early Church Fathers on Acts 27 →Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Acts 27:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest,.... Sometimes being lifted up as it were to the heavens, and then presently sinking down, as if they were going into the bottom of the sea; such a
Read John Gill on Acts 27 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship; And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship, [ ekboleen epoiounto (
Read Robert Jamieson on Acts 27 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleCasting out the merchandise or lading which was in it, that the ship, being so much lighter, might not so readily strike upon a rock, or be swallowed up of the quicksands, it drawing so much the less water.
Read Matthew Poole on Acts 27 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments18 And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship; Ver. 18. And being exceedingly tossed] Seneca speaking of such as have lived long to little purpose, not improving their time and their talents, he saith that their lives are like ships in a storm, mullam iactati sunt, non navigarunt, tossed much, but have sailed nothing; or like a mill stone, that is ever moving, but removes not at all; or as when men make imperfect dashes, they are said to scribble, but do not write.
Read John Trapp on Acts 27 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) The next day they lightened the ship.—St. Luke uses the technical term for throwing the bulk of the cargo overboard. They effected, in this way, the relief of the ship from the imminent danger of sinking. The act shows that, in spite of the undergirding, leakage was still going on. The cargo, as coming from Alexandria, probably consisted largely of corn; but see Note on Acts 27:38.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Acts 27 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Lightened the ship] Of what, we know not; but it was probably cumbrous wares, by which the deck was thronged, and which were prejudicial to the due trim of the vessel.
Read AdamClarke on Acts 27 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest] Better, with R. V. “and as we laboured exceedingly with the storm.” The storm waxed in violence.the next day they lightened the ship] This is not as precise as the original. Read “they set about throwing the cargo overboard.” The verb is an imperfect, and the noun is used in classical Greek for “a cargo cast forth.” The ship was probably carrying corn from Alexandria to Italy, and if so the load would be a heavy one and its removal a great relief to the struggling vessel. On the African supply of corn to Italy cp. Juv. Sat. v. 118 seqq.
Read Cambridge on Acts 27 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey lightened the ship - By throwing out a part of the cargo.
Read Albert Barnes on Acts 27 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo.
As we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw things overboard.
We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo.
The next day, because we were violently battered by the storm, they began throwing the cargo overboard,
Tyndale line
And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship;
And as we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw the freight overboard;
And as we laboured exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw the freight overboard;
And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship;
The next day when we were tossed with an exceeding tempest, they lightened the ship.
Strictly literal
But the storm being extremely violent on us, on the next day they threw cargo overboard,
And we, being exceedingly tempest-tossed, the succeeding [day] they were making a clearing,
And we, being exceedingly storm-tossed, the succeeding [day] they were making a clearing,
We took such a violent battering by the storm that the next day they began throwing the cargo overboard.
From the Latin
And we being mightily tossed with the tempest, the next day they lightened the ship.
Simplified
The following day as we were violently thrown about by the storm, the crew started throwing the cargo overboard.
And, still fighting the storm with all our strength, the day after they made a start at getting the goods out of the ship;
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the Nestle 1904 treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The earliest translations — Latin and Syriac
Every translation is an argument about meaning made by someone who had to commit to one. These two were made while the Greek was still a living language, and they are the oldest opinions we have about what this verse says.
Valida autem nobis tempestate jactatis, sequenti die jactum fecerunt :
Jerome revised the Old Latin against the Greek from AD 382; the Latin west read this text for a thousand years.
ܘܟܕ ܩܡ ܠܗ ܥܠܝܢ ܟܝܡܘܢܐ ܩܫܝܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܫܕܝܢ ܡܐܢܝܢ ܒܝܡܐ
The Bible of the Syriac-speaking church, in the language nearest to the Aramaic Jesus spoke.
Shown verse by verse rather than word by word: aligning a Greek word to its Latin or Syriac counterpart automatically would be guesswork, and a wrong alignment is worse than none.
The Greek editions compared — what the manuscripts actually say
Eight printed editions of the Greek New Testament, side by side. Where they agree the wording is settled; where a word is missing from an edition it is marked, so you can see the difference rather than take it on trust.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The standard critical text of the New Testament.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The previous edition, still widely cited.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The Society of Biblical Literature edition, freely licensed.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The edition that turned scholarship toward the earliest manuscripts.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
An independent critical text built from the oldest witnesses then known.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
A recent critical edition following documentary evidence closely.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The reading of the majority of surviving manuscripts.
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο·
The printed tradition behind the King James Version.
A witness that read differently would show its variant word here, marked.
Word by word, across the editions
Every edition agrees. All 8 printed editions — Nestle-Aland 28, Nestle-Aland 27, SBLGNT, Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, Tyndale House 2017, Textus Receptus (KJV), Byzantine majority — carry every word of this verse, in the same order, with no difference that any translator would render differently.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Greek New Testament — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Acts 27:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Greek lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. Imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, the full Liddell-Scott-Jones, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate LSJ, Robinson and Packard on the Greek, Webster and Cawdrey on the English the translators were using. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
σφοδρῶς (sphodrōs) is an adverb meaning 'exceedingly' or 'violently.' It is derived from a root that conveys intensity and covers a range of meanings from excessive to vehement. The New Testament uses it in Acts 27:18. Liddell-Scott notes its broader usage in classical literature, emphasizing its violent connotations.
σφοδρῶς (sphodrōs) — violently.
Included with: σφοδρ-ός, ά, όν,
also ός, όν [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— vehement, violent, excessive (used by [Refs 8th c.BC+] adverb, see.[Refs 5th c.BC+]; καῦμα, γυμνάσιον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἱ σ. ἡδοναί [Refs]; ἀλγήματα τοῦ σώματος πάνυ σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; δίψος σ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; δίψα σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ταραχὴ-οτέρα [Refs 1st c.BC+]; τὸ σ. vehemence, excess, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
2. of men, violent, impetuous, νέος καὶ σ., σ. καὶ νέος, [Refs]; φιλότιμοι καὶ σ. [Refs]; σ. ἐφ᾽ ὅτι ὁρμήσειεν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, active, zealous, ὑπηρέται [Refs]; strong, robust, ἡ γεωργία σ. τὸ σῶμα παρέχει [Refs]
σφοδρῶς
sphodros
adverb from the same as 4970; very much:--exceedingly.
see GREEK for 4970
σφοδρῶς
Adv
exceedingly
σφοδρῶς sphodrōs 1x
exceedingly, vehemently, Acts 27:18*
Adv — Adverbadverb — it qualifies the verb, and never changes form.
ADV ADVerb or adverb and particle combined
1 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Ταῦτʼ ἀκούσας Σολόμων ἤλγησε καὶ σφοδρῶς συνεχύθη πάντων αὐτῷ σχεδὸν τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐφʼ οἷς ζηλωτὸς ἦν εἰς μεταβολὴν ἐρχομένων πονηράν.
οἱ δανεισταί· εἰ δὲ ἔχετέ μοι ὡς ἀδελφὸν τοῦτον συνβοηθήσατε , ἀγαπητοί, ὅτι πάνυ σφοδρῶς ἔθλιβε ἡμᾶς οὕτως περὶ ταύτης τῆς ἀνάγκης, καὶ ἡμεῖς οὐκ ὀκνήσομεν. εἴ τι καὶ
δέ (de) is a post-positive particle in Greek, primarily used as a conjunction to connect clauses. It can express contrast (but, on the other hand) or continuation (and, also), and is often used to transition between ideas or to add emphasis. In the New Testament, it appears frequently in various contexts, such as contrasting statements or resuming interrupted discourse, with notable examples in Matthew and 2 Corinthians.
δέ (before vowels δ’; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96),
post-positive conjunctive particle;
copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mt 1:2ff., II Co 6:15, 16, II Pe 1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Ro 3:21, 22, 9:30, I Co 2:6, Ga 2:2, Phl 2:8; in transition to something new, Mt 1:18 2:19, Lk 13:1, Jo 7:14, Ac 6:1, Read the full entry →
δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, ef. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover, (W.§ 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more freq. in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. {On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96; WH. App. Ῥ 146; W.§5,1a.; B. p.10sq.] It is used ἘΠ ΟἹ δὲ univ. by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opp. to a preceding statement: ἐὰν yap ἀφῆτε... ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀφῆτε, Mt. vi. 14 sq.; ἐὰν de ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς κτλ. Mt. vi. 23; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι, Mk. ii. 20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of, —either with strong emphasis: ἐγὼ δέ, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39,44; ἡμεῖς de, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; σὺ δέ, Mt. vi. 6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mk. viii. 29; of δὲ…
Read the full entry →δεῖ. For the conjunctive, as in Mt 26%, cf. P Fay 109° (early i/A.D.) ἐάν σε δῇ (for δέῃ) τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον. “even if you have to pawn your cloak” (Edd.). In P Tebt I. 585° (B.c. 111) we have ἐάν followed by the indicative— ἐὰν δεῖ σε συνπεσεῖν τῶι ᾿Ανικήτωι, σύνπεσαι, ‘if you must meet Anicetus, meet him” (Edd.): cf. Mayser G7. p. 325. Other examples of the verb are l’ Par 461® (B.C. 153) διὸ Kal ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι» P Lille I. 267 (iii.B.c.) περὶ (corr. from πεερὶ) δὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους δεήσει ἐπισχεῖν, P Tebt 11. 3414 (A.p. 140-1) δεήσι ἐπισταλῆναι εἰς δάνε[ι]α σπέρματα κατασπίο]ρᾶς KTA., “ΕἼ will be necessary to send on account of loans of seedcorn for the sowing,” etc., AécheZ 1001" © (Theran Doric —c. B.C. 200) no one may bring forward a proposal ὡς δεείσῃ διαλῦσαι τὸ κοινὸν εἰ τὰς θυσίας, P Flor II. 133" (A.D. 257) ἔδι μὲν ὑμᾶς μηδὲ…
Read the full entry →δέ (de) — then.
δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
I. answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. without preceding μέν,
II.1. adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2. copulative,
II.2. a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν…
δέ
de
a primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and,
etc.:--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
δέ
Cj.
but, on the other hand, and
δέ de 2x
a conjunctive particle, marking the superaddition of a clause, whether in opposition or in continuation, to what has preceded, and it may be variously rendered but, on the other hand, and, also, now, etc.; καὶ δέ, when there is a special superaddition in continuation, too, yea, etc. It sometimes is found at the commencement of the apodosis of a sentence, Acts 11:17. It serves also to mark the resumption of an interrupted discourse, 2 Cor. 2:10; Gal. 2:6
δέ but: conjunctive Particle, with adversative force: it commonly answers to μέν, and may often be rendered by while, whereas, on the other hand, v. μέν:— but μέν is often omitted, δέ being used merely to pass on from one thing to another; ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν, θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Il.; etc.; κινεῖ κραδίην κινεῖ δὲ χόλον Eur.
δέ is often redundant,
to introduce the apodosis, where it may be rendered by then, yet, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I will take it, Il.; so at in Lat., si tu oblitus es, at Dii meminerint Catull.
to resume after interruption caused by a parenthesis, where it may be rendered by I say, now, so then, Hdt.
POSITION of δέ: properly second, being often put between the Art. and Subst., the prep. and case.
Conj — Conjunctionconjunction — it joins clauses, and never changes form.
CONJ CONJunction or conjunctive particle
2,937 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 15 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 2,787 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
χειμάζω (cheimazō) is derived from the word for winter, χείμα (cheima), and means to be exposed to winter cold or to be storm-tossed. It covers a range of meanings from enduring winter conditions to being driven by a storm. The New Testament uses it in Acts 27:18 to describe being tossed by a tempest.
χειμάζω
(< χεῖμα, winter cold)
[in LXX: Pr 26:10 (†) * ;]
to expose to winter cold, go into winter quarters.
to drive with storm; pass., to be driven with storm, tempest-tossed: Ac 27:18.†
χειμάζω (cheimazō) — be storm-tossed.
χειμ-άζω
(future -άσω[Refs 4th c.BC+]:—transitive, expose to the winter cold: found only in passive, to be exposed thereto, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; pass the winter, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of trees, live through the winter, χειμασθέντα [δένδρα] [Refs]
2. intransitive, pass the winter, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: of armies, go into winter quarters, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. raise a storm or tempest, θεοῦ τοιαῦτα χειμάζοντος [Refs 5th c.BC+]: impersonal, ἐχείμαζε ἡμέρας τρεῖς the storm continued, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χειμάσει there will be stormy weather, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
III. with accusative, drive forth or away, of a storm, ἔξω χ. [τοὺς μύας] [Refs]:—passive, to be driven by a storm, overtaken by it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
χειμάζω
cheimazo
from the same as 5494; to storm, i.e. (passively) to labor under a
gale:--be tossed with tempest.
see GREEK for 5494
χειμάζομαι
v.
I am storm-tossed
χειμάζω cheimazō 1x
to excite a tempest, toss with a tempest; pass. to be storm-tossed, Acts 27:18*
χειμάζω from χεῖμα χειμάζω, φυτ. -άσω to pass the winter, opp. to θερίζω, Ar., Xen., etc.:—of armies, to go into winter-quarters, to winter, Lat. hiemare, Hdt., Xen.
to raise a storm or tempest, θεοῦ τοιαῦτα χειμάζοντος Soph.; ὅταν χειμάζῃ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Xen.:—then,
impers., like ὕει, νίφει, ἐχείμαζε ἡμέρας τρεῖς (in imperf. sense) the storm continued for three days, Hdt.
c. acc. to agitate or distress like a storm, Soph.:— Pass. to be driven by a storm, suffer from it, Thuc.; χειμασθεὶς ἀνέμῳ id. Thuc.: metaph. to be tempest-tost, distressed, esp. of the state considered as a ship, Eur., Ar.; also of single persons, Trag., Plat.
Verb-PPP-GPM — Verb · present · passive · participle · genitive · plural · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked plural masculine.
V-PPP-GPM Part of Speech: Verb Tense: Present Voice: Passive Mood: Participle Case: Genitive Number: Plural Gender: Masculine
1 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
ἐγώ, gen, etc., ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ (enclitic μου, μοι, με), pl. ἡμεῖς, -ῶν, -ῖν, -ᾶς,
pers. pron.
I.
ἐγώ, gen. ἐμοῦ, enclitic pod; dat. ἐμοί, enclitic μοί; acc. ἐμέ, enclitic μέ; plur. ἡμεῖς, ete.; personal pronoun, J. 1. The nominatives ἐγώ and ἡμεῖς, when joined to a verb, generally have force and emphasis, or indicate antithesis, as Mt. iii. 11; Mk.i. 8; Lk. iii. 16 (ἐγὼ pev... ὁ δέ); Mt. iii. 14 (ἐγὼ... ἔχω, καὶ σύν ; V. 22, 28, 39, and often; ἡμεῖς, contrasted with God, Mt. vi. 12; ἡμεῖς x. of Φαρισαῖοι, Mt. ix. 14; cf. W. § 22,6. But sometimes they are used where there is no emphasis or antithesis in them, as Mt. x. 16; Jn. x. 17; and in many edd. in Mk. i. 2; Lk. vii. 27; οἵ. B. §129, 12. ἰδοὺ ἐγώ, 1397, behold me, hereamT: Acts ix.10 (1S. iii. 8). ἐγώ, like 38, Jam: Jn. i. 23; Acts vii. 32, [ef. W.585 (544); B. 125 (109)]. 2. The enclitic (and monosyllabic) gen., dat., and ace. are connected with nouns, verbs, adverbs, but not with prepositions: ἔμπροσθέν pov, Jn. i. 15; ὀπίσω…
Read the full entry →ἐγώ. Deissmann (ZAZ p. 134 ff.) has drawn attention to the parallels to the solemn use of the first personal pronoun in the Fourth Gospel that may be adduced from inscriptions and magical texts. Thus in an inscr. in honour of Isis from Ios, written in ii/iii A.p., the contents of which are preChristian, we find —Elows ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ τ[ύρανν]ος πάσης χόρας.. ἐγὼ νόμους ἀνθρώποις ἐθέμην . . ἐγώ εἰμι Kpdvov θυγάτηρ πρεσβυτάτη α΄. And similarly in the magical papyrus P Lond 4645 (iv/a.p.) (=I. p. 69) ἐγώ εἰμι ὃ ἀκέφαλος δαίμων . . ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια ὁ μεισῶν ἀδικήματα γείνεσθαι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ α΄. With the construction of the phrase τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ; in Jn 24 we may compare BGU IV. 1141°8 (n.c. 14) ἐδίδουν αὐτῷ διαστολὰς μηδὲν αὐτῶι καὶ ἐκείνωι εἶναι : for its meaning see Ε΄. C. Burkitt in 77:5 xiii. p- 594f., where it is rendered, ‘‘ What have I and thou to do with that ?” On the difficult…
Read the full entry →μέ (me) — me.
ἐγώ,
I: pronoun of the first person:—Epic dialect mostly ἐγών before vowels (so in Doric dialect, before consonants, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Boeotian dialect ἱών [Refs 2nd c.AD+]:— strengthened ἔγωγε, I at least, for my part, indeed, for myself (more frequently in Attic dialect than in [Refs 8th c.BC+]: Doric dialect ἐγώνγα [Refs 7th c.BC+]: Boeotian dialect ἱώνγα [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἱώνει [Refs]; ἰώγα [Refs 5th c.BC+]: Laconian dialect and Tarentum dialect ἐγώνη, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II. oblique cases from a different root, genitive ἐμοῦ, enclitic μο; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect ἐμέο, ἐμεῦ, μευ, also ἐμέθεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Aeolic dialect ἔμεθεν [Refs 7th c.BC+]; Doric dialect ἐμέος, ἐμεῦς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Boeotian dialect ἐμοῦς [Refs 6th c.BC+] — _dative_ ἐμοί, enclitic μοι (which may be compared with Sanskrit…
ἐγώ
me
a shorter (and probably originally) from of 1691; me:--I, me, my.
see GREEK for 1691
ἐγώ egō 2x
I, gen., ἐμοῦ [μου], dat., ἐμοί [μοι], acc., ἐμέ [με]
Pron-1GP — Personal pronoun · first person · genitive · pluralgenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked plural.
P-1GP Part of Speech: Personal pronoun Person: first Case: Genitive Number: Plural
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
2,029 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 27 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
The definite article — the commonest word in the Greek New Testament at 19,867 occurrences. Greek uses it more freely than English does and can drop it deliberately, so its presence and its absence both carry weight for a translator; but no single occurrence carries a message of its own. Here it simply gathers “the things” into one definite bundle.
ὁ, ἡ, τό,
the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article.
As demonstr. pron.
As freq. in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Ac 17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus).
ὁ 435 ὁ tives of quantity, ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place. d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Ro. ix. 11; ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, Ro. xi. 27; 6 λόγος 6 τοῦ σταυροῦ, 1 Co. i. 18; ἡ εἰς Χριστὸν πίστις, Col. ii. 5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, 1 Th. i. 8; τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους, 2 Co. viii. 4; see many other exx. of each usage in W. 131 (124) sqq.; [B. 91 (80) sqq.]. e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (υὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows [W. § 18, 4; B. § 127, 29-31]; as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Jn. ix. 24 [οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρ. 1, Tr mrg. WH); Acts vi. 13; xxii. 26; ὁ λαὸς οὗτος, Mt. xv. 8; 6 vids σου οὗτος, Lk. xv. 30; plur. Lk. xxiv. 17, and numberless other exx.; οὗτος 6 ἄνθρωπος, Lk. xiv. 30; οὗτος ὁ…
Read the full entry →ὃ, ἡ τό. (1) Apart from connexion with μέν or δέ (see below) the demonstrative use of the art. in the NT is confined to a poetical quotation Ac 1778, but it is not uncommon in the papyri, e.g. P Par 45® (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski®, p. 85) τὰ (for ἃ) πράσεις (Δ πράσσεις), P Oxy VIII. 1160! (iii/iv A.D.) Ta (for ἃ) σεσύλληχα (for συνείληχα) δὲ κέρμα {ταν τηρῶ αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν δίκην, “1 am keeping for the trial the money that I have collected” (Ed.). For the distributive Opéev.. - 6 8€, as in 1 Cor7’, cf. P Lond 535 (B.c. 161) (=I. p. 19, U.P.Z. i. p. 239) kal τὰ μὲν ἡμῶν ἐληφότων εἰς τὴν γινομένην ἡμῖν συντάξειν, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι διὰ τὴν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων {(.. ... > παρελκομένων. (2) The use of the art. as a relative, of which there is no trace in the NT, may again be illustrated by the following papyrus citations from ¢c. A.D. 346—P Lond 414® (= II. Ῥ. 292) γεινῴσκιν oe θέλω περὶ τοῦ βρεουίου…
Read the full entry →ὁ (ho) — the/this/who.
ὁ,
ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,
__A demonstrative Pronoun.
__B in Attic dialect, definite or prepositive Article.
__C in Epic dialect, the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nominative masculine and feminine singular and plural, ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codices and most printed books, except when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, α; the nominative forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] in Aeolic dialect accusative to [Refs 8th c.BC+] genitive and dative dual τοῖιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]— In Doric dialect and all other dialects except Attic dialect and Ionic dialect the feminine forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Doric dialect etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶ; the genitive plural τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶ; the genitive…
ὁ ἡ τό
ho
he hay, and the neuter
to to
in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be
supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one,
he, she, it, etc.
ὁ, ἡ, τό
Article
the
ὁ ho 19x
the prepositive article, answering, to a considerable extent, to the English definite article; but, for the principle and facts of its usage, consult a grammar; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ, the one ... the other, Phil. 1:16, 17; Heb. 7:5, 6, 20, 21, 23, 24; pl. some ... others, Mt. 13:23; 22:5, 6; ὁ δέ, but he, Mt. 4:4; 12:48; οἱ δέ, but others, Mt. 28:17; used, in a poetic quotation, for a personal pronoun, Acts 17:28
ὁ the, that
ὁ, ἡ, τό, is
demonstr. Pronoun.
the definite Article.
in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ῀ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖσι, ταῖσι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν.
DEMONSTR. PRONOUN:
joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's famous son, Il.; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— that aged man, id. Il.; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, id. Il.
Art-DSF — Article · dative · singular · femininedative — to, for, with — the one it is done to or by.
Agrees with anything else marked singular feminine.
T-DSF Part of Speech: definite arTicle Case: Dative Number: Singular Gender: Feminine
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
20,685 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 83 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 19,783 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
40 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Τῶν ἄλλων νομοθετῶν οἱ μὲν ἀκαλλώπιστα καὶ γυμνὰ τὰ νομισθέντα παρ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δίκαια διετάξαντο, οἱ δὲ πολὺν ὄγκον τοῖς νοήμασι προσπεριβαλόντες ἐξετύφωσαν τὰ πλήθη μυθικοῖς πλάσμασι τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπικρύψαντες.
ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις καὶ διάταξις τῶν στοιχείων.
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
r βασιλεύοντος Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν Φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιε, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
ιζ Θῶυθ κη ἀπέδοτο Πετεσοῦχος Φίβιος καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τὸ ὕπαρχον αὐτοῖς ἥμισυ περιστερῶνος τοῦ ὄντος ἐν τῶι ἀπὸ βορρᾶ μέρει Παθύρεως χαλκοῦ Γ. ἐπρίατο Ὧρος Νεχούτου.
βασιλευόντων Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιϛ, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
The Greek word ἑξῆς (i.e., *hexēs*) is an adverb meaning 'successively' or 'next in order.' It is derived from the verb ἔχω and is used in the New Testament to indicate sequence, as seen in verses like Luke 7:11 and Acts 21:1. The word can also imply 'thereafter' or 'soon after,' reflecting a temporal relationship.
ἑξῆς
adv.
(< ἔχω),
in order, successively, next: τῇ ἑ. ἡμέρᾳ, Lk 9:37; ἐν τῷ ἑ. (sc. χρόνῳ), soon after, Lk 7:11; τῇ ἑ. (sc. ἡμέρα), Ac 21:1 25:17 27:18.†
ἑξῆς, adv., (fr. ἔχω, fut. ἕξω; cf. ἔχομαί twos to cleave to, come next to, a thing), successively, in order, (fr. Hom. down); 6, 7, τὸ ἑξῆς, the next following, the next in succession: son ἑξῆς ἡμέρα, Lk. ix. 37; elliptically ἐν τῇ ἑξῆς, sc. ἡμέρᾳ, Lk. vii. 11 (here WH txt. Tr txt. L mrg. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς sc. χρόνῳ, soon afterwards); τῇ ἑξῆς, 56. ἡμέρᾳ, Acts xxi. 1; xxv. 17; xxvii. 18.
ἑξῆς. For this word in reierence to ¢27e, as in all its NT occurrences, cf. P Oxy II. 25727 (A.p. 94-5) τοῦ ἑξῆς ἢ (ἔτους), “of the following 8th year,” zd. VII. 10358 (A.D. 143) τοῦ ἑξῆς μηνὸς Φαμενώθ, “of the next month Phamenoth,” and τῇ ἑξῆς (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) following a preceding σήμερον. With the τ. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς (probably =év τῷ ἑξῆς χρόνῳ) ‘soon afterwards’ (RV), in Lk 71} cf. the MGr στὸ ἑξῆς, ‘‘ for the future,” which Thumb (Handbook, p. 328) quotes from Aegina. In P Hamb I. 12! (A.p. 209-10) the heading 4 ἐπίσκεψις ἑξῆς δηλοῦται = ‘the revision is carried on further in this column,” and in 21 the same words = ‘‘ the revision is carried on further in the following column”: see p- 46. The thought of ‘‘in order,” ‘“‘suitably,” appears in such passages as P Par 2648 (B.c. 163-2) (= Selectzons, p- 18) ἵνα, πᾶν τὸ ἑξῆς ἔχουσαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὰ νομιΐζόμενα... ἐπιτελῶμεν, “that, when we have…
Read the full entry →ἑξῆς (hexēs) — next/afterward.
ἑξῆς,
Epic dialect ἑξείης, adverb, Doric dialect ἑξαν (accent unknown), [Refs 3rd c.BC+]:— one after another, in order, in a row, ἑξῆς εὐνάζοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ ἑ. variant in [Refs 4th c.BC+]
__b in Mathematics texts, ἑ. ἀνάλογον in continued proportion, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οἳ ἑ. ἀριθμοί successive numbers, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]Spir.Praef.; γραμμαὶ ἑ. κείμεναι placed in order, [Refs]; τούτου ἑ. γινομένου if this be done continually, [Refs]
2. ἑ. διεξελθεῖν, λέγειν, in a regular, consequential manner, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἑ. λόγος the following argument, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]
3. Grammars, τὸ ἑ. grammatical sequence, opposed to ὑπερβατόν, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; καὶ τὰ ἑ., Latin et cetera, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]
ἑξῆς
hexes
from 2192 (in the sense of taking hold of, i.e. adjoining);
successive:--after, following, X morrow, next.
see GREEK for 2192
ἑξῆς
Adv
next in order, the next day
ἑξῆς ἕξω, fut. of ἔχω one after another, in order, in a row, Hom.: in order, in a regular manner, Plat.
of Time, thereafter, next, Aesch., etc.; ἡ ἑξῆς ἡμέρα the next day, NTest.
c. gen. next to, Ar.; τούτων ἑξῆς next after this, Dem.; c. dat. next to, Plat.
Adv — Adverbadverb — it qualifies the verb, and never changes form.
ADV ADVerb or adverb and particle combined
da (yom; hemera): This common word has caused some trouble to plain readers, because they have not noticed that the word is used in several different senses in the English Bible. When the different uses of the word are understood the difficulty of interpretation vanishes. We note several different uses of the word:
(1) It sometimes means the time from daylight till dark. This popular meaning is easily discovered by the context, e. g. Ge 1:5; 8:22, etc. The marked periods of this daytime were morning, noon and night, as with us. See Ps 55:17. The early hours were sometimes called "the cool of the day" (Ge 3:8). After the exile the day. or daytime was divided into twelve hours and the night into twelve (see
Day
The Jews reckoned the day from sunset to sunset (Lev. 23:32). It was originally divided into three parts (Ps. 55:17). “The heat of the day” (1 Sam. 11:11; Neh. 7:3) was at our nine o’clock, and “the cool of the day” just before sunset (Gen. 3:8). Before the Captivity the Jews divided the night into three watches, (1) from sunset to midnight (Lam. 2:19); (2) from midnight till the cock-crowing (Judg. 7:19); and (3) from the cock-crowing till sunrise (Ex.…
The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (Leviticus 23:32) deriving it from (Genesis 1:5) "the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jews are supposed, like the modern Arabs, to have adopted from an early period minute specifications of the parts of the natural day. Roughly, indeed, they were content to divide it into "morning, evening and noonday," (Psalms 55:17) but when they wished for greater accuracy they pointed to six unequal parts, each of which was again subdivided. These are held to have been -- "the dawn." "Sunrise."…
The day is distinguished into natural, civil, and artificial. The natural day is one revolution of the earth on its axis. The civil day is that, the beginning and the end of which are determined by the custom of any nation. The Hebrews began their day in the evening, Le 23:32; the Babylonians at sunrise; and we begin at midnight. The artificial day is the time of the sun’s continuance above the horizon, which is unequal according to different seasons, on account of the obliquity of the equator. The sacred writers generally divide the day into twelve hours. The sixth hour always ends at noon throughout the year; and the twelfth hour is the last hour before sunset. But in summer, all the hours of the day were longer than in winter, while those of night were shorter. See HOURS, and THREE.
5 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 5 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
εἰ γοῦν οἱ ἀπὸ μονάδος ἄχρι τετράδος ἑξῆς συντεθεῖεν ἀριθμοί, δεκάδα γεννήσουσιν, ἥτις ὅρος τῆς ἀπειρίας τῶν ἀριθμῶν ἐστι, περὶ ὃν ὡς καμπτῆρα εἱλοῦνται καὶ ἀνακάμπτουσι.
καὶ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς ἐροῦμεν.
ἑαυτὸν Ἰσιδώρα Λυσιμάχου ἀργυρίδιον καὶ οὐκ ἀπολαμβάνοντα τούτου κεχρῆσθαι ἐξενεχυρασίᾳ καὶ προσβολῇ καὶ τοῖς ἑξῆς νομίμοις καὶ πάντα ἀπηρτικέναι, ἀπειθούσης δὲ αὐτῆς ἄφιξιν γεγονέναι ἐπὶ Κασκελίου Γεμίνου τοῦ ἐπὶ
Column i … … … κλείδου … … ὑδραγωγός … ἐδάφη … καὶ ἡ ἑξῆς εἰσαγομένη σφραγίς … … … κατοικικῆς ἄρουραι β … τῆς σφραγῖδος ὧν … καὶ
εἶναι αὐτῷ θυγατέρα Ἰουλίαν Γαϊανὴν ἧς καὶ παρέθετο δέλτον προφεσσίωνος ἐπὶ σφραγίδων ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑξῆς κβ ἔτους. ἔδωκεν καὶ γνωστῆρας Οὐαλέριον Βερνικιανόν ανον, Φλάουιον Ἰουλιανόν, Πετρώνιον Κέλερα συγχειρογραφοῦντας αὐτῇ
The Greek word ἐκβολή (ekbolē) is derived from ἐκβάλλω and primarily means a 'throwing out' or 'jettisoning,' particularly of cargo at sea. It encompasses various forms of expulsion or discharge, including banishment and the mouth of a river. In the New Testament, it is notably used in Acts 27:18 to describe the act of throwing cargo overboard.
ἐκ-βολή, -ῆς
(< ἐκβάλλω),
[in LXX: Ex 11:1 (גָּרַשׁ), Jos 1:5 (ἐκβολὴν ποιεῖσθαι, טול hi.), Ez 47:8 (יָצָא)* ;]
a throwing out.
a jettison, a throwing overboard of cargo: Ac 27:18 (cf. Jos, l.c.; and v. Field, Notes, 144 f.).†
ἐκβολή. With the use of ἐκβολὴν ποιεῖσθαι -- “jettison” in Ac 2738, cf. the directions on the back of a mummy-ticket, Pretsigke 2052, ἐκβολὴν ποιῆσαι is ὅρμον κώμης [ΕΙμμαυ : so 20. 1207. In P Hib I. 110 vecto® (c. B.c. 270) the word is found in a very broken context, and in BGU IV. 111618 (B.c. 13) we have ἐπιβολῆς kal ἐγβολῆς. See also CP Herm I. 1271}:}1 (p. 79), and for medical usage cf. Hobart, p. 143. ἐκγαμίζω, ---ἰσκω. Both these verbs now disappear from the true text of the NT, nor does there seem to be evidence for them elsewhere, except for the former in Pandect. Byz. (LS). Μ Ὁ ἔκγονος 193 ἐκδικέω ἔκγονος. ἐκδημέω. In OG/S 90° (Rosetta stone—B.C. 196) ἐκγόνου θεῶν Φιλοπατόρων, Dittenberger renders ἐν by ‘‘//é7,’’ and compares the restoration in 26. 917, but Wilcken (Archiv iii. p: 321) does not think é suitable in a pure Greek inscr. and prefers τοῦ é[k βασιλέως] IIrod. κτὰ.…
Read the full entry →ἐκβολή (ekbolē) — jettisoning.
ἐκβολ-ή, ἡ,
(ἐκβάλλω) throwing out, ψήφων ἐ. casting the votes out of the urn, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
2. jettisoning of cargo, [NT+4th c.BC+] (but simply, unloading, [Refs] casting out of it, getting rid of it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. expulsion, banishment, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; dislodgement, ejection, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
II.2. divorce, repudiation, γυναικός [Refs 4th c.AD+]
III. letting fall or drop, δακρύων ἐκβολαί [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. [ὀδόντων] casting or shedding of teeth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
IV. expulsion of a foetus, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.2. ἐ. σίτου the time when the corn comes into ear, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.3. shoot, καυλοῦ [Refs 1st c.AD+]
V. putting out of a joint, dislocation, ἐκβολαὶ τῶν ἄρθρων [Refs 1st c.AD+]
VI. putting forth, exposing, μαστῶν [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
ἐκβολή
ekbole
from 1544; ejection, i.e. (specially) a throwing overboard of the
cargo:--+ lighten the ship.
see GREEK for 1544
ἐκβολή, ῆς, ἡ
n.f.
a throwing out, a jettisoning
ἐκβολή ekbolē 1x
a casting out; especially, a throwing overboard of a cargo, Acts 27:18*
ἐκβολή ἐκβολή, ἡ, ἐκβάλλω a throwing out, ψήφων ἐκβ. turning the votes out of the urn, Aesch.
a throwing the cargo overboard, id. Aesch.
ejectment, banishment, id. Aesch., Plat.
a letting fall, δακρύων Eur.
a bringing forth:— ἐκβ. σίτου the time when the corn comes into ear, Thuc.
(from intr. signf. of ἐκβάλλω) a going out, outlet, Lat. exitus, ἐκβ. ποταμοῦ the discharge of a river from between mountains, Hdt.: a mountain-pass, id. Hdt.: the mouth of a river, Thuc.
ἐκβ. λόγου a digression, id. Thuc.
(from Pass.), that which is cast out, ἐκβ. δικέλλης earth cast or scraped up by a hoe or mattock, Soph.; οὐρεία ἐκβολή children exposed on the mountains, Eur.
a cargo cast overboard, ἐκβολαὶ νεώς wrecked seamen, id. Eur.
Noun-ASF — Noun · accusative · singular · feminineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular feminine.
N-ASF Part of Speech: Noun Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Feminine
1 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
περὶ δὲ Κελένδεριν τῆς Κιλικίας γενόμενος ἐνεδοίαζεν ἤδη περὶ τοῦ οἴκαδε πλοῦ δεινῶς τῇ ἐκβολῇ τῆς μητρὸς λελυπημένος, καὶ τῶν φίλων οἱ μὲν ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ταῦτά πῃ καραδοκοῦντα ἀνέχειν, οἱ δὲ μὴ διαμέλλειν τὸν οἴκαδε πλοῦν·
ὡς καὶ ἔτι ἄνωθεν εἴρηται … … σε τοὺς παστοφόρους … … ἐκβολὴν πεποιῆσθαι α … … ου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ ἀκολούθως … … νομικῆι βύβλωι λεγομένοις
αἰγιαλοφυλακίαν παρὰ Πεταῦτος κωμογραμματέως Πτολεμαίδος Ὅρμου καὶ ἄλλων κωμῶν. αἰτούμενος ὑπὸ σοῦ ὀνόματα εἰς ἐκβολὴν ἐργατῶν τῶν ὀφειλόντων ἀπεργάζεσθαι τὰ χωματικὰ ἔργα τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος κε ἔτους Αὐρηλίου Κομμόδου Ἀντωνείνου
δραχμὰς ἑκατόν , τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἀπολήμψεσθαι ἅμα τῇ ἐν Ὀξυρυγχείτῃ ἀπὸ τῆς Τεβεννούθεως ἐκβολῇ. παρεχέτωσαν οὖν οἱ νεναυλωκότες τὸν σκαφοπάκτωνα Δημητρίῳ πρὸς ἐμβολὴν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τοῦ ἑξῆς μηνὸς
ποιέω is a Greek verb meaning 'to make' or 'to do,' with a wide range of applications including creating, producing, or performing actions. It appears frequently in the New Testament, often in contexts relating to God's creative acts or human actions, such as making sacrifices or preparing feasts. Notably, it can also imply causing something to happen or fulfilling a purpose. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
ποιέω, -ῶ,
[in LXX for a great variety of words, but chiefly for עשׂה;]
to make, produce, create, cause: c. acc. rei, Mt 17:4, Mk 9:5, Jo 9:11, Ac 9:39, Ro 9:20, al.; of God as Creator (c. acc. pers. also), Mt 19:4, Mk 10:6, Lk 11:40, Ac 4:24, He 1:2, al.; like Heb. עשׂה, absol. = ἐργάζομαι, to work, Mt 20:12 (cf. Read the full entry →
ποιέω, -@ 4 ποιεω 14; ἱμάτια, Acts ix. 39; ναούς, Acts xix. 24; σκηνάς, Mt xvii. 4; Mk. ix. 5; Lk. ix.33; τύπους, Acts vii. 43; πηλόν, Jn. ix. 11, 14; πλάσμα, Ro. ix. 20; ace. to some interpreters (also W. 256 n.! (240 n.2)) ὁδὸν ποιεῖν, to make a path, Mk. ii. 23 RG T Tr txt. WH txt. (so that the meaning is, that the disciples of Christ made a path for themselves through the standing grain by plucking the heads; see ὁδοποιέω, fin. If we adopt this interpretation, we must take the ground that Mark does not give us the true account of the matter, but has sadly corrupted the narrative received from others; [those who do accept it, however, not only lay stress on the almost unvarying lexical usage, but call attention to the fact that the other interpretation (see below) finds the leading idea ex. pressed in the par ticiple—an idiom apparently foreign to the N. T. (see W. 353 (381)), and to…
Read the full entry →ποιέω the sheep” (Edd.), 74. I. 1138 (ii/A.D.) εὖ ποιήσεις ἀγοράσεις pot (δραχμὰς) B. In 26. VI. 929%27 (ii/iii Δ...) καλῶς ποιήσεις is followed first by a part. ἀπαιτήσας, and then by ἀποκαταστῆσαι. The phrase μὴ ἄλλως ποιήσεις is used in cases of urgency as in the letter already quoted, 76. II. 294}" (A.D. 22) μὴ οὖν ἄλλως ποιήσις, ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸς οὕπω οὐδὲ ἐνήλεπα (= ἐναλήλιφα sc. ἐμαυτὸν) ἕως ἀκούσω φάσιν παρὰ σοῦ περὶ ἁπάντων, ‘be sure to do this; Iam not so much as anointing myself until I hear word from you on each point ” (Edd.). For the strong sense of ποιέω, ‘‘am effective,” as in the “‘working”’ of charms, cf. P Osl I. 141 (iv/a.bD.) εἰς πάντα ποιῶν, with the editors note. In P Oxy XII. 1480! (a.p. 32) πεπόητε εἰς τὸν ἐκλογιστήν, instead of the editors’ rendering ‘‘ he has made it (a delay spoken of) as far as the eclogistes is concerned (?),” Olsson (Papyrusbriefe, p. 75)…
Read the full entry →ποιέω (poieō) — to do/make: do.
ποιέω,
Doric dialect ποιϝέω [Refs], etc.: Epic dialect imperfect ποίεον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; contraction ποίει [Refs]; Ionic dialect ποιέεσκον [Refs 5th c.BC+]future ποιήσω: aorist ἐποίησα, Epic dialect ποίησα [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect πεποίηκα:—middle, Ionic dialect imperfect ποιεέσκετο [Refs 5th c.BC+]: future ποιήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist ἐποιησάμην, Epic dialect ποι- [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect πεποίημαι in middle sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, future ποιηθήσομαι (μετα-) [Refs 4th c.BC+], see above; πεποιήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐποιήθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect πεποίημαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—Attic dialect ποῶ [Refs], etc., is guaranteed by metre in Trag. and Comedy texts, as ποῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+], and found in codex Laur. of [Refs 5th c.BC+] (ποήσω), 82.9 (ποεῖ), 154.7 (ἐποησάτην), etc.; but ποι- is always written before -οι, -ου, -ω in…
Read the full entry →ποιέω
poieo
apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do (in
a very wide application, more or less direct):--abide, + agree,
appoint, X avenge, + band together, be, bear, + bewray, bring (forth),
cast out, cause, commit, + content, continue, deal, + without any
delay, (would) do(-ing), execute, exercise, fulfil, gain, give, have,
hold, X journeying, keep, + lay wait, + lighten the ship, make, X
mean, + none of these things move me, observe, ordain, perform,
provide, + have purged, purpose, put, + raising up, X secure, shew, X
shoot out, spend, take, tarry, + transgress the law, work, yield.
Compare 4238.
see GREEK for 4238
ποιέω
v.
I do, make
ποιέω poieō 568x
pluperf., πεποιήκειν, to make, form, construct, Mt. 17:4; Mk. 9:5; Jn. 2:15; of God, to create, Mt. 19:4; Acts 4:24; to make, prepare a feast, etc., Mt. 22:2; Mk. 6:21; met. to make, establish, ratify, a covenant, Heb. 8:9; to make, assume, consider, regard, Mt. 12:33; to make, effect, bring to pass, cause to take place, do, accomplish, Read the full entry →
ποιέω Att. Poets often use the penult. short, as ποιῶ, ποιεῖν, etc., which are often written ποῶ, ποεῖν, etc., as in Lat. poeta, poesis. the perfect passive is also used in middle sense Used in two general senses, to make and to do.
to make, produce, create, in Hom. often of building, π. δῶμα, τεῖχος, etc.; of smith's work, π. σάκος Il.; of works of art, id. Il., etc.; ποιεῖν τι ἀπὸ ξύλου to make something of wood, Hdt.; π. πλοῖα ἐξ ἀκάνθης id. Hdt.; so, c. gen., π. νηὸν λίθου id. Hdt.; φοίνικος αἱ θύραι πεποιημέναι Xen.:—Mid., οἰκία ποιήσασθαι to build them houses, Il.; also, to have a thing made, get it made, Hdt., Dem.
to make, create, ἕτερον φίλιππον ποιήσετε Dem.
Read the full entry →Verb-IMI-3P — Verb · imperfect · middle · indicative · third person · pluralimperfect middle indicative — a continuing action in past time.
V-IMI-3P Part of Speech: Verb Tense: Imperfect Voice: Middle Mood: Indicative Person: third Number: Plural
579 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 194 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 566 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Counted over the 1,563 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
Ἓξ δὲ ἡμέραις δημιουργηθῆναί φησι τὸν κόσμον, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ προσεδεῖτο χρόνων μήκους ὁ ποιῶν — ἅμα γὰρ πάντα δρᾶν εἰκὸς θεόν, οὐ προστάττοντα μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ διανοούμενον —, ἀλλ’ ἐπειδὴ τοῖς γινομένοις ἔδει τάξεως.
πρὸς ταύτην οὖν τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐξέτασιν τοὺς ἀναγνωσομένους παρακαλῶ·
ἀκριβεύεσθαι οὖν ὀφείλομεν, ἀδελφοί, περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν, ἵνα μὴ ὁ πονηρὸς παρείσδυσιν πλάνης ποιήσας ἐν ἡμῖν ἐκσφενδονήσῃ ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν.
καὶ … χαίρειν καὶ ἐρρωμένοις διευτυχεῖν. ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρίστην μνείαν ποιούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς ἐν Πηλουσίωι θεοῖς. καλῶς ποιήσεις διαλύσας Ἁρκοννῆσιν καὶ Ψενανοῦπιν καὶ
ϛ καὶ ἱερὰς βασιλεῦσιν ἀργυρίου ἐπισήμου δραχμὰς ρκ καὶ μηθὲν ἧσσον ἐπάναγκον αὐτῷ ἔστω ποιεῖν κατὰ τὰ προγεγραμμένα. Ἑρμίας ὁ παρὰ Πανίσκου κεχρημάτικα.
ἀριστερὸν τετρημένον πυροῦ ἀρτάβας τεσσαράκοντα ἓξ κριθῆς ἑξήκοντα ἐννέα , ἴσους ἀτόκους, ὧν ἀπόδοσιν ποιησάτω ἐν μηνὶ Παχὼν τοῦ αὐτοῦ ιε ἔτους, καὶ ἀποτεισάτω ἑκάστης ἀρτάβης πυροῦ ἧς ἐὰν