Ezra 6:13 — Word Study
WLCאֱ֠דַיִן תַּתְּנַ֞י פַּחַ֧ת עֲבַֽר־ נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁתַ֥ר בּוֹזְנַ֖י וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן לָקֳבֵ֗ל דִּֽי־ שְׁלַ֞ח דָּרְיָ֧וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֛א כְּנֵ֖מָא אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא עֲבַֽדוּ׃
BSAIn responseʼĕdayin [as a result, accordingly] TattenaiTattᵉnay [a high-ranking official] the governorpechâh [prefect, ruler] of the region westʻăbar [province, territory, beyond, on the other side] of the Euphratesnᵉhar [a major river] Shethar-bozenaiShᵉthar Bôwzᵉnay [a Persian officer, a companion] and their associateskᵉnâth [companions, fellow officials] diligentlyʼoçparnâʼ [with all diligence, eagerly] carried outʻăbad [executed, performed] whatdîy Kingmelek [a ruler] DariusDârᵉyâvêsh [a title for Persian kings, a monarch] had decreedshᵉlach [sent, commanded, given an order]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֱ֠דַיִן | then | Adverb |
| תַּתְּנַ֞י | Tattenai | Noun proper masculine |
| פַּחַ֧ת | [the] governor of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| עֲבַֽר־ | [the] region beyond | Noun common, both singular construct |
| נַהֲרָ֛ה | river the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| שְׁתַ֥ר | Shethar- | Noun proper masculine |
| בּוֹזְנַ֖י | Bozenai | Noun proper masculine |
| וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן | and associates their | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| לָקֳבֵ֗ל | before | Preposition, noun common both singular construct |
| דִּֽי־ | that | Conjunction |
| שְׁלַ֞ח | he had sent | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| דָּרְיָ֧וֶשׁ | Darius | Noun proper masculine |
| מַלְכָּ֛א | king the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| כְּנֵ֖מָא | accordingly | Adverb |
| אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא | diligently | Adverb |
| עֲבַֽדוּ׃ | they did | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | In response, Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates diligently carried out what King Darius had decreed. |
| KJV | ¶ Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily. |
| ASV | Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, because that Darius the king had sent, did accordingly with all diligence. |
| YLT | Then Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-Boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king hath sent, so they have done speedily; |
| WEB | Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence, because Darius the king had sent a decree. |
| BBE | Then Tattenai, the ruler across the river, and Shethar-bozenai and their people, because of the order given by King Darius, did as he had said with all care. |
Where they part company is אֱדַיִן — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several subordinate phrases that elaborate on the subjects and actions.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbשְׁלַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezra 6:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Response of Tattenaigenerated
Ezra 6:13 recounts how Tattenai, the governor, along with Shethar-bozenai and their associates, responded to King Darius's decree. Their prompt action illustrates the importance of obedience to royal commands during the time of the Exile and Return, as they played a significant role in the rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezra 4:9–23 | From Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their associates—the judges and officials over Tripolis, Persia, Erech and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa, |
| 2 | Ezra 5:6 | This is the text of the letter that Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates, the officials in the region, sent to King Darius. |
| 3 | Esther 6:11 | So Haman took the robe and the horse, arrayed Mordecai, and paraded him through the city square, crying out before him, “This is what is done for the man whom the king is delighted to honor!” |
| 4 | Job 5:12–13 | He thwarts the schemes of the crafty, so that their hands find no success. |
| 5 | Proverbs 29:26 | Many seek the ruler’s favor, but a man receives justice from the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱדַיִן, 'E.da.yingenerated
The word אֱדַיִן (*'edayin*) is an Aramaic adverb meaning 'then' or 'thereupon.' It indicates a specific point in time, often used to show a sequence of events. The parsing as an adverb suggests it modifies the action that follows, establishing a temporal context.
This word is derived from the Hebrew word אָז (*az*), which also indicates time. Its use here emphasizes the immediacy of Tattenai's actions in response to the king's decree.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses then for אֱדַיִן. The KJV and others also follow this rendering, maintaining a consistent translation of the word.
Where translations differ is in the rendering of עֲבַֽר־. The BSB and several versions use beyond, while others like the ULB use province. This highlights a nuance in the geographical understanding of the term.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb שְׁלַ֞ח, he had sent, governs the entire clause, with several noun phrases and a prepositional phrase detailing the subjects and their actions. The structure emphasizes the officials' response to a command.
The order of the noun phrases places Tattenai first, indicating his prominence as the subject. The subsequent phrases elaborate on the associates and the geographical context, providing clarity to the actions taken.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek word τότε for אֱדַיִן, which translates as 'then'. This choice aligns with the temporal aspect of the original Hebrew, reinforcing the sequence of actions.
For עֲבַֽר־, the LXX translates it as πέραν, indicating a geographical boundary, similar to the Hebrew meaning of 'beyond'. This shows consistency in the understanding of the region referenced.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezra 6:13 describes how Tattenai, the governor, and his associates responded to King Darius's command. They diligently executed the orders given to them, showing their commitment to the king's decree regarding the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Tattenai was a Persian governor who played a significant role during the Exile and Return, particularly in overseeing the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
It implies that Tattenai and his associates acted with urgency and care in carrying out the king's orders.
The decree authorized the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem, marking an important moment in the restoration of the Jewish community.
This verse illustrates the challenges and responses faced by the Jewish people during their return from exile and the rebuilding of their homeland.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to act diligently in our own responsibilities?
- How can we apply the principle of obedience to authority in our lives today?
- In what ways can we support those who are working to rebuild or restore something in our community?
- What lessons can we learn from Tattenai's response to King Darius's decree?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Bede comments on Ezra's narrative, noting how Tattenai and his associates executed the king's decree diligently, reflecting the faith of the people.
Therefore, Thathannai, the governor of the region beyond the river, and his associates executed it diligently, etc. And now also, with people flocking to the faith, and sometimes even from those who are outside, favoring its peace,Early Church Fathers on Ezra 6 →
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezra 6:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThen Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shetharboznai, and their companions,.... Having received and read the above letter: according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did
Read John Gill on Ezra 6 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThen Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily. Then Tatnai ... did speedily.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezra 6 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzra 6:13 Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shetharboznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily.Ver. 13. So they did speedily] This they did, because they durst do no otherwise; their obedience was wrung out of them, as sour juice is out of a crab, or as distilled water is forced out by the heat of the fire. Thus some perform duties, aud yet hate them; part with sins, and yet love them. Show the malefactor the rack, and he will say or do anything. This is to fear God for his lions, as those mongrels did, 2 Kings 17:33-34, timore servili, non amicali, fearing slavery not God, which yet may addere alas, add to their strength…
Read John Trapp on Ezra 6 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13–18. Darius’s decree executed: (a) The Temple completed, (14, 15), (b) duly consecrated and dedicated (16–18)13. according to that which Darius the king had sent] R.V. because that. R.V. marg. ‘because of that which’. The A.V. fails to give the meaning of the original. The rendering of the R.V. margin seems preferable. The prompt action of the governor was the result not so much of the king’s sending (for in any case an answer to the governor’s question was expected) as of the emphatic command contained in the royal letter. In the face of this explicit order, steps were at once taken. so they did speedily] R.V. did accordingly with all diligence. See Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:12, Ezra 5:8. We have…
Read Cambridge on Ezra 6 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE TEMPLE AND , Ezra 6:13-18. 14. Prospered through the prophesying of Haggai… and Zechariah — The extant writings of these prophets give evidence that the Jews needed continual prompting and
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezra 6 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
In response, Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates diligently carried out what King Darius had decreed.
Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence, because Darius the king had sent a decree.
In response, Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates diligently carried out what King Darius had decreed.
Then Tattenai governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-Bozenai, and their colleagues acted accordingly – with precision, just as Darius the king had given instructions.
Tyndale line
¶ Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily.
Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, because that Darius the king had sent, did accordingly with all diligence.
Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the river; Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, because that Darius the king had sent, did accordingly with all diligence.
Then Tatnai governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily.
Then Tatnai the captaine beyond the Riuer, and Shethar Boznai and their companions, according to that which Darius had sent, so they did speedily.
Strictly literal
Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, because of that which king Darius had sent, did so diligently.
Then Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-Boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king hath sent, so they have done speedily;
Then Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-Boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king has sent, so they have done speedily;
Then did Thathnai the, governor on this aide of the river, Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, in accordance with what king Darius had sent, act in this manner speedily.
Then because of the decree sent by Darius the king, Tattenai, the governor of the Province Beyond the River, and Shethar-Bozenai and his associates, did everything that King Darius had ordered.
From the Latin
So then Thathanai, governor of the country beyond the river, and Stharbuzanai, and his counsellors diligently executed what Darius the king had commanded.
Simplified
Tattenai, the governor of the province west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their fellow officials faithfully carried out what King Darius had decreed.
Then Tattenai, the ruler across the river, and Shethar-bozenai and their people, because of the order given by King Darius, did as he had said with all care.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with 13 of the 16 words matched. The differences in word order reflect the distinct syntactical styles of Hebrew and Greek, but the essential meaning remains consistent.
אֱ֠דַיִן תַּתְּנַ֞י פַּחַ֧ת עֲבַֽר־ נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁתַ֥ר בּוֹזְנַ֖י וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן לָקֳבֵ֗ל דִּֽי־ שְׁלַ֞ח דָּרְיָ֧וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֛א כְּנֵ֖מָא אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא עֲבַֽדוּ׃
13 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezra 6:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אֱדַ֫יִן (*edayin*) is an Aramaic adverb meaning 'then' or 'thereupon.' It indicates a point in time, often used to refer to a sequence of events. The entries suggest it is derived from the word for 'then' in Hebrew, אָז (*az*).
אֱדַ֫יִן 57 adv. then, thereupon
base
H116 אֱדַ֫יִן
116 'edayin ed-ah'-yin
(Aramaic) of uncertain derivation; then (of time):--now,
that time, then.
אֱדַ֫יִן (e.da.yin) — then.
then, afterwards, thereupon, from that time
Aramaic of az (אָז "then" H0227A)
Adj — AdverbAD
תַּתְּנַי (Tattnay) refers to a Persian governor in Syria, mentioned in the context of the Exile and Return, specifically in Ezra 5:3. The name is derived from a term meaning 'gift.' Lexicons agree that Tattenai was an official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
תַּתְּנַי n.pr.m. Pers. prefect in Syria
base
H8674 תַּתְּנַי
8674 Tattnay tat-ten-ah'-ee
of foreign derivation; Tattenai, a Persian:--Tatnai.
תַּתְּנַי (ta.te.nay) — Tattenai.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.5.3
§ Tatnai = "gift"
a Persian governor in Syria who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem
Adj — Noun proper masculineANpm
tat'-e-ni (tattenay, various forms in the Septuagint; the King James Version Tatnai, tat'ni, tat'na-i'): A Persian governor, who was the successor of Rehum in Samaria and some other provinces belonging to Judah, bordering on Samaria. He governed the provinces during the reign of Darius Hystaspis and Zerubbabel (Ezr 5:3,6; 6:6,13). He was friendly to the Jews, and when he heard adverse reports from Jerusalem he suspended judgment till he had investigated the matter on the ground, and then reported to the Persian government in a very moderate manner. In 1 Esdras 6:3,7,27; 7:1 he is called "Sisinnes."
S. L. Umbach
פֶּחָה (pechah) refers to a governor or captain, with roots in Aramaic. The term is linked to a similar word in Hebrew, indicating a position of authority. It appears in contexts related to governance, though specific verses are not provided.
פֶּחָה n.m. (Bab. or Pers.) governor
base
H6347 פֶּחָה
6347 pechah peh-khaw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6346:--captain, governor.
see HEBREW for 06346
פֶּחָה (pe.chah) — governor.
governor
Aramaic of pe.chah (פֶּחָה "governor" H6346)
Adj — Noun common · feminine singular constructANcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֲבַר (abar) refers to a region that is across or beyond. It is related to the Aramaic word for 'side' and is linked to the concept of being on the other side of something. The entries emphasize its geographical implications, but do not provide specific Old Testament references.
עֲבַר n.m. region across, beyond
base
H5675 עֲבַר
5675 `abar ab-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5676:--beyond, this side.
see HEBREW for 05676
עֲבַר (a.var) — beyond.
region beyond or across
Aramaic of e.ver (עֵ֫בֶר ": side" H5676)
Adj — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
be-yond': Found in the Hebrew only in its application to space and time, and for these ideas three words are employed: hale'ah (Ge 35:21) = "to the distance"; `abhar = "to go beyond" "to cross" derivative `ebher (Chald. `abhar) = "across," "beyond" (De 30:13; Jos 18:7; Jud 3:26; 1Sa 20:36; 2Ch 20:2; Ezr 4:17,20; Jer 25:22); and `al (Le 15:25) = "beyond the time." In the New Testament peran, is used to…
Beyond
When used with reference to Jordan, signifies in the writings of Moses the west side of the river, as he wrote on the east bank (Gen. 50:10, 11; Deut. 1:1, 5; 3:8, 20; 4:46); but in the writings of Joshua, after he had crossed the river, it means the east side (Josh. 5:1; 12:7; 22:7).
נְהַר (neh-har) means 'river' and is particularly associated with the Euphrates. It is derived from a root related to another word for river. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a river or stream, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
נְהַר 14 n.m. river
base
H5103 נְהַר
5103 nhar neh-har'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 5102; a river,
especially the Euphrates:--river, stream.
see HEBREW for 05102
נְהַר (ne.har) — River.
The River
Aramaic of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נְהַר (ne.har) — river.
river
Aramaic of na.har (נָהָר "river" H5104H)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
riv'-er:
(1) The usual word is nahar (Aramaic nehar (Ezr 4:10, etc.)), used of the rivers of Eden (Ge 2:10-14), often of the Euphrates (Ge 15:18, etc.), of Abana and Pharpar (2Ki 5:12), the river of Gozan (2Ki 17:6), the river Chebar (Eze 1:1), the rivers (canals?) of Babylon (Ps 137:1), the rivers of Ethiopia (Isa 18:1; Ze 3:10). Compare nahr, the common Arabic word for "river."
River
(1.) Heb. ‘aphik, properly the channel or ravine that holds water (2 Sam. 22:16), translated “brook,” “river,” “stream,” but not necessarily a perennial stream (Ezek. 6:3; 31:12; 32:6; 34:13).
(2.) Heb. nahal, in winter a “torrent,” in summer a “wady” or valley (Gen. 32:23; Deut. 2:24; 3:16; Isa. 30:28; Lam. 2:18; Ezek. 47:9).
These winter torrents sometimes come down with great suddenness and with desolating force. A distinguished traveller thus describes his experience in this matter…
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, "the river," it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 24:6; 2 Samuel 10:16) etc. It is never applied to the fleeting…
This word answers in our Bible to various Hebrew terms, of which the principal are the following:
1. Yeor, an Egyptian word signifying river. It is always applied to the Nile and its various canals, except in Job 28:10 Da 12:5,6,7 2. Nahar, applied, like our word river, to constantly flowing streams, such as the Euphrates. In our version this word is sometimes rendered "flood," Jos 24:2,3, etc.
3. Nahal, a torrent-bed, or valley through which water flows in the rainy season only, Nu 34:5, etc; frequently rendered "brook," Nu 13:28 Job 6:15, etc. Such streams are to the…
שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי n.pr.m. Pers. official
base
H8370 שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי
8370 Shthar Bowznay sheth-ar' bo-zen-ah'-ee
of foreign derivation; Shethar-Bozenai, a Persian
officer:--Shethar-boznai.
שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (she.tar bo.ze.nay) — Shethar-bozenai.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.5.3
§ Shethar-boznai = "star of splendour"
a Persian officer in the reign of Darius
Adj — Noun proper masculineANpm
she'-thar (~shethar]; Codex Vaticanus and Lucian, Sarsathaios; Codex Alexandrinus Sarestheos): One of the "seven princes" at the court of Ahasuerus (Es 1:14); these princes "sat first in the kingdom" and had the right of entrance to the king's presence at any time, except when he was in the company of one of his wives. (According to Marquart, Fund., 69, Shethar comes from sh-r-sh-th-y with which the Persian siyatis, "joy," is to be compared.) The word has never really been satisfactorily explained; it is presumably Persian.
Shethar
A star, a prince at the court of Ahasuerus (Esther 1:14).
(Pers. a star), one of the seven princes of Persia and Media. (Esther 1:14) (B.C. 483.)
putrefied; searching
שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי n.pr.m. Pers. official
base
H8370 שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי
8370 Shthar Bowznay sheth-ar' bo-zen-ah'-ee
of foreign derivation; Shethar-Bozenai, a Persian
officer:--Shethar-boznai.
שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (she.tar bo.ze.nay) — Shethar-bozenai.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.5.3
§ Shethar-boznai = "star of splendour"
a Persian officer in the reign of Darius
ANpm — Noun proper masculineANpm
כְּנָת (knath) means 'associate' or 'companion' in Aramaic. It is derived from a related term, כְּנָת (ke.nat), which also conveys the idea of companionship. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as an associate, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.
[כְּנָת] n.m. associate
base
H3675 כְּנָת
3675 knath ken-awth'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3674:--companion.
see HEBREW for 03674
כְּנָת (ke.nat) — associate.
companion, associate
Aramaic of ke.nat (כְּנָת "associate" H3674)
Adj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixAC/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
קֳבֵל, transliterated as qbel, is an Aramaic word meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' It functions as a noun, preposition, conjunction, and adverb, conveying ideas of location and causation, such as 'because of' or 'therefore.' The entries indicate that it is derived from a related term, קָבַל (H6905), and cover a range of uses in context.
קֳבֵל 29 subst. front, as prep. in front of, before, because of; as conj. because that
base
H6903 קֳבֵל, קְבֵל
6903 qbel keb-ale'
(Aramaic) or qobel (Aramaic) {kob-ale'}; (corresponding to
6905; (adverbially) in front of; usually (with other
particles) on account of, so as, since, hence:--+ according
to, + as, + because, before, + for this cause, + forasmuch as,
+ by this means, over against, by reason of, + that, +
therefore, + though, + wherefore.
see HEBREW for 06905
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before: because.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
AR/Ncbsc — Preposition · noun common both singular constructAR/Ncbsc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
Adj — ConjunctionAC
שְׁלַח (shlach) primarily means 'to send.' It can refer to the act of sending or being sent, with a focus on the P'al stem, which indicates a simple action. The word is connected to the Aramaic form and has a relationship with the Hebrew root found in H7971.
H7972 שְׁלַח
7972 shlach shel-akh'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7971:--put, send.
see HEBREW for 07971
שְׁלַח (she.lach) — to send.
1) to send
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to send, send out
1a2) to be sent
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularAVqp3ms
דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ (daryavesh) refers to 'Darius,' a name associated with several historical figures, particularly during the time of the Exile and Return. The entries identify Darius the Mede, the son of Ahasuerus, and Darius the son of Hystaspes, among others. The name means 'lord' and is first mentioned in Ezra 4:5 and Daniel 5:31.
דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ 15 n.pr.m.
Darius Hystaspis
‘Darius the Mede’
base
H1868 דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ, דָּֽרְיָוֵשׁ
1868 Daryavesh daw-reh-yaw-vaysh'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1867:--Darius.
see HEBREW for 01867
דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ (dar.ya.vesh) — Darius.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.4.5
Aramaic of dar.ya.vesh (דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ "Darius" H1867H)
§ Darius = "lord"
1) Darius the Mede, the son of Ahasuerus, king of the Chaldeans, who succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom on the death of Belshazzar; probably the same as "Astyages" the last king of the Medes (538 BC) (same as dar.ya.vesh (דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ "Darius" H1867) (1))
2) Darius, the son of Hystaspes, the founder of the Perso-Arian dynasty (521 BC) (same as (2))
3) Darius II or Darius III
3a) Darius II, Nothus (Ochus) was king of Persia during the time of Nehemiah (424/3-405/4 BC). Darius II is the most probable because he is mentioned by Nehemiah and ruled during the time of Nehemiah
Adj — Noun proper masculineANpm
da-ri'-us: The name of three or four kings mentioned in the Old Testament. In the original Persian it is spelled "Darayavaush"; in Babylonian, usually "Dariamush"; in Susian(?), "Tariyamaush"; in Egyptian "Antaryuash"; on Aramaic inscriptions, d-r-y-h-w-sh or d-r-y-w-h-w-sh; in Hebrew, dareyawesh; in Greek, Dareios; in Latin, "Darius." In meaning it is probably connected with the new Persian word Dara, "king." Herodotus says it means in Greek, Erxeies, coercitor, "restrainer," "compeller," "commander."
(1) Darius the Mede (Da 6:1; 11:1) was the son of Ahasuerus (Xerxes) of the seed of the Medes (Da 9:1). He received the government of Belshazzar the Chaldean upon the death of that prince (Da 5:30,31; 6:1), and was made king over…
Darius
The holder or supporter, the name of several Persian kings. (1.) Darius the Mede (Dan. 11:1), “the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes” (9:1). On the death of Belshazzar the Chaldean he “received the kingdom” of Babylon as viceroy from Cyrus. During his brief reign (B.C. 538-536) Daniel was promoted to the highest dignity (Dan. 6:1, 2); but on account of the malice of his enemies he was cast into the den of lions. After his miraculous escape, a decree was issued by Darius enjoining “reverence for the God of Daniel” (6:26). This king was probably the “Astyages” of the Greek historians. Nothing can, however, be with certainty affirmed regarding him. Some are of opinion that the name “Darius” is simply a name of office, equivalent to “governor,” and that the “Gobryas” of…
(lord), the name of several kings of Media and Persia. DARIUS THE MEDE, (Daniel 6:1; 11:1) "the son of Ahasuerus," (Daniel 9:1) who succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom ont he death of Belshazzar, being then sixty-two years old. (Daniel 5:31; 9:1) (B.C. 538.) Only one year of his reign is mentioned, (Daniel 9:1; 11:1) but that was of great importance for the Jews. Daniel was advanced by the king to the highest dignity, (Daniel 6:1) ff., and in his reign was cast into the lions’ den. Dan. 6. This Darius is probably the same as "Astyages," the last king of the Medes. DARIUS, the son of Hystaspes the founder of the Perso-Arian…
1. DARIUS THE MEDE
Da 5:31 9:1 11:1, was son of Astyages king of the Medes, and brother of Mandane mother of Cyrus, and of Amyit the mother of Evil-merodach and grandmother of Belshazzar: thus he was uncle, by the mother’s side, to Evil-merodach and to Cyrus. The Hebrew generally calls him Darius; the Septuagint, Artaxerxes; and Xenophon, Cyaxares. Darius dethroned Belshazzar king of the Chaldeans, and occupied the throne till his death two years after, when it reverted to the illustrious Cyrus. In his reign Daniel was cast into the lion’s den, Da 6:1-28.
2. DARIUS HYSTASPIS
Spoken of in Ezr 4:1-7:28, Haggai, and Zechariah, as the king who renewed the permission to rebuild the temple, given to the Jews by Cyrus and afterwards…
מֶ֫לֶךְ (melek) means 'king' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries confirm its singular meaning related to royalty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 178 n.m. king
base
H4430 מֶ֫לֶךְ
4430 melek meh'-lek
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4428; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04428
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
king
Aramaic of me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4428)
§ 1) king
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
King
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).
This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;
"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…
כְּנֵ֫מָא (knema') is an Aramaic adverb meaning 'thus' or 'so.' It conveys a sense of manner or way of doing something, often used to introduce a statement or explanation. The entries consistently highlight its use in a similar context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
כְּנֵ֫מָא adv. accordingly, as follows
base
H3660 כְּנֵ֫מָא
3660 knema' ken-ay-maw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3644; so or thus:--so, (in) this
manner (sort), thus.
see HEBREW for 03644
כְּנֵ֫מָא (ke.ne.ma) — thus.
thus, so, accordingly, as follows
AD — AdverbAD
אׇסְפַּרְנָא (ocparna) is an Aramaic word of Persian origin, meaning 'diligently' or 'thoroughly.' It conveys a sense of speed or eagerness in action. The various lexicons consistently emphasize its meaning related to diligence, with no significant disagreements noted.
אׇסְפַּרְנָא adv. thoroughly, RV. with (all) diligence
base
H629 אׇסְפַּרְנָא
629 'ocparna' os-par-naw'
(Aramaic) of Persian derivation; diligently:--fast,
forthwith, speed(-ily).
אׇסְפַּרְנָא (os.par.na) — diligently.
1) thoroughly
2) (CLBL) eagerly, diligently
Adj — AdverbAD
עֲבַד (abad) primarily means to make or do. It encompasses actions such as creating, performing, or executing tasks. The word can also imply a state of being made or done, as noted in its various forms. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עֲבַד vb. make, do
Pe.
make
do
Hithpe.
be made into
be done, wrought
base
H5648 עֲבַד
5648 `abad ab-bad'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5647; to do, make, prepare, keep,
etc.:--X cut, do, execute, go on, make, move, work.
see HEBREW for 05647
עֲבַד (a.vad) — to make.
1) to make, do
1a)(P'al)
1a1) to make, create
1a2) to do, perform
1b) (Ithp'al)
1b1) to be made into
1b2) to be done, be wrought, be performed, be executed, be carried out
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine pluralAVqp3mp