1 Samuel 30:28 — Word Study
WLCוְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בַּעֲרֹעֵ֛ר וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִֽׂפְמ֖וֹת וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ ס
BSAto thoseʼăsher [who were present, in the area] in AroerʻĂrôwʻêr [a city of ruins] SiphmothSiphmôwth△ [a fruitful place] and EshtemoaʼEshtᵉmôaʻ [a city where God is heard]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר | and for [those] who | Conjunction, preposition, particle |
| בַּעֲרֹעֵ֛ר | [were] in Aroer | Preposition, noun proper |
| וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר | and for [those] who | Conjunction, preposition, particle |
| בְּשִֽׂפְמ֖וֹת | [were] in Siphmoth | Preposition, noun proper |
| וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר | and for [those] who | Conjunction, preposition, particle |
| בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ ס | [were] in Eshtemoa | Preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa; |
| KJV | And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, |
| ASV | and to them that were in Aroer, and to them that were in Siphmoth, and to them that were in Eshtemoa, |
| YLT | and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa, |
| WEB | to those who were in Aroer, to those who were in Siphmoth, to those who were in Eshtemoa, |
| BBE | And to those in Arara and Eshtemoa |
The translations agree on the wording for this verse.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by several prepositional phrases detailing the locations.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 6 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Samuel 30:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — David's Gifts to Judahgenerated
1 Samuel 30:28 shows David distributing gifts to various towns in Judah after a successful campaign. This reflects his leadership and care for the communities within his kingdom, ensuring that those who supported him were recognized and rewarded.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 13:16 | The territory from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the middle of the valley, to the whole plateau beyond Medeba, |
| 2 | Joshua 15:50 | Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, |
| 3 | Joshua 21:14 | Jattir, Eshtemoa, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֲשֶׁר, ve.la.'a.Shergenerated
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) serves as a conjunction, connecting clauses and introducing relative clauses. It can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' indicating relationships between ideas or places.
In this verse, it connects the gifts being sent to the recipients in the cities mentioned. This connection emphasizes the importance of those who are receiving the gifts, highlighting David's acknowledgment of their presence and contributions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the wording for this verse, consistently rendering the locations as cities where gifts were sent.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the finite verb implied in the context of sending gifts, with several prepositional phrases detailing the locations: אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲרֹעֵר, בְּשִֽׂפְמ֖וֹת, and בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ.
Hebrew syntax places the prepositional phrases before the main action, emphasizing the recipients of David's gifts.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֲשֶׁר with τοῖς, which serves as a definite article in Greek, indicating specific recipients. This choice aligns with the Hebrew's intent to specify the locations.
The Greek rendering maintains the focus on the cities, though it does not capture the relative pronoun's full range of meaning.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Samuel 30:28 describes how David sent gifts to towns in Judah, including Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa. These towns were important in the region, and David's actions show his appreciation for those who supported him.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The cities Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa were significant locations in Judah, indicating David's recognition of various communities within his kingdom.
David sent gifts as a gesture of goodwill and gratitude to those who supported him, reinforcing alliances and loyalty among the tribes of Judah.
Aroer means 'ruins' and refers to a city that was significant in the biblical narrative, mentioned in the context of Israelite territory.
Eshtemoa means 'I will make myself heard,' indicating its role as a Levitical city where worship and communication with God were emphasized.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I show appreciation to those who support me in my life?
- What are some ways I can contribute to my community, similar to David's gestures?
- Why is it important to recognize and support the places and people around us?
- In what ways can I be a leader who acknowledges the contributions of others?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Samuel 30:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd to [them] which [were] in Aroer,.... Not Aroer in the tribe of Gad beyond Jordan, where David is never said to be, but some city of this name in the tribe of Judah; the Greek version of Jos
Read John Gill on 1 Samuel 30 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, Aroer - the modern 'Ar'ar'ah, situated somewhere in Wady Ar'ar'ah, which was not far from Beer-sheba.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Samuel 30 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAroer; not that beyond Jordan, , as many think, which was too remote from David; but another place of that name in Judah, where the rest of the places here named were; this being one of those places where David and his men were wont to haunt, as is expressed, .
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Samuel 30 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Samuel 30:28 And to [them] which [were] in Aroer, and to [them] which [were] in Siphmoth, and to [them] which [were] in Eshtemoa,Ver. 28. In Siphmoth.] Alias Shephum.
Read John Trapp on 1 Samuel 30 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) Aroer . . . Siphmoth and . . . Eshtemoa.—Aroer, a city, with colossal ruins of foundation walls, south of Hebron. Of Siphmoth nothing is known. Zabdi, the Shiphmite (1 Chronicles 27:27), who was over King David’s cellars, clearly comes from Siphmoth. Bishop Hervey well calls attention to a remarkable proof of the grateful nature of David and his fidelity to his early friendships, “that we find among those employed by David in offices of trust in the height of his power so many inhabitants of these obscure places, where he found friends in the days of his early difficulties. Ezri, the son of Shemei the Ramathite, Zabdi the Shiphmite, and many others, were among the friends of his…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Samuel 30 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. In Aroer] Situated beyond Jordan, on the banks of the river Arnon, in the tribe of God. Siphmoth] Supposed to be the same with Shepham, Numbers 34:10, on the eastern border of the promised land. Eshtemoa] Another city in the tribe of Judah. See Joshua 15:50.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Samuel 30 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. Aroer] Obviously not the famous city on the R. Arnon. Perhaps the name survives in the Wady Arârah, some 20 miles south of Hebron, where Robinson found evident traces of an ancient village or town (II. 199). “Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite” are mentioned in the catalogue of David’s valiant men (1 Chronicles 11:44). Siphmoth] mentioned nowhere else, unless it was the home of Zabdi the Shiphmite, the steward of David’s wine-cellars (1 Chronicles 27:27). Eshtemoa] A priestly city (Joshua 15:50; Joshua 21:14); now Es Semûa, nine miles S.S.W. of Hebron, “a considerable village, situated on a low hill, with broad valleys round about, fall of flocks and herds. In several…
Read Cambridge on 1 Samuel 30 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAroer - Not Aroer on the Arnon, but (if rightly written) some town in Judah, not elsewhere named.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Samuel 30 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa;
to those who were in Aroer, to those who were in Siphmoth, to those who were in Eshtemoa,
to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa;
for those in Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa,
Tyndale line
And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa,
and to them that were in Aroer, and to them that were in Siphmoth, and to them that were in Eshtemoa,
and to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa;
And to them who were in Aroer, and to them who were in Siphmoth, and to them who were in Eshtemoa,
And to them of Aroer, and to them of Siphmoth, and to them of Eshtemoa,
Strictly literal
and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa,
and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa,
and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa,
And to those who were in 'Aro'er, and to those who were in Siphmoth, and to those who were in Eshtemoa',
and to those who were in Aroer, and to those who were in Siphmoth, and to those who were in Eshtemoa.
From the Latin
And to them that were in Aroer and that were in Sephamoth, and that were in Esthamo,
Simplified
Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa,
And to those in Arara and Eshtemoa
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, confirming the cities mentioned. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain a fragment that matches the Masoretic Text closely, with some words supplied by an editor due to damage.
וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בַּעֲרֹעֵ֛ר וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִֽׂפְמ֖וֹת וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ ס
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ולאשר] [בערער] [ולאשר] [בשפמות] [ולאשר] באשתמע
1 word on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Samuel 30:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Conj | Prep | Rel — Conjunction · preposition · particleHC/R/Tr
עֲרֹעֵר (Aroer) refers to a city name meaning "ruins". It denotes three locations: one on the northern bank of the Arnon River, another near Rabbah in Ammon, and a third in southern Judah. The entries suggest a geographical significance in the context of ancient Israelite territory.
עֲרֹעֵר 10, עֲרוֹעֵר 5, עַרְעֹר 1 n.pr.loc.
city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.
city near Rabbah in Ammon
city in S. Judah
base
H6177 עֲרֹעֵר, עֲרוֹעֵר, עַרְעֹר . city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.
. city near Rabbah in Ammon
. city in S. Judah
6177 `Arow`er ar-o-ayr'
or `Aro`er {ar-o-ayr'}; or `Ar`owr {ar-ore'}; the same as
6176; nudity of situation; Aroer, the name of three places in
or near Palestine:--Aroer.
see HEBREW for 06176
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
Aroer = "ruins"
a city in Ammon near the Jabbok belonging to Gad
Also named: a.ro.e.ri (עֲרֹעֵרִי "Aroerite" H6200)
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
§ Aroer = "ruins"
a city on the north bank of the river Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon the king of the Amorites and later of Reuben; modern 'Arair'
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
§ Aroer = "ruins"
a town in southern Judah
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
a-ro'-er (`aro'er; Aroer):
(1) A city of the Amorites which stood on the northern edge of the Arnon (De 2:36, etc.). Taken by Israel, it shared the vicissitudes of the country north of the river, and when last named (Jer 48:19) is again in the hands of Moab. It is one of the cities which Mesha claims to have built, i.e. fortified. It was within the territory allotted to Reuben, yet its building (fortification) is attributed to Gad (Nu 32:34). Thus far came the Syrian, Hazael, in his raid upon Israel (2Ki 10:33). The Roman road across the valley lay about an hour to the West of Khirbet `Ara`ir.
Aroer
Ruins. (1.) A town on the north bank of the Arnon (Deut. 4:48; Judg. 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33), the southern boundary of the kingdom of Sihon (Josh. 12:2). It is now called Arair, 13 miles west of the Dead Sea.
(2.) One of the towns built by the tribe of Gad (Num. 32:34) “before Rabbah” (Josh. 13:25), the Ammonite capital. It was famous in the history of Jephthah (Judg. 11:33) and of David (2 Sam. 24:5). (Comp.
(ruins). A city on the torrent Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon king of the Amorites and afterwards of the tribe of Reuben, (2:36; 3:12; 4:48; Joshua 12:2; 13:9,16; Judges 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33; 1 Chronicles 5:8) but later again in possession of Moab. (Jeremiah 48:19) It is the modern Ara’ir , upon the very edge of the precipitous north bank of the Wady Mojeb . Aroer, "that is ’facing’ Rahbah" (Rabbah of Ammon), a town built by and belonging to Gad. (Numbers 32:34; Joshua 13:25;
1. An ancient city on the north side of the Arnon, in the southern border of the tribe of Reuben, De 2:36 4:48 Jos 13:9. It was in the territory of the Amorites, Jos 12:2, but seems to have fallen at a later day into the hands of Moab, Jer 48:19. See ARNON.
2. A town in the tribe of God, probably east of Rabbath-Ammon, Jos 13:25, and perhaps on the Jabbok, 2Sa 24:5. It is mentioned in Jud 11:33
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HC/R/Tr — Conjunction · preposition · particleHC/R/Tr
שִׂפְמוֹת (siphmowth) is a feminine plural form referring to a location in Palestine, specifically in the Negev region of southern Judah. The name is associated with the meaning 'fruitful.' It appears in 1 Samuel 30:28.
שִׂפֲמוֹת n.pr.loc. in Negeb 1 S 30:28
ref
H8224 שִׂפֲמוֹת, שִׂפְמוֹת
8224 Siphmowth sif-moth'
feminine plural of 8221; Siphmoth, a place in
Palestine:--Siphmoth.
see HEBREW for 08221
שִׂפְמוֹת (siph.mot) — Siphmoth.
§ Siphmoth = "fruitful"
a place in the Nekeb in southern Judah
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
sif'-moth, sif'-moth (siphmoth (Ginsburg), shiphamoth (Baer); Saphei): One of the cities to which David sent presents from Ziklag (1Sa 30:28). It occurs between Aroer and Eshtemoa, so it must have been somewhere in Southern Judah. The site has not been recovered. Zabdi the Shiphmite (1Ch 27:27) may quite probably have been a native of this place.
Siphmoth
Fruitful places, some unknown place in the south, where David found friends when he fled from Saul (1 Sam. 30:28).
(fruitful), one of the places in the south of Judah which David frequented during his freebooting life. (1 Samuel 30:28)
→ A city of the tribe of Judah 1Sa 30:28
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HC/R/Tr — Conjunction · preposition · particleHC/R/Tr
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (Eshtmoa) refers to a Levitical city in the mountainous region of Judah, south of Hebron. The name is derived from a root suggesting obedience and is associated with meanings like 'I will make myself heard.' There are variations in the name, including אֶשְׁתְּמֹה (Eshtemoh), which carries different connotations.
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹה n.pr.loc. Levitical city in mountain-country of Judah, south of Hebron
base
H851 אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ
851 'Eshtmoa` esh-tem-o'-ah
or bEshtmowam {esh-tem-o'-ah}; or sEshtmoh {esh-tem-o'}; from
8085 (in the sense of obedience); Eshtemoa or Eshtemoh, a
place in Palestine:--Eshtemoa, Eshtemoh.
see HEBREW for 08085
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (esh.te.mo.a) — Eshtemoa.
§ Eshtemoa = "I will make myself heard" Eshtemoh = "I shall cause my own ruin: fire of astonishment: I shall soar aloft"
a Levitical city in Judah
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
esh-te-mo'-a, esh'-te-mo-a ('eshtemoa`):
A Levitical city in the hill country of Judah (Jos 21:14; 1Ch 6:57); Eshtemoh ('eshtemoh, Jos 15:50). In 1ch 4:17,19, Eshtemoa is said to be a Maacathite and "son" of Ishbah. David after routing the Amalekites sent a present to his friends in (among other places) Eshtemoa (1Sa 30:28).
It is now es-Semu`a, a considerable village of evident antiquity some 8 miles South of Hebron.
Eshtemoa
Obedience, a town in the mountains of Judah (Josh. 21:14; 1 Chr. 6:57), which was allotted, with the land round it, to the priests. It was frequented by David and his followers during their wanderings; and he sent presents of the spoil of the Amalekites to his friends there (1 Sam. 30:28). It is identified with es-Semu’a, a village about 3 1/2 miles east of Socoh, and 7 or 8 miles south of Hebron, around which there are ancient remains of the ruined city. It is the centre of the “south country” or Negeb. It is also called “Eshtemoh” (Josh. 15:50).
and in shorter form Eshtemoh (obedience), a town of Judah in the mountains, (Joshua 15:50) allotted to the priest. (Joshua 21:14; 1 Chronicles 6:57) It was one of the places frequented by David and his followers during the long period of their wanderings. (1 Samuel 30:28) comp. 1Sam 30:31 Its site is at Semu’a , a village seven miles south of Hebron.