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Hosea 4:19 — Word Study

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WLCצָרַ֥ר ר֛וּחַ אוֹתָ֖הּ בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ מִזִּבְחוֹתָֽם ס

BSAThe whirlwindrûwach [a violent storm, a windstorm] has wrappedtsârar themʼêth in its wingskânâph [enveloped, surrounded] and their sacrificeszebach [offerings to idols, pagan worship] will bring them shamebûwsh [be ashamed, disappointed]

Word
Listen & take awayHosea 4
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (mi.ziv.cho.Tam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Hosea 4:19quick helps
In a sentenceA whirlwind envelops Israel, and their sacrifices lead to shame.
Who is speakingThe prophet Hosea, addressing the people of Israel.
Where we areA warning about Israel's unfaithfulness and its consequences.
The hard wordצָרַ֥ר
Take awayThe image of a storm illustrates the overwhelming nature of judgment.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectרוּחַ verbצָרַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Hosea 4:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of Israelgenerated

16For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?
17Ephraim is joined to idols; leave him alone!
18When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution; their rulers dearly love disgrace.
19The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.

Hosea 4:19 depicts a dire situation for Israel, where their unfaithfulness leads to judgment. The whirlwind symbolizes God's judgment, wrapping them in its wings, illustrating how they are enveloped by their own actions. The preceding verses highlight Israel's obstinacy and attachment to idols, culminating in the shame brought by their sacrifices, which fail to honor God.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 4:11–12At that time it will be said to this people and to Jerusalem, “A searing wind from the barren heights in the desert blows toward the daughter of My people, but not to winnow or to sift;
2Jeremiah 51:1This is what the LORD says: “Behold, I will stir up against Babylon and against the people of Leb-kamai the spirit of a destroyer.
3Zechariah 5:9–11Then I lifted up my eyes and saw two women approaching, with the wind in their wings. Their wings were like those of a stork, and they lifted up the basket between heaven and earth.
4Hosea 10:6Yes, it will be carried to Assyria as tribute to the great king. Ephraim will be seized with shame; Israel will be ashamed of its wooden idols.
5Isaiah 1:29Surely you will be ashamed of the sacred oaks in which you have delighted; you will be embarrassed by the gardens that you have chosen.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word צָרַר, tza.Rargenerated

The verb צָרַר (tza.Rar) is a perfect tense form meaning 'it has wrapped.' It is derived from a root that conveys the idea of binding or confining, indicating a forceful and encompassing action. This word evokes the image of being surrounded or besieged, emphasizing the overwhelming nature of the whirlwind.

In this verse, צָרַר captures the essence of judgment as it envelops Israel, illustrating the consequences of their actions. The use of this verb suggests a hostile and distressing situation, aligning with the overall theme of divine retribution in Hosea.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations generally agree on the imagery of the whirlwind wrapping Israel.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb צָרַ֥ר governs the sentence, indicating that the whirlwind is the subject performing the action. The structure is straightforward, with the whirlwind as the subject and the wrapping action as the focus.

The sentence is constructed with a noun phrase followed by a prepositional phrase, leading to the final clause about the shame of the sacrifices. This structure highlights the cause-and-effect relationship between the whirlwind and the resulting shame.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates צָרַר as συστροφὴ, meaning 'a twisting' or 'a turning.' This choice emphasizes the chaotic and tumultuous nature of the judgment, aligning with the imagery of a whirlwind.

The Greek term πνεύματος for 'wind' also reflects the dynamic and powerful aspect of the divine judgment, reinforcing the theme of God's active role in Israel's fate.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Hosea 4:19 describes how a whirlwind wraps around Israel, illustrating the judgment they face due to their unfaithfulness. Their sacrifices, rather than being pleasing to God, will lead to their shame, highlighting the consequences of their actions.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the whirlwind represent in this verse?

The whirlwind symbolizes God's judgment, indicating that Israel is enveloped by the consequences of their actions.

What is the significance of their sacrifices bringing shame?

The sacrifices, intended to honor God, instead lead to disappointment and shame due to Israel's unfaithfulness.

How does this verse connect to the preceding context?

The verse ties into the themes of obstinacy and idolatry, showing how these behaviors result in divine judgment.

What does the imagery of being wrapped in wings convey?

It conveys a sense of being overwhelmed and surrounded by judgment, emphasizing the severity of the situation.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of my actions reflected in my life?
  2. How can I ensure that my offerings and sacrifices are pleasing to God?
  3. What steps can I take to avoid the pitfalls of unfaithfulness that Israel faced?
  4. How does understanding God's judgment help me in my spiritual journey?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Ishodad of Merv comments on this verse, discussing the implications of unfaithfulness and the resulting judgment.

Ishodad of MervCOMMENTARY ON HOSEA 9th c.
The words “I will not visit your daughters when they prostitute themselves,” that is, when a woman is accused of being adulterous and there is no witness, “she will make,” Scripture says,
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 4 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Hosea 4:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The wind hath bound her up in her wings,.... That is, the wind in its wings hath bound up Ephraim, Israel, or the ten tribes, compared to a heifer; meaning, that the wind of God's wrath and

Read John Gill on Hosea 4 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices. The wind hath bound her up in her wings.

Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 4 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The whirlwind of wrath from God hath already seized this old adulteress, and carried some of her children away already, ,29. Execution of judgment is already begun, and therefore, O Judah, keep distance from Ephraim. They shall be ashamed; greatly confounded and disappointed of their hopes: as thou, O Judah, wouldst prevent this shame, flee the society of these idolaters. Because of their sacrifices; what they made their confidence shall be their shame, their own idols cannot help them. but their idolatry shall surely undo them. Their idols which they worshipped and depended on shall be their shame and confusion, for thy God, O Judah, hath cursed such people. Confounded be all they that…

Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 4 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Hosea 4:19 The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.Ver. 19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings] The evil spirit (saith Jerome) hurries them towards hell, which is the just hire of the least sin; how much more of these afore mentioned abominations! Take it rather to be spoken of the suddenness, swiftness, and unresistableness of God’ s judgments, set forth by mighty winds rending the rocks, and tearing up the mountains by the roots, Job 38:9. How then shall wicked men (compared to chaff or "dust of the mountains") stand before the tempest of God’ s wrath, the thunder of his power? Well they may applaud and stroke themselves for a…

Read John Trapp on Hosea 4 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(18, 19) The Authorised version is here very defective. Translate, Their carousal hath become degraded; with whoring they whore. Her shields love shame. A blast hath seized her in its wings, so that they are covered with shame for their offerings. “Shields” mean the princes of the people, as in Psalms 47:9. The fern. “her” in these verses refers to Ephraim, in accordance with the common Hebrew idiom. The change of person to the masculine plural is characteristic of the style of Hebrew prophecy. The storm-wind hath seized upon her with its wings—carried her away like a swarm of locusts or a baffled bird.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 4 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 19. The wind hath bound her] A parching wind has blasted them in their wings - coasts, borders; or they are carried away into captivity, as with the most rapid blight. These two last verses are very obscure.

Read AdamClarke on Hosea 4 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings] A figure for the suddenness and violence with which the enemy should carry Israel away into exile (comp. Isaiah 57:13), The perfect is that of prophetic certitude.

Read Cambridge on Hosea 4 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The wind hath bound her up in her wings - When God brought Israel out of Egypt, He “bare them on eagle’s wings, and brought them unto Himself” Exodus 19:4; Deuteronomy 32:11.

Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 4 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The wind has wrapped her up in its wings; and they shall be disappointed because of their sacrifices.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.

NETBNew English Translation2006

A whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings; they will be brought to shame because of their idolatrous worship.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

The wind hath wrapped her up in its wings; and they shall be put to shame because of their sacrifices.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The wind hath wrapped her up in its wings; and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The winde hath bounde them vp in her wings, and they shalbe ashamed of their sacrifices.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

The wind hath wrapped her up in its wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Distressed her hath wind with its wings, And they are ashamed of their sacrifices!

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Wind has distressed her with its wings, || And they are ashamed of their sacrifices!”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The wind seizeth fast on them with its wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The wind will wrap her up in its wings; and they will be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The wind hath bound them up in its wings, and they shall be confounded because of their sacrifices.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

A wind will carry them away; they will be ashamed of their pagan worship.”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

They are folded in the skirts of the wind; they will be shamed because of their offerings.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbצָרַ֥רit.has.wrappedsubjectר֛וּחַa.windnoun phrase · objectאוֹתָ֖הּitprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִּinnoun phraseכְנָפֶ֑יwingsהָitsוְandclauseverbיֵבֹ֖שׁוּthey.will.be.ashamedprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfromnoun phraseזִּבְחוֹתָֽsacrificesםtheir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as צָרַ֥ר ר֛וּחַ אוֹתָ֖הּ בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ מִזִּבְחוֹתָֽם ס, while the Septuagint matches five of the six words, indicating a close alignment in meaning. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial evidence, with significant restoration by an editor, but the core message remains consistent across the witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

צָרַ֥ר ר֛וּחַ אוֹתָ֖הּ בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ מִזִּבְחוֹתָֽם ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
צָרַ֥רσυστροφὴר֛וּחַπνεύματοςאוֹתָ֖הּεἶבִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָταῖςוְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּκαταισξυνθήσονται

5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q78a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

צרר [רוח] [אות׳ה] [בכנפי׳ה] [ויבשו] [מזבחות׳ם]

1 word on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Hosea 4:19צוּרit has wrapit has wrappedצוּררוּחַa winda windרוּחַאֵתthe object the object markאֵתכָּנָףin wings itin wings itsכָּנָףבּוֹשׁso they mayso they may be בּוֹשׁזֶ֫בַחfrom sacriffrom sacrificesזֶ֫בַחזָבַחto sacrifito sacrificeזָבַחרִיחַto smellto smellרִיחַאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתכָּנַףto cornerto cornerכָּנַףהַמְּדָתָאHammedathaHammedathaהַמְּדָתָאיְהוּדִיof Judahof Judahיְהוּדִינְשָׁמָהbreathbreathנְשָׁמָהקָדִיםeasteastקָדִיםמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁכְּרוּבcherubcherubכְּרוּבחָפֵרbe ashamedbe ashamedחָפֵרכָּלַםbe humiliabe humiliatedכָּלַםשֶׁ֫לֶםpeace offepeace offeringשֶׁ֫לֶם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Hosea 4:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
צָרַ֥רtza.Rar it has wrapped H6887 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To rival means to oppose or afflict someone. In the Bible, this word is used to describe the struggles of the Israelites, such as when they were oppressed by their enemies or faced internal conflicts and afflictions.
Tyndale gloss
to confine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צָרַר (tsarar) is built from a primitive root meaning to bind or confine. It covers a range of meanings including to besiege, cause distress, and show hostility. The word can also denote making a rival-wife. Notably, it appears in Leviticus 18:18.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צוּר vb. confine, bind, besiege

base

צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped

trans.

Qal bind or tie up

Pu. tied up (mended by tying)

intrans.

Qal be scant, cramped, in straits

Hiph. make narrow for, press hard upon, cause distress to

base

[צָרַר] vb. denom. Hiph. suffer distress

base

צָרַר vb. shew hostility toward, vex

base

[צָרַר] vb. denom. make a rival-wife;—Qal Lv 18:18

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6887a צוּר confine, bind, besiege H6887b צָרַר bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped H6887c צָרַר vb. denom. Hiph. suffer distress H6887d צָרַר shew hostility toward, vex H6887e צָרַר vb. denom. make a rival-wife

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6887 tsarar tsaw-rar'

a primitive root; to cramp, literally or figuratively,

transitive or intransitive (as follows):--adversary, (be in)

afflict(-ion), beseige, bind (up), (be in, bring) distress,

enemy, narrower, oppress, pangs, shut up, be in a strait

(trouble), vex.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָרַר (tsa.rar) — to confine.

to confine, besiege

Another spelling of tsur (צוּר "to confine" H6696A)

צָרַר (tsa.rar) — to constrain.

1) to bind, be narrow, be in distress, make narrow, cause distress, besiege, be straitened, be bound

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to bind, tie up, shut up

1a2) to be scant, be cramped, be in straits

1b) (Pual) to be bound, be tied up

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make narrow for, cause distress to, press hard upon

צָרַר (tsa.rar) — to distress.

to suffer distress

צָרַר (tsa.rar) — to vex.

to show hostility toward, vex

צָרַר (tsa.rar) — to rival.

to make a rival-wife

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
ר֛וּחַRu.ach a wind H7307 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
378× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Amplified meaning
a violent storm, a windstorm
Tyndale gloss
spirit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

wind (117 t.)

spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

spirit of the living, breathing being

spirit as seat of emotion

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

rarely of the will

רוּחַ esp. of moral character

spirit of God (94 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

. wind (117 t.)

. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

. spirit of the living, breathing being

. spirit as seat of emotion

. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

. rarely of the will

. רוּחַ esp. of moral character

. spirit of God (94 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7307 ruwach roo'-akh

from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or

even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,

unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by

resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including

its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X

cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),

tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).

see HEBREW for 07306

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.

: spirit

1) wind, breath, mind, spirit

1a) breath

1b) wind

1b1) of heaven

1b2) quarter (of wind), side

1b3) breath of air

1b4) air, gas

1b5) vain, empty thing

1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)

1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour

1c2) courage

1c3) temper, anger

1c4) impatience, patience

1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)

1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse

1c7) prophetic spirit

1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)

1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being

1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)

1e1) desire

1e2) sorrow, trouble

1f) spirit

1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts

1f2) rarely of the will

1f3) as seat especially of moral character

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wind (anemos:

1. Causes:

Unequal distribution of heat in the atmosphere causes currents of air or wind. The heated air rises and the air from around rushes in. The direction from which a current comes determines its name, as west wind coming from the West but blowing toward the East. When two currents of air of different directions meet, a spiral motion sometimes results.

See WHIRLWIND.

2. West Wind:

In Palestine the west wind is the most common. It comes from the sea and carries the moisture which condenses to form clouds, as it is turned upward by the mountains, to the cooler layers of the atmosphere. If the temperature reached is cool enough the cloud condenses and rain falls. Elijah looked toward the West for the "small cloud," and soon "the heavens grew black with clouds and wind" (1Ki 18:44 f). "When ye see a cloud rising in the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Blasting 2Ki 19:7,35

→ East

Hot and blasting in Egypt Ge 41:6

In the valley of the Euphrates River Eze 19:12

In Canaan Ho 13:15; Lu 12:55

At the city of Nineveh Jon 4:8

Tempestuous in the land of Uz Job 27:21

→ West

Took away the plague of locusts from the land of Egypt Ex 10:19

→ North

Free from humidity in Canaan Pr 25:23

→ South

Soothing Job 37:17

it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
אוֹתָ֖הּ'o.Tah the object marker it H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָbikh.na.Fei.ha in wings its H3671 Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
109× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for wing, used to describe the edge or extremity of something, like a bird's wing or the corner of a garment. It appears in the Bible to describe various objects and locations, including the wing of a bird.
Amplified meaning
enveloped, surrounded
Tyndale gloss
wing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּנָף (kanaph) means 'wing' or 'extremity' and can refer to various edges or corners, such as those of a bird, garment, or building. It encompasses meanings like border, corner, and skirt, indicating both physical and metaphorical edges. The word is derived from a root that suggests an edge or extremity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּנָף 109 n.f. wing, extremity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3671 כָּנָף wing, extremity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3671 kanaph kaw-nawf'

from 3670; an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or

army) a wing, (of a garment or bed-clothing) a flap, (of the

earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinnacle:--+ bird, border,

corner, end, feather(-ed), X flying, + (one an-)other,

overspreading, X quarters, skirt, X sort, uttermost part,

wing((-ed)).

see HEBREW for 03670

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּנָף (ka.naph) — wing.

1) wing, extremity, edge, winged, border, corner, shirt

1a) wing

1b) extremity

1b1) skirt, corner (of garment)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HR/Ncfdc/Sp3fs
it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּve.ye.Vo.shu so they may be ashamed H954 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be ashamed is what this Hebrew word means, implying a feeling of guilt or disappointment. It is used to describe someone who is disconcerted or delayed, like in the story of Adam and Eve. Shame is a strong emotion.
Amplified meaning
be ashamed, disappointed
Tyndale gloss
be ashamed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹשׁ (buwsh) is a Hebrew root meaning 'to be ashamed.' It encompasses feelings of shame, disappointment, and disconcertion. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to feel shame), Piel (to delay in shame), and Hiphil (to put to shame). The entries indicate a range of uses, from personal feelings of shame to actions that cause shame to others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹשׁ 109 vb. be ashamed

Qal

abs. feel shame

sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of

with obj. I am ashamed to ask

Polel delay (in shame)

Hiph.

put to shame

put to shame

act shamefully

to be put to shame

be ashamed

Hithp. ashamed before one another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H954 בּוֹשׁ be ashamed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

954 buwsh boosh

a primitive root; properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to

be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or

delayed:--(be, make, bring to, cause, put to, with,

a-)shamed(-d), be (put to) confounded(-fusion), become dry,

delay, be long.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹשׁ (bush) — be ashamed.

1) to put to shame, be ashamed, be disconcerted, be disappointed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to feel shame

1a2) to be ashamed, disconcerted, disappointed (by reason of)

1b) (Piel) to delay (in shame)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to put to shame

1c2) to act shamefully

1c3) to be ashamed

1d) (Hithpolel) to be ashamed before one another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-shamd': Almost exclusively moral in significance; confusion or abashment through consciousness of guilt or of its exposure. Often including also a sense of terror or fear because of the disgrace connected with the performance of some action. Capacity for shame indicates that moral sense (conscience) is not extinct. "Ashamed" occurs 96 out of 118 times in the Old Testament. Hebrew bosh, "to feel shame" (Latin, pudere), with derivatives occurs 80 times; kalam, "to shame," including the thought of "disgrace," "reproach"; chapher, "to blush": hence shame because of frustrated plans (uniformly in the Revised Version (British and American) "confounded"); Greek aischunomai, "suffused with shame," passive only and its compounds. Uses:

(1) A few times, of actual embarrassment, as of Hazael before the steadfast look of Elisha (2Ki 8:11; see…

it has wrapped a wind the object marker it in wings its so they may be ashamed from sacrifices their
מִזִּבְחוֹתָֽם סmi.ziv.cho.Tam from sacrifices their H2077 Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
162× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sacrifice refers to the act of offering an animal's flesh to God, such as in the sacrifices of righteousness or the Passover. This term encompasses various types of sacrifices, including thank offerings and covenant sacrifices. The KJV translates it as 'offer' or 'sacrifice'.
Amplified meaning
offerings to idols, pagan worship
Tyndale gloss
sacrifice
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֶ֫בַח (zebach) means 'sacrifice' and is derived from a root meaning 'to slaughter.' It encompasses various types of sacrifices, including those for feasts, covenant sacrifices, and thank offerings. The term appears in contexts related to both the God of Israel and other deities, indicating its broad use in ritual practices.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶ֫בַח 162 n.m. sacrifice

general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts

of the God of Israel

of other deities

there are several kinds which are gradually distinguished

the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban

the passover

annual sacrifice

thank offering

in ritual of H & P

the slaughter of hostile nations

the verb used

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2077 זֶ֫בַח sacrifice

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2077 zebach zeh'-bakh

from 2076; properly, a slaughter, i.e. the flesh of an

animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the

act):--offer(- ing), sacrifice.

see HEBREW for 02076

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֶ֫בַח (ze.vach) — sacrifice.

1) sacrifice

1a) sacrifices of righteousness

1b) sacrifices of strife

1c) sacrifices to dead things

1d) the covenant sacrifice

1e) the passover

1f) annual sacrifice

1g) thank offering

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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