Isaiah 46:8 — Word Study
WLCזִכְרוּ־ זֹ֖את וְהִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ הָשִׁ֥יבוּ פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים עַל־ לֵֽב׃
BSARememberzâkar [to recall, bring to mind] thiszôʼth and be braveʼîysh△ [show yourselves men, act with courage] takeshûwb it toʻal heartlêb [to your inner being, with your feelings and will] you transgressorspâshaʻ [rebels, those who break away from authority, sinners]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| זִכְרוּ־ | remember | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
| זֹ֖את | this | Particle |
| וְהִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ | and pluck up courage | Conjunction, verb hithpael imperative second person masculine plural |
| הָשִׁ֥יבוּ | bring [it] back | Verb, Hiphil, imperative second person masculine plural |
| פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים | O rebels | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| לֵֽב׃ | heart | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Remember this and be brave; take it to heart, you transgressors! |
| KJV | Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors. |
| ASV | Remember this, and show yourselves men; bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors. |
| YLT | Remember this, and shew yourselves men, Turn [it] back, O transgressors, to the heart. |
| WEB | “Remember this, and show yourselves men. Bring it to mind again, you transgressors. |
| BBE | Keep this in mind and be shamed; let it come back to your memory, you sinners. |
Where they part company is in the phrasing of the call to action, though the essential meaning remains consistent.
The verse has a main clause followed by imperative phrases, creating a direct call to action.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָכַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 46:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Call to Remember and Be Bravegenerated
Isaiah 46:8 urges transgressors to remember their ways and to be courageous as they turn back to God. This verse emphasizes the importance of recalling God's past deeds and the need for a change of heart, as seen in the surrounding verses that highlight God's uniqueness and sovereignty over all creation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 44:18–21 | They do not comprehend or discern, for He has shut their eyes so they cannot see and closed their minds so they cannot understand. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 32:29 | If only they were wise, they would understand it; they would comprehend their fate. |
| 3 | Psalm 115:8 | Those who make them become like them, as do all who trust in them. |
| 4 | Psalm 135:18 | Those who make them become like them, as do all who trust in them. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 10:8 | But they are altogether senseless and foolish, instructed by worthless idols made of wood! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — זָכַר, zikh.ru-generated
The verb זָכַר (zakhár) is an imperative form meaning 'to remember' and is built from a root that implies recognition. It encompasses recalling thoughts, commemorating significant events, and prompting others to remember.
In this verse, the imperative calls the transgressors to actively recall their actions and the consequences, which is crucial for repentance. The use of the second person masculine plural indicates that the call is directed to a group, emphasizing a collective responsibility.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the rendering of זָכַר as 'remember' and פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים as 'rebels'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb זִכְרוּ (remember) governs the sentence, with two additional verbs following: הִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ (pluck up courage) and הָשִׁ֥יבוּ (bring back).
The structure emphasizes a sequence of actions that the transgressors are to undertake, starting with remembering, then acting courageously, and finally returning to their hearts.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates זָכַר as μνήσθητε (remember), which carries a similar imperative meaning, urging the audience to recall their past actions.
This choice reflects a consistent emphasis on memory and awareness of one's actions, aligning with the Hebrew call for repentance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 46:8 calls transgressors to remember their actions and be courageous in returning to God. It emphasizes the importance of recalling God's past deeds and the need for a change of heart, as indicated in the surrounding verses.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To remember means to actively recall one's actions and their consequences, prompting repentance and a return to God.
Courage is emphasized as it requires strength to confront one's sins and make a change, reflecting a call to moral bravery.
The transgressors are those who have rebelled against God's authority and are being called to return to Him.
The heart symbolizes the inner being, including feelings, will, and intellect, and represents the center of a person's moral and emotional life.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I actively remember God's faithfulness in my life?
- How can I show courage in confronting my own shortcomings?
- What steps can I take to return to a right relationship with God?
- How does understanding my heart help me in my spiritual journey?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to emphasize the need for repentance and returning to God, highlighting its significance in spiritual reflection.
Remember this, and be established, and return, you transgressors, to the heart. Recall the former age, for I am God, and there is no other God, nor is there anyone like me.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 46 →
Behold, there he is, wherever truth is known. He is within the inmost heart, yet the heart has wandered from him. Return to your heart, O you sinners, and hold fast to him who made you. Stand with him, and you shall stand firmly.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 46 →
“Go back, therefore, to the heart,” and if you are believers, you will find Christ there. He himself is speaking to you there. Yes, here am I, shouting my head off—but he, in silence, is doing more teaching.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 46 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 46:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleRemember this,.... Or "these things", as the Syriac version, concerning the matter of which, and the manner in which idols are made; their impotency to move themselves, and their inability to help
Read John Gill on Isaiah 46 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryRemember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 46 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleRemember this, consider these things which I now speak, O ye Israelites, and show yourselves men; act like reasonable creatures, and be not so brutish as to worship your own works; be so wise and courageous as to withstand all solicitation to idolatry. Bring it again to mind; think of this again and again. O ye transgressors; you who have been guilty of this foolish sin; and therefore are obliged to take the better heed that you do not relapse into it again.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 46 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 46:8 Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring [it] again to mind, O ye transgressors.Ver. 8. Remember this.] Suffer me not to press these things so oft upon you to no purpose. And show yourselves men.] Roboramini, Fortify your hearts by the word of God and true reason, renewing your good resolutions oft against this senseless sin of idolatry. Bring it again to mind.] Heb., Bring back to heart, turn short again upon yourselves, recognise your iniquities, and be humbled.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 46 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) Shew yourselves men.—As elsewhere, the prophet’s challenge is couched in the language of irony. The worshippers of idols should at least have the courage of their convictions. A conjectural emendation gives the opposite meaning, Be ye deeply ashamed.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 46 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Show yourselves men] התאששו hithoshashu. This word is rather of doubtful derivation and signification. It occurs only in this place: and some of the ancient interpreters seem to have had something different in their copies. The Vulgate read התבששו hithbosheshu, take shame to yourselves; the Syriac התבוננו hithbonenu, consider with yourselves; the Septuagint στεναξετε perhaps התאבלו hithabbelu, groan or mourn, within yourselves. Several MSS. read התאוששו hithosheshu, but without any help to the sense.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 46 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–11. An appeal to history and prophecy in proof of Jehovah’s divinity. shew yourselves men] R.V. marg. renders “stand fast,” but neither sense is suitable in an address to “rebels.” The verb used (hith’τshβshϋ) is unknown in Hebrew. The rendering of A.V. is based on a common view that it is a denominative from the word for “man” (’ξsh), which is grammatically untenable; that of R.V. marg. connects it with a root found in Aramaic, Assyrian and Arabic, meaning to “be firm.” Of proposed emendations the easiest is Lagarde’s, “be ye ashamed” (hithbτshβshϋ, after Genesis 2:25). Others, hithbτnβnϋ, “consider” (ch. Isaiah 43:18). bring it again to mind] as ch. Isaiah 44:19. O ye transgressors]…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 46 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRemember this - Bear in mind what is now said of the manner in which idols are made. This is addressed, doubtless, to the Jews, and is designed to keep them from idolatry.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 46 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Remember this and be brave; take it to heart, you transgressors!
“Remember this, and show yourselves men. Bring it to mind again, you transgressors.
Remember this and be brave; take it to heart, you transgressors!
Remember this, so you can be brave! Think about it, you rebels!
Tyndale line
Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.
Remember this, and show yourselves men; bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.
Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.
Remember this, and show yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors.
Remember this, and be ashamed: bring it againe to minde, O you transgressers.
Strictly literal
Remember this, and shew yourselves men; call it to mind, ye transgressors.
Remember this, and shew yourselves men, Turn [it] back, O transgressors, to the heart.
Remember this, and show yourselves men, || Turn [it] back, O transgressors, to the heart.
Remember this, and take courage: take it again to heart, O ye transgressors.
Think about these things; never ignore them, you rebels!
From the Latin
Remember this, and be ashamed: return, ye transgressors, to the heart.
Simplified
Remember this, and act like men! Think about it, you rebels!
Keep this in mind and be shamed; let it come back to your memory, you sinners.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the wording of Isaiah 46:8, with the Dead Sea Scrolls also preserving similar phrasing, affirming the text's consistency across witnesses.
זִכְרוּ־ זֹ֖את וְהִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ הָשִׁ֥יבוּ פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים עַל־ לֵֽב׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
זכורו זואת והתאוששו השיבו פושעים על לב
7 words on the leather.
זכרו זאת [והתאששו] השיבו פשעים על לב
6 words on the leather — 1 supplied entire by an editor.
[זכרו] [זאת] אששו [השיבו] [פושעים] [על] [לב]
1 word on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 46:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word זָכַר (zakar) means 'to remember' and is built from a primitive root implying recognition. It covers a range of meanings, including recalling thoughts, commemorating days, and causing others to remember. The entries also note its use in various grammatical forms, such as being remembered or making a memorial.
זָכַר vb. remember
Qal
Human subj.
remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
remember persons (human subj.)
remember י׳
remember
think of or on, call to mind something present or future
remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
remember, with implied mention of, obj.
Subj. י׳ (אלהִם)
remember persons
remember the distress of his servants
their devotion
remember his own covenant (with them)
his mercy
extenuating circumstances
remember sins, idolatries
Niph.
be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
Hiph.
cause to remember, remind
cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
mention
record, only pt.
of sacrifice, make a memorial
base
H2142 זָכַר remember .. Human subj. . remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
. remember persons (human subj.)
. remember י׳
. remember
. think of or on, call to mind something present or future
. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
. remember, with implied mention of, obj.
. Subj. י׳ (אלהִם) . remember persons
. . remember the distress of his servants
. their devotion
. . remember his own covenant (with them)
. his mercy
. extenuating circumstances
. remember sins, idolatries
. . be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
. neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
. . cause to remember, remind
. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
. mention
. record, only pt.
. of sacrifice, make a memorial
2142 zakar zaw-kar'
a primitive root; properly, to mark (so as to be recognized),
i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention; also (as
denominative from 2145) to be male:--X burn (incense), X
earnestly, be male, (make) mention (of), be mindful, recount,
record(-er), remember, make to be remembered, bring (call,
come, keep, put) to (in) remembrance, X still, think on, X
well.
see HEBREW for 02145
זָכַר (za.khar) — to remember.
1) to remember, recall, call to mind
1a) (Qal) to remember, recall
1b) (Niphal) to be brought to remembrance, be remembered, be thought of, be brought to mind
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to remember, remind
1c2) to cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
1c3) to mention
1c4) to record
1c5) to make a memorial, make remembrance
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp
זֹאת (zot) is a demonstrative pronoun and adverb meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone or be used in apposition to a noun, often serving as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns to add emphasis. In poetry, it may function as a relative pronoun, though this is rare.
זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here
standing alone
In appos. to subst.
More oft. as pred.
It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
With prefixes (in special senses)
base
H2063 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone
. In appos. to subst.
. More oft. as pred.
. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
. With prefixes (in special senses)
2063 zo'th zothe'
irregular feminine of 2089; this (often used adverb):--
hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she,
so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing),
thus.
see HEBREW for 02089
זֹאת (zot) — this.
1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such
1a) (alone)
1a1) this one
1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another
1b) (appos to subst)
1b1) this
1c) (as predicate)
1c1) this, such
1d) (enclitically)
1d1) then
1d2) who, whom
1d3) how now, what now
1d4) what now
1d5) wherefore now
1d6) behold here
1d7) just now
1d8) now, now already
1e) (poetry)
1e1) wherein, which, those who
1f) (with prefixes)
1f1) in this (place) here, then
1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter
1f3) thus and thus
1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus
1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side
1f6) on this account
1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Pron — ParticleHTm
אשׁשׁ (iysh) is derived from the root meaning to be a man, emphasizing manliness or masculinity. It appears in contexts like Isaiah 46:8, where it suggests acting in a manly way or showing oneself as a man. The entries collectively highlight its focus on masculinity and championing strength.
[אשׁשׁ] Hithpo. Is 46:8
base
H377 אשׁשׁ
377 'iysh eesh
denominative from 376; to be a man, i.e. act in a manly
way:--show (one) self a man.
see HEBREW for 0376
אשׁשׁ (ish) — be manly.
(Hithpalel) to be a man, show masculinity, champion, great man
Conj | V-r-Impv-2mp — Conjunction · verb hithpael imperative second person masculine pluralHC/Vtv2mp
kur'-aj: Hebrew chazaq, "to show oneself strong" (Nu 13:20; 2Sa 10:12; 1Ch 19:13; 2Ch 15:8; Ezr 10:4; Ps 27:14; 31:24; Isa 41:6); ruach, "spirit," "animus" (Jos 2:11 the King James Version); 'amats, "to be alert" (physically and mentally), "to be agile," "quick," "energetic" (De 31:6,7,23; Jos 1:6,9,18; 10:25;
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
V-Hiphil-Impv-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine pluralHVhv2mp
פָּשַׁע (pasha`) means to rebel or transgress, indicating a break from authority. It encompasses actions like revolt and apostasy, and can also refer to being offended in a relational context. The term appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, suggesting both active rebellion and passive offense.
פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress
Qal
rebel, revolt, of nations
transgress against
Niph. a brother (who has been) offended
base
H6586 פָּשַׁע rebel, transgress
6586 pasha` paw-shah'
a primitive root (identical with 6585 through the idea of
expansion); to break away (from just authority), i.e.
trespass, apostatize, quarrel:--offend, rebel, revolt,
transgress(-ion, -or).
see HEBREW for 06585
פָּשַׁע (pa.sah) — to transgress.
1) to rebel, transgress, revolt
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to rebel, revolt
1a2) to transgress
1b) (Niphal) to be rebelled against
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hart (lebh, lebhabh; kardia): The different senses in which the word occurs in the Old Testament and the New Testament may be grouped under the following heads:
1. Various Meanings:
It represents in the first place the bodily organ, and by easy transition those experiences which affect or are affected by the body. Fear, love, courage, anger, Joy, sorrow, hatred are always ascribed to the heart--especially in the Old Testament; thus courage for which usually ruach is used (Ps 27:14); joy (Ps 4:7); anger (De 19:6, "while his heart is hot," lebhabh); fear (1Sa 25:37); sorrow (Ps 13:2), etc.
Heart
According to the Bible, the heart is the centre not only of spiritual activity, but of all the operations of human life. “Heart” and “soul” are often used interchangeably (Deut. 6:5; 26:16; comp. Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33), but this is not generally the case.
The heart is the “home of the personal life,” and hence a man is designated, according to his heart, wise (1 Kings 3:12, etc.), pure (Ps. 24:4; Matt. 5:8, etc.), upright and righteous (Gen. 20:5, 6;