Isaiah 23:2 — Word Study
WLCדֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃
BSABe silentdâmam [still, mourn] O dwellersyâshab [inhabitants, those who sit] of the coastlandʼîy [isle, island] you merchantsçâchar [traders, sailors] of SidonTsîydôwn [a major city, a hub of trade] whose tradersʻâbar [sailors, those who pass over] have crossedmâlêʼ■ [passed over, traveled] the seayâm [the Mediterranean, a large body of water]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| דֹּ֖מּוּ | be silent | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
| יֹ֣שְׁבֵי | O inhabitants of | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אִ֑י | [the] coastland | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| סֹחֵ֥ר | [the] trader of | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular common |
| צִיד֛וֹן | Sidon | Noun proper |
| עֹבֵ֥ר | [who] passed over | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| יָ֖ם | [the] sea | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מִלְאֽוּךְ׃ | they have filled you | Verb piel perfect third person common plural, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Be silent, O dwellers of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose traders have crossed the sea. |
| KJV | Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. |
| ASV | Be still, ye inhabitants of the coast, thou whom the merchants of Sidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. |
| YLT | Be silent, ye inhabitants of the isle, Trader of Zidon, passing the sea, they filled thee. |
| WEB | Be still, you inhabitants of the coast, you whom the merchants of Sidon that pass over the sea have replenished. |
| BBE | Send out a cry of grief, you men of the sea-land, traders of Zidon, who go over the sea, whose representatives are on great waters; |
The translations agree on the imperative call for silence, reflecting a unified understanding of the verse.
The sentence consists of a main command followed by descriptive phrases that identify the subjects being addressed.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbדָּמַם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 23:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Burden Against Tyregenerated
Isaiah 23:2 is part of a prophecy that describes the devastation of Tyre, a key trading city. The inhabitants and merchants are called to silence in response to the calamity that has befallen their city, emphasizing their grief and loss. This chapter highlights the impact of Tyre's downfall on the surrounding regions, particularly for those who relied on its trade.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 41:1 | “Be silent before Me, O islands, and let the peoples renew their strength. Let them come forward and testify; let us together draw near for judgment. |
| 2 | Isaiah 47:5 | “Sit in silence and go into darkness, O Daughter of Chaldea. For you will no longer be called the queen of kingdoms. |
| 3 | Psalm 46:10 | “Be still and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted over the earth.” |
| 4 | Habakkuk 2:20 | But the LORD is in His holy temple; let all the earth be silent before Him. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 27:3–4 | Tell Tyre, who dwells at the gateway to the sea, merchant of the peoples on many coasts, that this is what the Lord GOD says: You have said, O Tyre, ‘I am perfect in beauty.’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — דֹּ֖מּוּ, Do.mugenerated
The verb דָּמַם (damam) means to be silent or still, often in a context of mourning or astonishment. In this verse, it serves as an imperative command directed at the inhabitants, urging them to cease their activities and reflect on the tragedy.
This form is a second person masculine plural imperative, indicating that the speaker addresses a group directly. The nuance of mourning associated with this word highlights the emotional weight of the situation, as the inhabitants are called to respond to the dire news.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we refer to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the word silent.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is דֹּ֖מּוּ, be silent, which governs the entire sentence. The structure consists of a command followed by a description of the subjects addressed: the inhabitants of the coastland and merchants of Sidon.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the command to be silent, followed by the identification of the audience, which includes both the dwellers and traders, thus highlighting their collective response to the calamity.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates דֹּ֖מּוּ as σιωπᾷ (siōpāi), which means 'to be silent' or 'to hush.' This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may imply a more immediate cessation of activity, reflecting the gravity of the situation.
The use of ἐνοικοῦντες (enoikountes) for the inhabitants suggests a focus on their ongoing presence in the land, reinforcing the idea that they are directly affected by the events unfolding.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 23:2 calls the inhabitants of the coastland and merchants of Sidon to be silent in response to the news of Tyre's destruction. This reflects the mourning and grief that comes with the loss of a significant trading city, impacting those who relied on its commerce.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Isaiah is urging the inhabitants and traders to stop their activities and mourn the loss of Tyre, a city central to their trade and livelihood.
Tyre was a major Phoenician city known for its trade and commerce, and its destruction would have profound effects on surrounding regions and traders.
The verse conveys a sense of mourning and loss, as the call for silence reflects the gravity of the situation faced by the coastal dwellers.
This verse fits into the broader themes of judgment and lamentation found in Isaiah, highlighting the consequences of pride and the fall of powerful cities.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond to news of loss or tragedy in my own life?
- What can I learn from the call to silence in this verse about the importance of mourning?
- In what ways do I rely on the 'cities' or 'traders' in my life, and how would their loss affect me?
- How can I support others who are grieving or facing loss in their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Athanasius of Alexandria references this verse in a letter, using it to illustrate a point about humanity's state and the call for restraint.
Still, it was when humanity was in this state that the Word—the Son—came to seek and to find that which was lost. Even before he came, he tried to restrain us from such foolishness, crying out,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 23 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 23:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBe still, ye inhabitants of the isle,.... Either the isles of Chittim, or other islands that traded with Tyre, the singular being put for the plural, called upon to grieve and mourn, because the city
Read John Gill on Isaiah 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBe still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. Be still - struck dumb with awe.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBe still, Heb. Be silent, as one confounded, and not knowing what to say, or as mourners use to be, Job 2 8,13 Isa 47:5; boast no more of thy wealth and power, as thou usedst to do. Of the isle, Heb. of Tyrus, which now was an island, 28:2, till Alexander joined it to the continent, as Pithy reports. Although the title of islands is oft given by the Hebrews to places bordering upon the sea. Zidon; an eminent city of Palestine, nigh unto Tyre, much concerned with her and for her. That pass over the sea; that are a seafaring people. Have replenished; with mariners, , and commodities.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 23:2 Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.Ver. 2. Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle.] A nundinatorio strepitu quiescite, et plorate, Be quiet, and mourn.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Inhabitants of the isle . . .—Better, coast. The word was specially appropriate to the narrow seaboard strip of land occupied by the Phœnicians—Zidon, the older city, the “great Zidon” of Joshua 11:8; Joshua 19:28, appearing as the representative of Phœnicia generally. It was her commerce that had filled Tyre and the other daughter cities. The “dumbness” to which the prophet calls the people is that of stupefied terror.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 23 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. Be still - "Be silent"] Silence is a mark of grief and consternation. See Isaiah 47:5. Jeremiah has finely expressed this image: - "The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, they are silent: They have cast up dust on their heads, they have girded themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground." Lamentations 2:10.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. The prophet next apostrophises the inhabitants of the coast (render so, as in ch. Isaiah 20:6), i.e. Phœnicia, calling them to be still, or rather dumb, with bewilderment. the merchants (in Heb. collective sing.) of Zidon] Zidon is generally interpreted throughout this prophecy as standing for Phœnicia as a whole. This is perhaps unnecessary, although it can easily be justified by usage (see Deuteronomy 3:9; Judges 3:3; 1 Kings 11:1, &c.). Zidon is said to have been the most ancient of the Phœnician settlements, and its merchants might naturally be spoken of as having founded the commercial prosperity of the country.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 23 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBe still - This is the description of a city which is destroyed, where the din of commerce, and the sound of revelry is no longer heard.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Be silent, O dwellers of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose traders have crossed the sea.
Be still, you inhabitants of the coast, you whom the merchants of Sidon that pass over the sea have replenished.
Be silent, O dwellers of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose traders have crossed the sea.
Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over
Tyndale line
Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
Be still, ye inhabitants of the coast, thou whom the merchants of Sidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
Be still, yee that dwell in the yles: the marchantes of Zidon, and such as passe ouer the sea, haue replenished thee.
Strictly literal
Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle! The merchants of Sidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished thee.
Be silent, ye inhabitants of the isle, Trader of Zidon, passing the sea, they filled thee.
Be silent, you inhabitants of the island, || Trader of Sidon, passing the sea, they filled you.
Be silent, ye inhabitants of the coast-land: the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea [formerly] filled thee.
Be silent, you inhabitants of the coast; the merchant of Sidon, who travels over the sea, has filled you.
From the Latin
Be silent, you that dwell in the island: the merchants of Sidon passing over the sea, have filled thee.
Simplified
Stay shocked into silence, people of the coastlands, merchants of Sidon, and sailors.
Send out a cry of grief, you men of the sea-land, traders of Zidon, who go over the sea, whose representatives are on great waters;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint share significant agreement, with six of the eight words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also provide valuable insights, with variations primarily due to restoration and editorial decisions, but the core message remains consistent across the witnesses.
דֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ל׳מו דמו יושבי אי סחר צידון עברו ים מלא׳ך
8 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
דמו יושבי אי סחר צידון עברו ים מלאכי׳ך
8 words on the leather.
[דמו] [ישבי] [אי] [סחר] [צידון] עב ים מלא׳ך
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 23:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
דָּמַם (damam) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to be silent or still, with implications of astonishment or cessation. It can also convey the idea of perishing or being destroyed. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Poal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of silence and stillness. Notably, it is associated with wailing in Isaiah 23:2.
[דָּמַם] vb. be or grow dumb, silent, still
Qal
be silent
be still (opp. to both speech and motion)
be struck dumb, astounded
Niph. be made silent, i.e. destroyed
Po. ‘composed and quieted my soul’
H1826a דָּמַם be or grow dumb, silent, still H1826b דָּמַם wail
1826 damam daw-man'
a prim root (compare 1724, 1820); to be dumb; by implication,
to be astonished, to stop; also to perish:--cease, be cut down
(off), forbear, hold peace, quiet self, rest, be silent, keep
(put to) silence, be (stand) still, tarry, wait.
see HEBREW for 01724
see HEBREW for 01820
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: stationary.
: stationary
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to wail.
wail
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: silent.
: silent
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: destroyed.
: destroyed
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אִי (iy) refers to a habitable area, encompassing meanings like coast, region, island, and shore. It is derived from a root meaning 'dry land' and is used in contexts related to geographical features, such as in Isaiah 20:6. The term captures various types of landforms, highlighting its versatility in describing different coastal and insular terrains.
H339 אִי coast, region
339 'iy ee
from 183; properly, a habitable spot (as desirable); dry
land, a coast, an island:--country, isle, island.
see HEBREW for 0183
אִי (i) — coastland.
coast, island, shore, region
Part — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
סָחַר (sachar) means to go around or travel about, particularly in the context of trade. It can refer to a trader or trafficker, emphasizing movement in business. The root suggests both the act of trading and a sense of palpitation, though the latter is less commonly emphasized.
[סָחַר] vb. go around, about, travel about in
Qal
go about, to and fro
Pt. = subst. a trafficker, trader (who goes about with wares, etc.)
Pilp. my heart palpitates
base
H5503 סָחַר go around, about, travel about in
5503 cachar saw-khar'
a primitive root; to travel round (specifically as a pedlar);
intensively, to palpitate:--go about, merchant(-man), occupy
with, pant, trade, traffick.
סָחַר (sa.char) — to trade.
1) to go around, go about, travel about in, go about in trade
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go about to and fro (in business)
1a2) trader, trafficker (participle)
1b) (Pilpel) to palpitate
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular commonHVqrmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
צִידוֹן (Tsiydon) refers to Sidon, an ancient Phoenician city located on the Mediterranean coast north of Tyre. The name is associated with fishing or hunting, derived from the root meaning 'to catch fish.' Sidon is mentioned as a son of Canaan and is first noted in Genesis 10:15.
צִידוֹן and צִידֹן n.pr.loc. Sidôn, ancient Phoenician city, on coast N. of Tyre;—‘first-born’ of Canaan
base
H6721 צִידוֹן, צִידֹן Sidon, ancient Phoenician city, on coast N. of Tyre
6721 Tsiydown tsee-done'
or Tsiydon {tsee-done'}; from 6679 in the sense of catching
fish; fishery; Tsidon, the name of a son of Canaan, and of a
place in Palestine:--Sidon, Zidon.
see HEBREW for 06679
צִידוֹן (tsi.don) — Sidon.
A man of the Canaanites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.15;
son of: Canaan (H3667);
brother of: Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Sidon = "hunting"
ancient Phoenician city, on Mediterranean coast north of Tyre
צִידוֹן (tsi.don) — Sidon.
§ Sidon = "hunting"
ancient Phoenician city, on Mediterranean coast north of Tyre
צִידוֹן (tsi.don) — Sidon.
Sidon = "hunting"
ancient Phoenician city, on Mediterranean coast north of Tyre
Another name of tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Sidon
Fishing; fishery, Gen. 10:15, 19 (A.V. marg., Tzidon; R.V., Zidon); Matt. 11:21, 22; Luke 6:17. (See ZIDON.)
the Greek form of the Phoenician name Zidon. [ZIDON, OR SIDON]
In the Old Testament ZIDON, now called Saida, was celebrated city of Phoenicia, on the Mediterranean Sea, twenty miles north of Tyre and as many south of Beyroot. It is one of the most ancient cities in the world, Ge 49:13, and is believed to have been founded by Zidon, the eldest son of Canaan, Ge 10:15 49:13. In the time of Homer, the Zidonians were eminent for their trade and commerce, their wealth and prosperity, their skill in navigation, astronomy, architecture, and for their manufactures of glass, etc. They had then a commodious harbor, now choked with sand and inaccessible to any but the smallest vessels. Upon the division of Canaan among the tribes by Joshua, Great Zidon fell to the lot of Asher, Jos 11:8 19:28; but…
hunting; fishing; venison
The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on
Qal
pass over
Pass beyond
Pass through, traverse
pass along by
pass by
sweep by, of scourge
be past, over, of time
pass along (from hand to hand)
Pass on, go on
Pass away
Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
Pi.
his bull impregnateth
cause one to cross river
cause something to pass over
make over to
devote children to (לְ) heathen god
pass along (from hand to hand)
cause to pass through
let pass through
cause to pass by
let pass by
cause arrow to pass beyond
cause to pass under rod, for counting
cause to pass away, take away
Hiph.
cause to pass over, bring over
he made to pass across with chains of gold
base
[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
base
H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over
. Pass beyond
. Pass through, traverse
. . pass along by
. pass by
. sweep by, of scourge
. be past, over, of time
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. Pass on, go on
. Pass away
. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river
. cause something to pass over
. make over to
. devote children to (לְ) heathen god
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. . cause to pass through
. let pass through
. . cause to pass by
. let pass by
. cause arrow to pass beyond
. cause to pass under rod, for counting
. cause to pass away, take away
. . cause to pass over, bring over
. he made to pass across with chains of gold
H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
5674 `abar aw-bar'
a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any
transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,
intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,
through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),
convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,
gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,
in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,
overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)
pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,
through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,
provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,
send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X
speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)
transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be
wrath.
עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.
1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over
1a2) to pass beyond
1a3) to pass through, traverse
1a3a) passers-through (participle)
1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)
1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by
1a4a) passer-by (participle)
1a4b) to be past, be over
1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance
1a6) to pass away
1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)
1a6b) to vanish
1a6c) to perish, cease to exist
1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)
1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands
1b) (Niphal) to be crossed
1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
se (yam; thalassa; in Ac 27:5 pelagos): The Mediterranean is called ha-yam ha-gadhol, "the great sea" (Nu 34:6; Jos 1:4; Eze 47:10, etc.); ha-yam ha-'acharon, "the hinder," or "western sea" (De 11:24; 34:2; Joe 2:20; Zec 14:8); yam pelishtim, "the sea of the Philis" (Ex 23:31); the King James Version translates yam yapho' in Ezr 3:7 by "sea of Joppa," perhaps rightly.
The sea, yam , is used in Scripture to denote-- "The gathering of the waters," "the Ocean." (Genesis 1:2,10; 30:13) etc. Some portion of this, as the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder," the "western" and the "utmost" sea, (11:24; 34:2; Joel 2:20) "sea of the Philistines," (Exodus 23:31) "the great sea," (Numbers 36:6,7; Joshua 15:47) "the sea." Genesis49:13; Psal 80:11 Also frequently of the Red Sea. (Exodus 15:4) [RED SEA SEA] Inland lakes termed seas, as the Salt or Dead Sea. [See the special article] Any…
The Hebrews give the name of sea to any large collection of water, Job 14:11; as to the lakes of Tiberias and Asphaltites, and also to the rivers Nile and Euphrates, Isa 11:15 18:2 21:1 Jer 51:36,42. The principal seas mentioned in Scripture are the following:
1. The GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean, called also the Hinder or Western Sea. Indeed, the Hebrew word for sea, meaning the Mediterranean, is often put for the west. The Great Sea is 2,200 miles long, and in the widest part 1,200 miles in width. In many places it is so deep as to give no soundings. It is little affected by tides, but is often agitated by violent winds. The prevailing direction of the wind in spring is from the southeast and southwest and from the northeast…
→ Creation of Ge 1:9,10; Ps 95:5; 148:4,5
→ Lake Galilee calmed by Jesus Mt 8:24-26; Mr 4:37-39
→ Jesus walked upon Lake Galilee Mt 14:25-31
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
V-Piel-Perf-3cp | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person common plural · suffixHVpp3cp/Sp2fs