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Hosea 7:13 — Word Study

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WLCא֤וֹי לָהֶם֙ כִּֽי־ נָדְד֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נִּי שֹׁ֥ד לָהֶ֖ם כִּֽי־ פָ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶפְדֵּ֔ם וְהֵ֕מָּה דִּבְּר֥וּ עָלַ֖י כְּזָבִֽים׃

BSAWoeʼôwy [alas, a cry of sorrow] forkîy they have strayednâdad [wandered, fled] from Memin Destructionshôd [violence, ruin] forkîy they have rebelledpâshaʻ [transgressed, sinned] Though Iʼânôkîy would redeem thempâdâh [ransom, rescue] they speakdâbar lieskâzâb [falsehoods, untruths] against Meʻal

Word
Listen & take awayHosea 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ke.za.Vim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Hosea 7:13quick helps
In a sentenceHosea laments the people's rebellion against God, expressing sorrow for their straying and declaring their impending destruction.
Who is speakingThe prophet Hosea, speaking on behalf of God.
Where we areThis verse is part of a larger message of warning and lament regarding Israel's unfaithfulness.
The hard wordכְּזָבִים
Take awayGod desires to redeem His people, but they continue to lie and rebel against Him.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאוֹי verbנָדַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Hosea 7:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Lament of Hoseagenerated

12As they go, I will spread My net over them; I will bring them down like birds of the air. I will chastise them when I hear them flocking together.
13Woe to them, for they have strayed from Me! Destruction to them, for they have rebelled against Me! Though I would redeem them, they speak lies against Me.
14They do not cry out to Me from their hearts when they wail upon their beds. They slash themselves for grain and new wine, but turn away from Me.
15Although I trained and strengthened their arms, they plot evil against Me.

Hosea 7:13 expresses God's sorrow over Israel's rebellion and unfaithfulness. The prophet Hosea conveys a message of lament, highlighting the people's straying from God and their refusal to acknowledge Him, despite His desire to redeem them. This verse emphasizes the consequences of their actions, as they face destruction due to their lies and transgressions.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Hosea 9:12Even if they raise their children, I will bereave them of each one. Yes, woe be to them when I turn away from them!
2Isaiah 31:1Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help, who rely on horses, who trust in their abundance of chariots and in their multitude of horsemen. They do not look to the Holy One of Israel; they do not seek the LORD.
3Lamentations 5:16The crown has fallen from our head. Woe to us, for we have sinned!
4Ezekiel 16:23Woe! Woe to you, declares the Lord GOD. And in addition to all your other wickedness,
5Matthew 23:13–29Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the kingdom of heaven in men’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let in those who wish to enter.

The Key Word כְּזָבִים, ke.za.Vimgenerated

The word כְּזָב (kazab) refers to lies or falsehoods. It encompasses both literal untruths and figurative deceptions, indicating a breach of trust and integrity. The parsing as a masculine plural noun suggests that it refers to multiple instances of deceit, reflecting the collective nature of the people's rebellion against God.

This term is often used in contexts that highlight the deceitful nature of humanity, and its presence in this verse underscores the severity of Israel's actions against God. The emotional weight of their lies is significant, as it denotes not just false statements but a deeper betrayal of their relationship with the divine.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations of this verse are consistent in conveying the themes of rebellion and deceit.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains several clauses, with the finite verb נָדְד֣וּ (they have fled) governing the main thought. The structure highlights the cause of their destruction, linking their straying and rebellion directly to their fate.

The arrangement of clauses emphasizes the progression from lamentation to declaration of their actions, culminating in God's intent to redeem them despite their transgressions.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates א֤וֹי as οὐαὶ (ouai), maintaining the expression of sorrow. This choice reflects a direct emotional parallel to the Hebrew text, emphasizing the lamentation over Israel's state.

The Greek word ψεύδη is used for כְּזָבִים, indicating a consistent understanding of the term as related to lies. This connection shows that the translators recognized the severity of the people's falsehoods.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Hosea 7:13 warns the people of Israel about the consequences of their actions. They have strayed from God and rebelled against Him, which leads to destruction. Despite God's desire to redeem them, they continue to speak lies. This verse highlights the seriousness of their unfaithfulness.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that they have strayed from God?

Straying from God indicates a departure from His ways and commandments, leading to disobedience and separation from Him.

What kind of destruction is being referred to?

The destruction refers to the consequences of their rebellion, which may include physical, spiritual, and societal ruin.

How does God plan to redeem His people?

God's plan for redemption involves offering a way back to Him, despite their sins, through repentance and acknowledgment of their wrongdoing.

What is the significance of the lies mentioned?

The lies represent not only false statements but also a deeper betrayal of trust in their relationship with God, highlighting their unwillingness to accept the truth.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I strayed from my relationship with God?
  2. How can I recognize and confront the lies I may be telling myself or others?
  3. What steps can I take to seek redemption and restore my relationship with God?
  4. How do I respond to the call for honesty and truth in my life?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, highlighting its themes of lamentation and divine redemption.

JeromeCommentary on Hosea 7:13 c. 347–420
"Woe to them, for they have departed from me; they will be destroyed because they have transgressed against me. I redeemed them, yet they spoke lies against me and did not cry out to me in their hearts,
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →
John CassianCONFERENCE 23:9.2–3 c. 360–435
If [birds] do not hold to the narrow path with cautious and careful restraint as they go their way, making their airy progress through the void, thanks to their marvelous skill, the earth,
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →
Theodoret of CyrusCOMMENTARY ON Hosea 7 c. 393–460
“First I will educate them through the threat of sufferings. Then I will catch all of them like birds, placing around them a cloud of enemies like a net.” And having said that,
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Hosea 7:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Woe unto them, for they have fled from me,.... From the Lord, from his worship, and the place of it; from obedience to him, and the service of him; as birds fly from their nests, and leave their

Read John Gill on Hosea 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me. Woe unto them!

Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Woe unto them! it is the voice both of menace and lamentation, the prophet doth at once foretell and bewail their miseries. They have fled from me; as if it were not enough that they did at first leave my government, temple, and worship, they have gone further from me, they have hastened herein, they flew from me as birds on wing: their sin is apostacy. Destruction unto them! this explains the woe already mentioned, such woe it will be as ends in destruction. Because they have transgressed against me; rebelliously cast off my law and government, much in state, more in church matters, oppressors in one, idolaters in the other, and incorrigible in both. Though I have redeemed them; out of…

Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Hosea 7:13 Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me.Ver. 13. Woe unto them! for they have fled from me] As Cain (the devil’ s patriarch) did when he went out from the presence of the Lord, in his father’ s family, into the land of Nod, Genesis 4:16, being himself a "have not," that is, a runaway, Hosea 7:12, of the same root that is here made use of in the text (Nadedu). Now as that land took name of Cain, and his woeful state therein, so is every land and place a Nod to apostates; and St Jude throws a woe after them, "Woe unto them, for they have gone in the…

Read John Trapp on Hosea 7 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Though I have redeemed.—Should be, Though I would fain redeem them: an impressive picture of all the insults to longsuffering Divine love.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 7 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 13. Wo unto them!] They shall have wo, because they have fled from me. They shall have destruction, because they have transgressed against me. Though I have redeemed them] Out of Egypt; and given them the fullest proof of my love and power. Yet they have spoken lies against me.] They have represented me as rigorous and cruel; and my service as painful and unprofitable.

Read AdamClarke on Hosea 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. they have fled from me] like birds scared out of their nest (Isaiah 16:2); but the Israelites have only themselves to blame for the fatal consequence. They have left their true home, and shall find no second (see on Hosea 9:17). transgressed] Or, ‘rebelled; strictly, ‘broken away.’ though I have redeemed …] Rather, I indeed would redeem them, but they, &c. The ‘lies’ of the Israelites related (see next verse) to Jehovah’s power and willingness to save.

Read Cambridge on Hosea 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Woe unto them, for they have fled from Me - The threatening rises in severity, as did the measure of their sin.

Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Woe to them, for they have strayed from Me! Destruction to them, for they have rebelled against Me! Though I would redeem them, they speak lies against Me.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Woe to them! For they have wandered from me. Destruction to them! For they have trespassed against me. Though I would redeem them, yet they have spoken lies against me.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Woe to them, for they have strayed from Me! Destruction to them, for they have rebelled against Me! Though I would redeem them, they speak lies against Me.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Woe to them! For they have fled from me! Destruction to them! For they have rebelled against me! I want to deliver them, but they have lied to me.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Woe unto them! for they have wandered from me; destruction unto them! for they have trespassed against me: though I would redeem them, yet they have spoken lies against me.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Woe unto them! for they have wandered from me; destruction unto them! for they have trespassed against me: though I would redeem them, yet they have spoken lies against me.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Woe to them! for they have fled from me: destruction to them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Wo vnto them: for they haue fled away from me: destruction shalbe vnto them, because they haue transgressed against me: though I haue redeemed them, yet they haue spoken lyes against me.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Woe unto them! for they have wandered from me; destruction unto them! for they have transgressed against me. And I would redeem them; but they speak lies against me.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Woe to them, for they wandered from Me, Destruction to them, for they transgressed against Me, And I — I ransom them, and they have spoken lies against Me,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Woe to them, for they wandered from Me, || Destruction to them, for they transgressed against Me, || And I ransom them, and they have spoken lies against Me,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Woe unto them! for they have fled from me; destruction shall come unto them, because they have transgressed against me: though I desired to redeem them, they yet spoke lies against me.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Woe to them! For they have strayed from me. Devastation is coming to them! They have rebelled against me! I would have rescued them, but they spoke lies against me.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Woe to them, for they have departed from me: they shall be wasted because they have transgressed against me: and I redeemed them: and they have spoken lies against me.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

What disaster is coming to them because they have strayed from me! Destruction is coming to them because they have rebelled against me! I wish I could redeem them, but they tell lies about me.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

May trouble be theirs! for they have gone far away from me; and destruction, for they have been sinning against me; I was ready to be their saviour, but they said false words against me.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausesubjectא֤וֹיwoe!prepositional phrase · predicateלָtoהֶם֙themכִּֽי(dm)clauseverbנָדְד֣וּthey.have.fledprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִמֶּ֔fromנִּיmeclausesubjectשֹׁ֥דdevastationprepositional phrase · predicateלָ[belongs].toהֶ֖םthemכִּֽי(dm)clauseverbפָ֣שְׁעוּthey.have.transgressedprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִ֑againstיmeוְandclausesubjectאָנֹכִ֣יIverbאֶפְדֵּ֔Iobjectםwill.redeem.themוְandclausesubjectהֵ֕מָּהtheyverbדִּבְּר֥וּthey.have.spokenprepositional phrase · prepositionalעָלַ֖onיmeobjectכְּזָבִֽיםlies

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Septuagint, with all words matched in meaning. The Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit some editorial restoration, but the core message remains consistent, emphasizing the themes of lament and rebellion present in the original text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

א֤וֹי לָהֶם֙ כִּֽי־ נָדְד֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נִּי שֹׁ֥ד לָהֶ֖ם כִּֽי־ פָ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶפְדֵּ֔ם וְהֵ֕מָּה דִּבְּר֥וּ עָלַ֖י כְּזָבִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
א֤וֹיοὐαὶלָהֶם֙αὐτοῖςכִּֽי־ὅτιנָדְד֣וּἀπεπήδησανמִמֶּ֔נִּיἐμοῦשֹׁ֥דδείλαιοίלָהֶ֖םεἰσινכִּֽי־ὅτιפָ֣שְׁעוּἠσέβησανבִ֑יἐμέוְאָנֹכִ֣יἐγὼאֶפְדֵּ֔םαὐτούςוְהֵ֕מָּהαὐτοὶדִּבְּר֥וּκατελάλησανעָלַ֖יἐμοῦכְּזָבִֽים׃ψεύδη

16 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q78a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[אוי] [ל׳הם] [כי] [נדדו] [ממ׳ני] [שד] [ל׳הם] [כי] [פשעו] [ב׳י] [ואנכי] [אפד׳ם] והמה [דברו] [על׳י] [כזבים]

1 word on the leather — 15 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q82a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[אוי] ל׳הם [כי] [נדדו] [ממ׳ני] [שוד] ל׳הם כי פשעו ב׳י ואנוכי אפד׳ם [והמה] [דברו] [על׳י] [כזבים]

4 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Hosea 7:13אוֹיwoe!woe!אוֹיהֶםto themto themהֶםכִּיforforכִּינָדַדthey have fthey have fledנָדַדמִן־from mefrom meמִן־שֹׁדdevastationdevastationשֹׁדהֶם[belongs] t[belongs] to thהֶםכִּיforforכִּיפָּשַׁעthey have tthey have transפָּשַׁענִיagainst meagainst meנִיאָֽנֹכִ֫יand Iand Iאָֽנֹכִ֫יפָּדָהI will redeI will redeem tפָּדָההֵ֫מָּהand theyand theyהֵ֫מָּהדָבַרthey have sthey have spokeדָבַרעַלon meon meעַלכָּזָבliesliesכָּזָבאָוָהto desireto desireאָוָהשָׁדַדto wasteto wasteשָׁדַדהֲלַךְto goto goהֲלַךְכָּזַבto lieto lieכָּזַבמֵןstringstringמֵןפָּשַׂעto stepto stepפָּשַׂעעַלheightheightעַליָדַעto knowto knowיָדַערָזִיwastingwastingרָזִימִיwho?who?מִיקֵןnestnestקֵןעוֹףbirdbirdעוֹףרָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַרחָמָסviolenceviolenceחָמָסשֶׁ֫בֶרbreakingbreakingשֶׁ֫בֶרלִבְנָהLibnahLibnahלִבְנָהאֱדוֹםEdomEdomאֱדוֹם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Hosea 7:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
א֤וֹי'o woe! H188 Particle
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is an expression of sorrow or grief, like a cry of 'Oh no!' or 'Alas!' It's used in Isaiah and Jeremiah to lament the fate of God's people. The prophets use it to express deep emotional pain.
Amplified meaning
alas, a cry of sorrow
Tyndale gloss
woe!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוֹי (oy) is an interjection expressing grief or despair, often translated as 'woe!' or 'alas!'. It likely originates from a root meaning to cry out, emphasizing its use as a passionate lamentation. The entries consistently highlight its emotional intensity without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוֹי interj. (onomatop.) woe! an impassioned expression of grief and despair

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H188 אוֹי (onomatop.) woe! an empassioned expression of grief and despair

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

188 'owy o'-ee

probably from 183 (in the sense of crying out after);

lamentation; also interjectionally Oh!:--alas, woe.

see HEBREW for 0183

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוֹי (oy) — woe!.

1) woe! alas! oh!

1a) passionate cry of grief or despair

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Is sometimes used in our Bibles where a softer expression would be at least equally proper: "Woe to such a one!" is in our language a threat or imprecation of some calamity, natural or judicial, to befall a person; but this is not always the meaning of the word in Scripture. We find the expression, "Woe is me!" that is, Alas for my sufferings! And, "Woe to the women with child, and those who give suck!" that is, Alas for their redoubled sufferings in times of distress! If in the denunciatory language of Christ, we should read, "Alas for thee, Chorazin! Alas for thee, Bethsaida!" we should do not injustice to the general sentiments of the passage.

Yet in many cases the word woe is used in a fuller and more awful sense, expressing an inspired denunciation and foreshadowing of God’s wrath upon sinners; as when we read, "Woe to those who build houses by unrighteousness, and cities by blood;"…

woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
לָהֶם֙la.Hem to them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3mp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
כִּֽי־ki- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
נָדְד֣וּna.de.Du they have fled H5074 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to wander or flee, and is used in the Bible to describe people moving from place to place, like the Israelites in the wilderness in Exodus 14:3. It can also mean to chase someone away or to flutter like a bird.
Amplified meaning
wandered, fled
Tyndale gloss
to wander
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָדַד (nadad) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses meanings related to movement, such as retreating, fleeing, departing, straying, and wandering. It can also refer to the fluttering of wings. The word has various forms, including Qal, Poal, Hiphil, Hophil, and Hithpolel, indicating different nuances of fleeing or being chased. Its Aramaic equivalent is נְדַד (H5075), meaning 'to flee.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָדַד] vb. retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter

Qal

retreat, flee

flee, depart

wander, stray

trans. flutter wings

Po‛ēl the sun hath arisen and it (the locust swarm) fleeth away

Hiph. chase away

Hoph. be chased away

Hithpo‛l. flee away

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5074 [נָדַד] retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5074 nadad naw-dad'

a primitive root; properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to

flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or

(causatively) to drive away:--chase (away), X could not,

depart, flee (X apace, away), (re-)move, thrust away, wander

(abroad, -er, -ing).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָדַד (na.dad) — to wander.

1) to retreat, flee, depart, move, wander abroad, stray, flutter

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to retreat, flee

1a2) to flee, depart

1a3) to wander, stray

1a4) to flutter (of birds)

1b) (Poal) to flee away, be chased

1c) (Hiphil) to chase away

1d) (Hophal) to be chased away

1e) (Hithpolel) to flee away

Aramaic equivalent: ne.dad (נְדַד "to flee" H5075)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
מִמֶּ֔נִּיmi.Me.ni from me H4480 Preposition · suffix
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
שֹׁ֥דshod devastation H7701 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means violence or destruction, often referring to social sin or ruin, as seen in the desolation of cities like Sodom and Gomorrah. It is used to describe the devastating effects of war and oppression. This concept is discussed in books like Isaiah and Jeremiah.
Amplified meaning
violence, ruin
Tyndale gloss
violence
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֹׁד (shod) refers to concepts of violence and destruction, encompassing havoc, devastation, and ruin. It is derived from a root that suggests oppression and robbery. The term appears in contexts related to social sin and the consequences of violence, as noted in Job 5:21.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֹׁד, שׁוֹד n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7701 שֹׁד, שׁוֹד violence, havoc, devastation, ruin

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7701 shod shode

or showd (Job 5:21) {shode}; from 7736; violence,

ravage:--desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery,

spoil(-ed, -er, - ing), wasting.

see HEBREW for 07736

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֹׁד (shod) — violence.

1) havoc, violence, destruction, devastation, ruin

1a) violence, havoc (as social sin)

1b) devastation, ruin

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
לָהֶ֖םla.Hem [belongs] to them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3mp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
כִּֽי־ki- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
פָ֣שְׁעוּFa.she.'u they have transgressed H6586 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To transgress means to break away from authority, like rebelling or revolting against God or others, as seen in Psalm 51:1. It involves intentional disobedience. This concept is key in understanding sin and guilt.
Amplified meaning
transgressed, sinned
Tyndale gloss
to transgress
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּשַׁע (pasha`) means to rebel or transgress, indicating a break from authority. It encompasses actions like revolt and apostasy, and can also refer to being offended in a relational context. The term appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, suggesting both active rebellion and passive offense.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּשַׁע vb. rebel, transgress

Qal

rebel, revolt, of nations

transgress against

Niph. a brother (who has been) offended

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6586 פָּשַׁע rebel, transgress

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6586 pasha` paw-shah'

a primitive root (identical with 6585 through the idea of

expansion); to break away (from just authority), i.e.

trespass, apostatize, quarrel:--offend, rebel, revolt,

transgress(-ion, -or).

see HEBREW for 06585

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּשַׁע (pa.sah) — to transgress.

1) to rebel, transgress, revolt

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to rebel, revolt

1a2) to transgress

1b) (Niphal) to be rebelled against

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
בִ֑יVi against me H9030 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִי (ni) — me.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
וְאָנֹכִ֣יve.'a.no.Khi and I H595 Conjunction · pronoun
359× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This simple Hebrew word just means 'I', referring to the speaker, like in Genesis 27 where Esau says 'I' when talking to his father Isaac.
Tyndale gloss
I
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אָֽנֹכִ֫י (*anokiy*) is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is a variant spelling of אֲנִי (*ani*), which also means 'I.' The entries confirm its use as a personal pronoun without significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָֽנֹכִ֫י, אָנֹ֑כִי pron. 1s. comm. I

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H595 אָֽנֹכִ֫י, אָנֹ֑כִי I

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

595 'anokiy aw-no-kee'

sometimes {aw-no'-kee}; a primitive pro.; I:--I, me, X

which.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָֽנֹכִ֫י (a.no.khi) — I.

I (first pers. sing.)

Another spelling of a.ni (אֲנִי, אָֽנֹכִ֫י "I" H0589)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp1bs
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
אֶפְדֵּ֔ם'ef.Dem I will redeem them H6299 Verb qal imperfect first person common singular · suffix
59× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To pay a price to set someone free, like a ransom to rescue a person. It's used in the Bible to describe God redeeming his people.
Amplified meaning
ransom, rescue
Tyndale gloss
to ransom
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּדָה (padah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ransom or redeem. It encompasses actions like delivering or rescuing, with various forms indicating different nuances, such as being ransomed or allowing someone to be ransomed. The entries highlight its use in contexts of release and preservation, but do not specify any particular verses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּדָה vb. ransom

Qal ransom

Niph. she hath not been at all ransomed (from bondage)

Hiph. he shall let her be ransomed.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6299 פָּדָה ransom

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6299 padah paw-daw'

a primitive root; to sever, i.e. ransom; gener. to release,

preserve:--X at all, deliver, X by any means, ransom, (that

are to be, let be) redeem(-ed), rescue, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּדָה (pa.dah) — to ransom.

1) to ransom, redeem, rescue, deliver

1a) (Qal) to ransom

1b) (Niphal) to be ransomed

1c) (Hiphil) to allow one to be ransomed

1d) (Hophal) redeemed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal imperfect first person common singular · suffix
HVqi1cs/Sp3mp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
וְהֵ֕מָּהve.He.mah and they H1992 Conjunction · pronoun
553× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Tyndale gloss
they(masc.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1992 hem haym

or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from

1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)

many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,

their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

see HEBREW for 01981

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).

they, these, the same, who

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Pp3mp — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp3mp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
דִּבְּר֥וּdi.be.Ru they have spoken H1696 Verb · Piel · perfect third person common plural
1,142× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To speak or communicate, like God speaking to Moses in Exodus or a king commanding his people. It can also mean to promise or warn someone.
Tyndale gloss
to speak: speak
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָבַר (dabar) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning 'to speak.' It encompasses a range of actions including declaring, commanding, and conversing. The root suggests a figurative use of words, with some entries noting a rare destructive sense of subduing. Various forms of the verb indicate different nuances, such as speaking with one another or making promises.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[דָבַר] 1142 vb. speak (original mng. dub.)

Qal speak

Niph. reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk

Pi. speak

Pu. in the day when she may be spoken for

Hithp. speaking this word

Hiph. either leads subject, or puts to flight, fig. for subdues

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1696 דָבַר speak (original mng. dub.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1696 dabar daw-bar'

a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used

figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive

sense) to subdue:--answer, appoint, bid, command, commune,

declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse,

say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think,

use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: speak.

: speak/tell/command

1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing

1a) (Qal) to speak

1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to speak

1c2) to promise

1d) (Pual) to be spoken

1e) (Hithpael) to speak

1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight

דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: subdue.

: subdue

1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing

1a) (Qal) to speak

1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to speak

1c2) to promise

1d) (Pual) to be spoken

1e) (Hithpael) to speak

1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight

דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: promise.

: promise/declare

1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing

1a) (Qal) to speak

1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to speak

1c2) to promise

1d) (Pual) to be spoken

1e) (Hithpael) to speak

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common plural
HVpp3cp
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
עָלַ֖י'a.Lai on me H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
woe! to them for they have fled from me devastation [belongs] to them for they have transgressed against me and I I will redeem them and they they have spoken on me lies
כְּזָבִֽים׃ke.za.Vim lies H3577 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A lie or falsehood is what this word represents, whether it is a literal untruth or a figurative idol, and is often used to describe the deceitful nature of humanity.
Amplified meaning
falsehoods, untruths
Tyndale gloss
lie
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּזָב (kazab) refers to a lie or falsehood, encompassing meanings like deceit and untruth. It is derived from a root that suggests the concept of deception. The entries consistently describe it as a term for falsehood without significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּזָב n.m. lie, falsehood, deceptive thing

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3577 כָּזָב lie, falsehood, deceptive thing

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3577 kazab kaw-zawb'

from 3576; falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively

(idol):--deceitful, false, leasing, + liar, lie, lying.

see HEBREW for 03576

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּזָב (ka.zav) — lie.

a lie, untruth, falsehood, deceptive thing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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