Ezekiel 22:10 — Word Study
WLCעֶרְוַת־ אָ֖ב גִּלָּה־ בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ־ בָֽךְ׃
BSAthey have uncoveredgâlâh■ [revealed, exposed to shame] the nakednessʻervâh [shame, exposure] of their fathersʼâb they violateʻânâh■ [afflict, oppress] women during their menstrual impurityṭâmêʼ [ceremonial, uncleanness, moral corruption]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֶרְוַת־ | [the] nakedness of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| אָ֖ב | a father | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| גִּלָּה־ | someone has uncovered | Verb, Piel, perfect third person masculine singular |
| בָ֑ךְ | in you | Preposition, suffix |
| טְמֵאַ֥ת | [the] [woman] unclean of | Adj |
| הַנִּדָּ֖ה | the menstruation | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| עִנּוּ־ | they have humiliated | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| בָֽךְ׃ | in you | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | In you they have uncovered the nakedness of their fathers; in you they violate women during their menstrual impurity. |
| KJV | In thee have they discovered their fathers’ nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. |
| ASV | In thee have they uncovered their fathers’ nakedness; in thee have they humbled her that was unclean in her impurity. |
| YLT | The nakedness of a father hath one uncovered in thee, The defiled of impurity they humbled in thee. |
| WEB | In you have they uncovered their fathers’ nakedness. In you have they humbled her who was unclean in her impurity. |
| BBE | In you they have let the shame of their fathers be seen; in you they have done wrong to a woman at the time when she was unclean. |
There are no significant differences in the translations of this verse.
The sentence is structured around two main clauses, each detailing the actions taken within the community, emphasizing the moral failures present.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbגָּלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 22:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Moral Failures of Jerusalemgenerated
Ezekiel 22:10 presents a stark indictment of the people of Jerusalem, detailing their moral corruption and the ways they have dishonored familial relationships. The prophet Ezekiel outlines various acts of indecency and violation, emphasizing the severity of their actions against both God and one another. This passage serves as part of a larger discourse on the consequences of sin and the need for repentance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 35:22 | While Israel was living in that region, Reuben went in and slept with his father’s concubine Bilhah, and Israel heard about it. Jacob had twelve sons: |
| 2 | Genesis 49:4 | Uncontrolled as the waters, you will no longer excel, because you went up to your father’s bed, onto my couch, and defiled it. |
| 3 | Leviticus 18:7–8 | You must not expose the nakedness of your father by having sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; you must not have sexual relations with her. |
| 4 | Leviticus 20:11 | If a man lies with his father’s wife, he has uncovered his father’s nakedness. Both must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 27:20–23 | ‘Cursed is he who sleeps with his father’s wife, for he has violated his father’s marriage bed.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֶרְוַת־, 'er.vat-generated
The word עֶרְוָה ('ervah) refers to nakedness, particularly in a context that implies shame or exposure. It is often associated with improper behavior and is used in various laws concerning sexual morality, as seen in Leviticus 18:6.
In this verse, it highlights the disgrace of uncovering familial nakedness, which is a serious violation of moral and social norms. The use of this term underscores the gravity of the actions being condemned.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the rendering of עֶרְוַת־ as the nakedness of, maintaining the sense of shame associated with this term.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb גִּלָּה־ (gillah) governs the clause, indicating the action of uncovering. The structure emphasizes the actions taken within the community, with multiple phrases detailing the subjects and objects involved.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with the subject performing the action of uncovering, followed by the objects of that action, maintaining a clear focus on the moral failures being highlighted.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֶרְוַת־ as αἰσχύνην (aishynēn), which means shame. This choice emphasizes the disgrace associated with the actions described in the Hebrew text.
The translation indicates a consistent understanding of the term's implications regarding moral failure and exposure.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 22:10 describes how the people of Jerusalem have exposed their fathers' shame and violated women during their menstrual impurity. This verse highlights serious moral failures and the consequences of their actions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase refers to a serious violation of familial honor and morality, often associated with incestuous relationships.
Menstrual impurity is a significant aspect of ceremonial law in the Bible, and violating women during this time is seen as a profound moral corruption.
This verse illustrates the pervasive moral decay within Jerusalem, which is a central theme in Ezekiel's prophecies.
The Bible often emphasizes that such actions lead to judgment and separation from God, highlighting the need for repentance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can we see moral corruption in our own communities today?
- How can understanding the seriousness of these violations help us uphold moral standards?
- What steps can we take to address issues of shame and honor in our relationships?
- How does this passage challenge us to reflect on our own actions and their impact on others?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 22:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleIn thee have they discovered their father's nakedness,.... Or, "he discovered" (b), or "uncovered", it being in the singular number; though the Targum, Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, and all the Oriental
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryIn thee have they discovered their fathers' nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. In thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution - i:e., set apart as unclean (Leviticus 18:19).
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 22 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLike wild Arabians, the worst of heathens, there have been and are some that incestuously defile their fathers’ bed. Humbled; it seems to imply a force and violence offered to the persons, whether virgins or married, whom at unseasonable time they forced to satisfy their lusts: forbidden 20:18, and that on very just reasons, and for preventing many mischiefs, which follow such unseasonable commixtures.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 22 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 22:10 In thee have they discovered their fathers’ nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. Ver. 10. In thee have they discovered their father’ s nakedness,] i.e., Carnally known their father’ s wives or concubines, Reuben-like. See 1 Corinthians 5:1. Humbled her,] i.e., Ravished her: which was a double crime. See Leviticus 18:19; Leviticus 20:18; Leviticus 15:25.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 22 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. In thee have they discovered] They are guilty of the most abominable incest and unnatural lust. In thee have they humbled] In their unholy and unnatural connexions, they have not abstained from those set apart because of their infirmities. The catalogue of crimes that follow is too plain to require comment.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Leviticus 18:7; Leviticus 20:11,—defiled their father’s wife, i.e. their stepmother, or some of their father’s concubines; cf. 2 Samuel 16:22. set apart for pollution] unclean from her impurity, ch. Ezekiel 18:6; Leviticus 18:19; Leviticus 20:18.
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 22 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleSet apart for pollution - Or, “unclean by reason of impurity” Leviticus 12:2.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 22 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible10, 11. This people, called to be a witness of Jehovah’s purity to all the earth, was going into the lowest depths of lust. There is no reason to doubt that this is a true picture of the corruption of this period.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 22 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
In you they have uncovered the nakedness of their fathers; in you they violate women during their menstrual impurity.
In you have they uncovered their fathers’ nakedness. In you have they humbled her who was unclean in her impurity.
In you they have uncovered the nakedness of their fathers; in you they violate women during their menstrual impurity.
They have sex with their father’s wife within you; they violate women during their menstrual period within you.
Tyndale line
In thee have they discovered their fathers’ nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution.
In thee have they uncovered their fathers’ nakedness; in thee have they humbled her that was unclean in her impurity.
In thee have they discovered their fathers’ nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was unclean in her separation.
In thee have they uncovered their fathers' nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution.
In thee haue they discouered their fathers shame: in thee haue they vexed her that was polluted in her floures.
Strictly literal
in thee have they discovered their fathers' nakedness; in thee have they humbled her that was unclean in her separation.
The nakedness of a father hath one uncovered in thee, The defiled of impurity they humbled in thee.
One has uncovered the nakedness of a father in you, || They humbled the menstruous woman in you.
Their father's nakedness they uncovered within thee; her that was unclean in her separation did they violate within thee.
Within you men uncover the nakedness of their father. Within you they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period.
From the Latin
They have discovered the nakedness of their father in thee, they have humbled the uncleanness of the menstruous woman in thee.
Simplified
Some of those living in the city have sex with their father's wives or with women during their period.
In you they have let the shame of their fathers be seen; in you they have done wrong to a woman at the time when she was unclean.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, matching each of the eight words in the Hebrew text. This indicates a shared understanding of the moral implications of the actions being condemned.
עֶרְוַת־ אָ֖ב גִּלָּה־ בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ־ בָֽךְ׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 22:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֶרְוָה (ervah) refers to nakedness or nudity, particularly emphasizing the pudenda. It can also denote shame, disgrace, or improper behavior. The term has a figurative use, suggesting exposure or vulnerability. The Aramaic equivalent is עַרְוָה (arvah), meaning dishonor.
עֶרְוָה 54 n.f. nakedness, pudenda
base
H6172 עֶרְוָה nakedness, pudenda
6172 `ervah er-vaw'
from 6168; nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or
figuratively (disgrace, blemish):--nakedness, shame,
unclean(-ness).
see HEBREW for 06168
עֶרְוָה (er.vah) — nakedness.
1) nakedness, nudity, shame, pudenda
1a) pudenda (implying shameful exposure)
1b) nakedness of a thing, indecency, improper behaviour
1c) exposed, undefended (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: ar.vah (עַרְוָה "dishonor" H6173)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fa'-ther (Anglo-Saxon, Foeder; German, Vater; Hebrew 'abh, etymology uncertain, found in many cognate languages; Greek pater, from root pa, "nourisher," "protector," "upholder"):
1. Immediate Male Ancestor:
Immediate male ancestor. The father in the Hebrew family, as in the Roman, had supreme rights over his children, could dispose of his daughter in marriage (Ge 29), arrange his son's marriage (Ge 24), sell his children (Ex 21:7), but not his daughter to a stranger (Ne 5:5), had power of life and death, as in the case of Isaac (Ge 22), Jephthah's daughter (Jud 11:34), the sacrificing of his children to Molech (Le 18:21; 20:3-5), etc. Respect, reverence and affection for…
Father
A name applied (1) to any ancestor (Deut. 1:11; 1 Kings 15:11; Matt. 3:9; 23:30, etc.); and (2) as a title of respect to a chief, ruler, or elder, etc. (Judg. 17:10; 18:19; 1 Sam. 10:12; 2 Kings 2:12; Matt. 23:9, etc.). (3) The author or beginner of anything is also so called; e.g., Jabal and Jubal (Gen. 4:20, 21; comp. Job 38:28).
The position and authority of the father as the head of the family are expressly assumed and sanctioned in Scripture, as a likeness of that of the Almighty over his creatures. It lies of course at the root of that so-called patriarchal government, (Genesis 3:16; 1 Corinthians 11:3) which was introductory to the more definite systems which followed, and which in part, but not wholly, superseded it. The father’s blessing was regarded as conferring special benefit, but his malediction special injury, on those on whom it fell, (Genesis 9:25,27; 27:27-40; 48:15,20; 49:1) ... and so also the sin of a parent was held to affect, in certain cases, the welfare of his descendants. (2 Kings…
Is often synonymous with ancestor, founder, or originator, as Ge 4:20-21 Joh 8:56 Ro 4:16. Joseph was a father to Pharoah, Ge 45:8, as his counselor and provider. God is the FATHER of men, as their Creator, De 32:6 Isa 63:16 64:8 Lu 3:38. But as we have forfeited the rights of children by our sins, it is only through Christ that we can call God by that endearing name, "our Father," Joh 20:17 Ro 8:15-17.
The Hebrew word גָּלָה (galah) is a primitive root meaning to uncover or remove, with implications of revealing, disclosing, or going into exile. It encompasses various forms, including reflexive and passive uses, and can refer to both physical uncovering and metaphorical revelation. The word is notably associated with disgraceful exposure and the act of exile.
גָּלָה 189 vb. uncover, remove
Qal
uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
intr. remove, depart
go into exile
Niph.
refl.
uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
discover or shew oneself
pass.
be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
be disclosed, discovered
be removed
Pi.
uncover
disclose, discover, lay bare
make known, shew, reveal
Pu. be uncovered
Hiph. carry away into exile, take into exile
Hoph. carried into exile
Hithp.
was uncovered (naked)
that his heart may reveal itself
base
H1540 גָּלָה uncover, remove .. uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
. intr. remove, depart
. go into exile
. . refl. . uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
. discover or shew oneself
. pass. . be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
. be disclosed, discovered
. be removed
. . uncover
. disclose, discover, lay bare
. make known, shew, reveal
. be uncovered
. carry away into exile, take into exile
. carried into exile
. . was uncovered (naked)
. that his heart may reveal itself
1540 galah gaw-law'
a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful
sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually
stripped); figuratively, to reveal:--+ advertise, appear,
bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity),
depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, X plainly,
publish, remove, reveal, X shamelessly, shew, X surely, tell,
uncover.
הֶגְלָם (ga.lah) — Heglam.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.7;
son of: Ehud (H0164);
brother of: Naaman (H5283J), Ahijah (H0281K), Uzza (H5798H) and Ahihud (H0284); also called Heglam (KJV: "removed"; NIV: "deported") at 1Ch.8.7;
Another name of ge.ra (גֵּרָא "Gera" H1617J)
to reveal oneself
גָּלָה (ga.lah) — to reveal: reveal.
: reveal[information]
1) to uncover, remove
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to uncover
1a2) to remove, depart
1a3) to go into exile
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) (reflexive)
1b1a) to uncover oneself
1b1b) to discover or show oneself
1b1c) to reveal himself (of God)
1b2) (passive)
1b2a) to be uncovered
1b2b) to be disclosed, be discovered
1b2c) to be revealed
1b3) to be removed
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to uncover (nakedness)
1c1a) nakedness
1c1b) general
1c2) to disclose, discover, lay bare
1c3) to make known, show, reveal
1d) (Pual) to be uncovered
V-Piel-Perf-3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singularHVpp3ms
ךְ (kh) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular
HR/Sp2fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
טָמֵא (tame') means 'unclean' and is derived from a root that conveys a sense of defilement or pollution, particularly in a religious context. It covers ethical, religious, and ritual impurity, and can refer to both people and places.
טָמֵא adj. unclean
base
H2931 טָמֵא unclean
2931 tame' taw-may'
from 2930; foul in a relig. sense:--defiled, + infamous,
polluted(-tion), unclean.
see HEBREW for 02930
טָמֵא (ta.me) — unclean.
1) unclean, impure
1a) ethically and religiously
1b) ritually
1c) of places
Adj — AdjHAafsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נִדָּה (niddah) refers to impurity, particularly in the context of menstruation and moral issues like idolatry and incest. It is derived from a root meaning 'rejection' and encompasses various forms of ceremonial impurity. The term is associated with being set apart or unclean, reflecting both physical and moral dimensions of impurity.
נִדָּה n.f. impurity (as abhorrent, shunned)
of ceremonial impurity
fig. (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing
base
H5079 נִדָּה
5079 niddah nid-daw'
from 5074; properly, rejection; by implication, impurity,
especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry,
incest):--X far, filthiness, X flowers, menstruous (woman),
put apart, X removed (woman), separation, set apart,
unclean(-ness, thing, with filthiness).
see HEBREW for 05074
נִדָּה (nid.dah) — impurity.
1) impurity, filthiness, menstruous, set apart
1a) impurity
1a1) of ceremonial impurity
1a2) of menstruation
1b) impure thing (fig.)
1b1) of idolatry, immorality
HTd/Ncfsa — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
עָנָה (anah) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings related to affliction and humility. It can denote being occupied, as well as being bowed down, depressed, or afflicted. The word has various forms, including ways to humble oneself or to afflict others, and it appears in contexts of discipline and humility, particularly in relation to fasting.
[עָנָה] vb. be occupied, busied with
base
[עָנָה] vb. be bowed down, afflicted
Qal
be put down or become low, of song of triumph
be depressed, downcast
be afflicted
Niph.
humble oneself
be afflicted
Pi.
humble, mishandle, afflict
humble, a woman by cohabit.
afflict as a discipline
humble, weaken
Pu.
be afflicted, in discipline by God
be humbled by fasting
Hiph. afflict, in discipline
Hithp.
humble oneself
be afflicted
humble oneself in fasting
base
H6031a עָנָה be occupied, busied with H6031b עָנָה be bowed down, afflicted .. be put down or become low, of song of triumph
. be depressed, downcast
. be afflicted
. . humble oneself
. be afflicted
. . humble, mishandle, afflict
. humble, a woman by cohabit.
. afflict as a discipline
. humble, weaken
. . be afflicted, in discipline by God
. be humbled by fasting
. afflict, in discipline
. . humble oneself
. be afflicted
. humble oneself in fasting
6031 `anah aw-naw'
a primitive root (possibly rather ident. with 6030 through
the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally
or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various
applications, as follows):--abase self, afflict(-ion, self),
answer (by mistake for 6030), chasten self, deal hardly with,
defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt,
ravish, sing (by mistake for 6030), speak (by mistake for
6030), submit self, weaken, X in any wise.
see HEBREW for 06030
see HEBREW for 06030
see HEBREW for 06030
see HEBREW for 06030
עָנָה (a.nah) — be occupied.
(Qal) to be occupied, be busied with
עָנָה (a.nah) — to afflict.
1) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be put down, become low
1a2) to be depressed, be downcast
1a3) to be afflicted
1a4) to stoop
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to humble oneself, bow down
1b2) to be afflicted, be humbled
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to humble, mishandle, afflict
1c2) to humble, be humiliated
1c3) to afflict
1d4) to humble, weaken oneself
1d) (Pual)
1d1) to be afflicted
1d2) to be humbled
1e) (Hiphil) to afflict
1f) (Hithpael)
1f1) to humble oneself
1f2) to be afflicted
Aramaic equivalent: a.nah (עֲנָי "to afflict" H6033)
V-Piel-Perf-3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
ךְ (kh) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular
HR/Sp2fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs