Ezekiel 13:10 — Word Study
WLCיַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֜עַן הִטְע֧וּ אֶת־ עַמִּ֛י לֵאמֹ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם וְאֵ֣ין שָׁל֑וֹם וְהוּא֙ בֹּ֣נֶה חַ֔יִץ וְהִנָּ֛ם טָחִ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ תָּפֵֽל׃
BSABecauseyaʻan [for this reason, therefore] they have led My peopleʻam [nation, community] astrayṭâʻâh△■ sayingʼâmar [speaking, proclaiming] Peaceshâlôwm [shalom, completeness and wellness] when there is noʼayin [none, absence of] peaceshâlôwm [true harmony] and whitewashingṭûwach [applying a layer of plaster, covering up flaws] any flimsy wallchayits△ [weak, unstable] that is builtbânâh [constructed, established]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יַ֣עַן | because | Conjunction |
| וּבְיַ֜עַן | and by cause | Conjunction, preposition, conjunction |
| הִטְע֧וּ | they have led astray | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person common plural |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| עַמִּ֛י | people my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לֵאמֹ֥ר | saying | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| שָׁל֖וֹם | peace | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֵ֣ין | and there not | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שָׁל֑וֹם | [is] peace | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְהוּא֙ | and he | Conjunction, pronoun |
| בֹּ֣נֶה | [is] building | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| חַ֔יִץ | a wall | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְהִנָּ֛ם | and there they | Conjunction, particle, suffix |
| טָחִ֥ים | [are] plastering | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| אֹת֖וֹ | the object marker it | Particle, suffix |
| תָּפֵֽל׃ | whitewash | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Because they have led My people astray, saying, ‘Peace,’ when there is no peace, and whitewashing any flimsy wall that is built, |
| KJV | ¶ Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered morter: |
| ASV | Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there is no peace; and when one buildeth up a wall, behold, they daub it with untempered mortar: |
| YLT | Because, even because, they did cause My people to err, Saying, Peace! and there is no peace, And that one is building a wall, And lo, they are daubing it with chalk. |
| WEB | “‘Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, “Peace;” and there is no peace. When one builds up a wall, behold, they plaster it with whitewash. |
| BBE | Because, even because they have been guiding my people into error, saying, Peace; when there is no peace; and in the building of a division wall they put whitewash on it: |
The translations agree on the rendering of הִטְע֧וּ as 'led astray'.
The sentence begins with a causal clause, followed by participial phrases that elaborate on the actions of the false prophets.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהוּא
verbטָעָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 16 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 13:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Warning Against False Prophetsgenerated
Ezekiel 13:10 addresses the actions of false prophets who mislead the people by proclaiming peace when there is none. This warning highlights the consequences of such deceit, emphasizing the need for true prophets who speak God's word faithfully. The surrounding verses further elaborate on the fate of these false prophets and the reality of the impending judgment they face.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Kings 21:9 | But the people did not listen and Manasseh led them astray, so that they did greater evil than the nations that the LORD had destroyed before the Israelites. |
| 2 | Proverbs 12:26 | A righteous man is cautious in friendship, but the ways of the wicked lead them astray. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 23:13–15 | “Among the prophets of Samaria I saw an offensive thing: They prophesied by Baal and led My people Israel astray. |
| 4 | 1 Timothy 4:1 | Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons, |
| 5 | 2 Timothy 3:13 | while evil men and imposters go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 21 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הִטְע֧וּ, hit.'Ugenerated
The verb הִטְע֧וּ (hit'uh) comes from the root טָעָה (ta'ah), meaning to lead astray or to cause to err. In this context, it indicates the act of misleading or seducing the people away from the truth.
The parsing indicates that this is a perfect tense verb in the Hiphil stem, which is causative, meaning these prophets actively caused the people to stray. This highlights the severity of their actions and the responsibility they bear for leading others into error.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses led astray for הִטְע֧וּ.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הִטְע֧וּ (they have led astray) governs the entire clause, with a series of phrases detailing what was said and the consequences of those actions. The structure emphasizes the direct action of leading astray and the false assurances that follow.
The sentence flows logically, first presenting the action of leading astray, then detailing the misleading proclamation of peace, and finally describing the act of whitewashing the wall, which serves as a metaphor for superficiality and deception.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הִטְע֧וּ as ἐπλάνησαν (eplanēsan), which means 'they led astray' or 'they deceived.' This choice reflects a direct correlation to the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the act of misleading.
The use of ἐπλάνησαν indicates a similar understanding of the consequences of deception, aligning with the overall message of the passage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 13:10 warns that false prophets have misled the people by proclaiming peace when there is none. They are likened to builders who cover up the flaws of a weak wall with whitewash, suggesting that their assurances are superficial and misleading.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that the false prophets have caused the people to deviate from the truth and follow misleading teachings, particularly regarding peace.
Whitewashing a wall symbolizes covering up flaws or imperfections, indicating that the false prophets are providing superficial solutions rather than addressing the underlying issues.
The consequences include judgment from God, as the false prophets will not be recognized among His people and will face the repercussions of their deceit.
This verse connects with other biblical warnings about false teachings and the importance of discernment, as seen in passages like Jeremiah 23 and 2 Timothy 4.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I discern between true and false teachings in my life?
- How can I ensure that I am not leading others astray with my words or actions?
- What steps can I take to build a strong foundation in my faith that withstands deception?
- How can I encourage others to seek the truth and avoid superficial assurances?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss the nature of true and false peace, emphasizing the importance of discernment in spiritual matters.
For there is a peace that does not have an offense, and there is one that has it: which is from love, it does not have an offense; which is from deceit, it has.Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 13 →
Because they have deceived my people, saying: peace, and there is no peace. And he was building a wall: but they were plastering it with mud without straw. Say to those who plaster without mortar, that it will fall.Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 13 →
How is the cause helped by the people who dance attendance on these people with itching ears who know neither how to hear nor how to speak? They confound old mire with new cement and, as Ezekiel says, daub a wall with untempered mortar;Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 13 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 13:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBecause, even because they have seduced my people,.... Who were so by profession; otherwise such who are truly the people of God, though they may be deceived in civil things, yet not in religious
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBecause, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered morter: Because, even because. The repetition heightens the emphasis.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe verse is a transition to a new subject, or rather to a new manner of discovering and condemning the sin of the false prophets. They have seduced my people; made my people to err, both in their apprehension of their sin and danger, and of my displeasure and threats, as if all were less than it was, and there needed no repentance, or submission to the Babylonish king. Peace; all will be well; no war, or else victory; no more going into captivity, but a speedy return of those that are in captivity: when nothing of all this, but the contrary, was to be told them; universal calamity was at the door, and these varlets promise universal tranquillity and plenty. One; some one or other chief…
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 13:10 Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and [there was] no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered [morter]:Ver. 10. Because, even because.] Heb., For that, and for that; an angry epizeuxis. See Ezekiel 13:8. Saying, Peace, peace.] Making all fair weather before them, whenas the storm of God’ s wrath (never to be blown over) was bursting out upon them. And one built up a wall.] Ipse oedificabat parietem; one of the devil’ s chief dirt-daubers, such as was Shemaiah, Hananiah, &c., who, together with their women upholsterers that sewed pillows to all arm holes, made foul work, and did much mischief among God’ s people…
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) One built up a wall.—The original word is used for a partition wall—of course a comparatively slight wall—as noted in the margin; in Ezekiel 13:12, however, the ordinary word for an outer, or a city wall, is used. One of the false prophets would build a wall, set up of his own device—some vision as a defence against the warnings of calamity; and his fellows would join in his deceit by covering this wall “with untempered mortar.” The word is not the usual one for plaster, and indeed is used in this sense only in these verses and in Ezekiel 22:28. Elsewhere, the word is used in Job 6:6 = unsavoury, Lamentations 2:14= foolish things, and a closely-related form in Jeremiah 23:13=folly…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 13 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. One built up a wall] A true prophet is as a wall of defense to the people. These false prophets pretend to be a wall of defense; but their wall is bad, and their mortar is worse. One gives a lying vision, another pledges himself that it is true; and the people believe what they say, and trust not in God, nor turn from their sins. The city is about to be besieged; it needs stronger fortifications than what it possesses. The prophet should be as a brazen wall for its defence; and such my prophets would have been had the people received the word from my mouth. But ye have prevented this by your lying vanities; and when you have perverted the people, you pretend to raise up a rampart…
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 13 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–16. The prophets whitewash the tottering wall which the people build 10. Because, even because] A solemn and emphatic introduction of the offence of the prophets; ch. Ezekiel 36:3; Leviticus 26:43. seduced] Or, led astray.peace; and there was no peace] “Peace” includes security and prosperity; cf. Micah 3:5; Jeremiah 6:14; Jeremiah 8:11; Jeremiah 23:17. and one built up a wall] Rather: and it (the people) buildeth up a wall, and behold they (the prophets) daub it with whitewash, or plaster. The word for “wall” (occurring only here) is not the usual one, though similar to the one common in Arab.; in usage it may have meant “a slight wall,” as marg., or a partition. The figure incisively…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 13 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWall - A partition wall; in Ezekiel 13:12, the word used is the usual word for the outer wall of a house or city. The fall of the partition wall would perhaps involve the fall of the whole house.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Because they have led My people astray, saying, ‘Peace,’ when there is no peace, and whitewashing any flimsy wall that is built,
“‘Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, “Peace;” and there is no peace. When one builds up a wall, behold, they plaster it with whitewash.
Because they have led My people astray, saying, ‘Peace,’ when there is no peace, and whitewashing any flimsy wall that is built,
“‘This is because they have led my people astray saying, “All is well,” when things are not well. When anyone builds a wall without mortar, they coat it with whitewash.
Tyndale line
¶ Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered morter:
Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there is no peace; and when one buildeth up a wall, behold, they daub it with untempered mortar:
Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there is no peace; and when one buildeth up a wall, behold, they daub it with untempered mortar:
Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and lo, others daubed it with untempered mortar :
And therefore, because they haue deceiued my people, saying, Peace, and there was no peace: and one buylt vp a wall, and behold, the others daubed it with vntempered morter,
Strictly literal
Because, yea because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace! and there is no peace; and one buildeth up a wall, and lo, they daub it with untempered [mortar] —
Because, even because, they did cause My people to err, Saying, Peace! and there is no peace, And that one is building a wall, And lo, they are daubing it with chalk.
Because, even because, they caused My people to err, || Saying, Peace! And there is no peace, || And that one is building a wall, || And behold, they are coating it with chalk.
Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, “Peace,” when there was no peace: and [my people] build a protecting wall, and lo, they plaster it with unadhesive mortar.
Because of this, and because they led my people astray and said, “Peace!” when there is no peace, they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash.'
From the Latin
Because they have deceived my people, saying: Peace, and there is no peace: and the people built up a wall, and they daubed it with dirt without straw.
Simplified
They have deceived my people by saying, ‘We shall have peace,’ when there won't be any peace. It's like they're putting a coat of whitewash on an unstable wall of loose stones that the people have built.
Because, even because they have been guiding my people into error, saying, Peace; when there is no peace; and in the building of a division wall they put whitewash on it:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with twelve of the sixteen words matching. This consistency reinforces the integrity of the message about the consequences faced by false prophets.
יַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֜עַן הִטְע֧וּ אֶת־ עַמִּ֛י לֵאמֹ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם וְאֵ֣ין שָׁל֑וֹם וְהוּא֙ בֹּ֣נֶה חַ֔יִץ וְהִנָּ֛ם טָחִ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ תָּפֵֽל׃
12 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 13:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יַעַן (ya`an) is primarily a conjunction or preposition meaning 'because' or 'on account of.' It conveys purpose or intention, indicating reasons or causes in sentences. The entries consistently emphasize its use in this context, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
יַעַן 95 prop. subst. purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj. on account of, because
base
H3282 יַעַן prop. subst. purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj. on account of, because
3282 ya`an yah'-an
from an unused root meaning to pay attention; properly, heed;
by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to
indicate the reason or cause:--because (that), forasmuch (+
as), seeing then, + that, + wheras, + why.
יַעַן (ya.an) — because.
conj
1) because, therefore, because that, on account of
prep
2) because of, on account of
3) why (with interrogative pron)
Conj — ConjunctionHC
be-kos' (hina, "in order that"): "The multitude rebuked them, because (AV; the Revised Version (British and American) "that") they should hold their peace" (Mt 20:31).
יַעַן (ya`an) is primarily a conjunction or preposition meaning 'because' or 'on account of.' It conveys purpose or intention, indicating reasons or causes in sentences. The entries consistently emphasize its use in this context, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
יַעַן 95 prop. subst. purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj. on account of, because
base
H3282 יַעַן prop. subst. purpose, intention, but always used as prep. or conj. on account of, because
3282 ya`an yah'-an
from an unused root meaning to pay attention; properly, heed;
by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to
indicate the reason or cause:--because (that), forasmuch (+
as), seeing then, + that, + wheras, + why.
יַעַן (ya.an) — because.
conj
1) because, therefore, because that, on account of
prep
2) because of, on account of
3) why (with interrogative pron)
HC/R/C — Conjunction · preposition · conjunctionHC/R/C
kos: In both the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) "for this cause" (the King James Version "cause") occurs in Ex 9:16 as the rendering of ba`abhur zo'th = "in order that"; "to the end that"; so also in Da 2:12 for kol-qebhel denah, and in 2Ch 32:20 the King James Version for `al-zo'th, where RVS read "because of." In the New Testament the word is used adverbially in the translation of several Greek phrases: heneka toutou (Mt 19:5; Mr 10:7); dia touto, Joh 12:27; Ro 1:26; 13:6; 15:9…
→ See ACTIONS AT LAW
טָעָה (ta`ah) is a primitive root meaning to wander or stray. It covers the concepts of erring and leading astray, with a specific mention of seduction in its causative form. The word appears in contexts like wandering women and leading people astray.
[טָעָה] vb. wander, stray
Qal like a wandering (vagrant) woman
Hiph. fig., they have led astray my people.
base
H2937 טָעָה
2937 ta`ah taw-aw'
a primitive root; to wander; ,causatively to lead
astray:--seduce.
טָעָה (ta.ah) — to stray.
1) to wander, stray, wander astray, err
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to seduce
1a2) to cause to go astray
V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common pluralHVhp3cp
a-stra' (ta`ah, "to wander," "to err"; planaomai, "to go astray," each carrying the idea of being lost): With one exception (Ex 23:4 "his ass going astray") used metaphorically of moral wandering, going astray in paths of error and sin, like "sheep going astray" (1Pe 2:25 the King James Version; Isa 53:6; Ps 119:176).
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.
אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say
Qal
Say
Say in the heart (= think)
Promise
Command (esp. late)
Niph. be said, told
Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
Hithp. act proudly, boast
base
H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say
. Say in the heart (= think)
. Promise
. Command (esp. late)
. be said, told
. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
. act proudly, boast
559 'amar aw-mar'
a primitive root; to say (used with great
latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,
certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),
commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X
expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,
publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X
suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),
utter, X verily, X yet.
אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.
1) to say, speak, utter
1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called
1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly
1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
שָׁלוֹם (shalom) conveys a range of meanings including completeness, soundness, welfare, and peace. It can refer to physical safety and health, as well as emotional states like tranquility and friendship, particularly in human relationships and with God. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be complete' and is used in various contexts, including greetings.
שָׁלוֹם 237 n.m. completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
completeness in no.
safety, soundness, in body
welfare, health, prosperity
peace, quiet, tranquility, contentment
peace, friendship
peace from war
as adj. those at peace with him
base
H7965 שָׁלוֹם completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
7965 shalowm shaw-lome'
or shalom {shaw-lome'}; from 7999; safe, i.e. (figuratively)
well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,
prosperity, peace:--X do, familiar, X fare, favour, + friend,
X great, (good) health, (X perfect, such as be at)
peace(-able, -ably), prosper(-ity, -ous), rest, safe(-ty),
salute, welfare, (X all is, be) well, X wholly.
see HEBREW for 07999
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace.
: peace
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
שָׁלוֹם (ye.ho.vah sha.lom) — Peace.
This name means completeness, peace
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace: well-being.
: well-being
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
pes (shalom; eirene):
1. In the Old Testament:
Is a condition of freedom from disturbance, whether outwardly, as of a nation from war or enemies, or inwardly, within the soul. The Hebrew word is shalom (both adjective and substantive), meaning, primarily, "soundness," "health," but coming also to signify "prosperity," well-being in general, all good in relation to both man and God. In early times, to a people harassed by foes, peace was the primary blessing. In Ps 122:7, we have "peace" and "prosperity," and in 35:27; 73:3, shalom is translated "prosperity." In 2Sa 11:7 the King James Version, David asked of Uriah "how Joab did" (margin "of the peace of Joab"), "and how the people did (the Revised Version (British and American) "fared," literally, "of the peace of the people"), and…
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Conj | Part — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
שָׁלוֹם (shalom) conveys a range of meanings including completeness, soundness, welfare, and peace. It can refer to physical safety and health, as well as emotional states like tranquility and friendship, particularly in human relationships and with God. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be complete' and is used in various contexts, including greetings.
שָׁלוֹם 237 n.m. completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
completeness in no.
safety, soundness, in body
welfare, health, prosperity
peace, quiet, tranquility, contentment
peace, friendship
peace from war
as adj. those at peace with him
base
H7965 שָׁלוֹם completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
7965 shalowm shaw-lome'
or shalom {shaw-lome'}; from 7999; safe, i.e. (figuratively)
well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,
prosperity, peace:--X do, familiar, X fare, favour, + friend,
X great, (good) health, (X perfect, such as be at)
peace(-able, -ably), prosper(-ity, -ous), rest, safe(-ty),
salute, welfare, (X all is, be) well, X wholly.
see HEBREW for 07999
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace.
: peace
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
שָׁלוֹם (ye.ho.vah sha.lom) — Peace.
This name means completeness, peace
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace: well-being.
: well-being
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
pes (shalom; eirene):
1. In the Old Testament:
Is a condition of freedom from disturbance, whether outwardly, as of a nation from war or enemies, or inwardly, within the soul. The Hebrew word is shalom (both adjective and substantive), meaning, primarily, "soundness," "health," but coming also to signify "prosperity," well-being in general, all good in relation to both man and God. In early times, to a people harassed by foes, peace was the primary blessing. In Ps 122:7, we have "peace" and "prosperity," and in 35:27; 73:3, shalom is translated "prosperity." In 2Sa 11:7 the King James Version, David asked of Uriah "how Joab did" (margin "of the peace of Joab"), "and how the people did (the Revised Version (British and American) "fared," literally, "of the peace of the people"), and…
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
HC/Pp3ms — Conjunction · pronounHC/Pp3ms
ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.
The Hebrew word בָּנָה (banah) means "to build" and encompasses various forms such as rebuilding, establishing, and making permanent. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of restored exiles. The entries indicate that it can also imply being built up, particularly in the context of a childless wife becoming a mother.
בָּנָה 373 vb. build
Qal build
Niph.
be built
be rebuilt
(fig.) of restored exiles, = established
established, made permanent
base
H1129 בָּנָה build .build
.. . be built
. be rebuilt
. . (fig.) of restored exiles, = established
. established, made permanent
1129 banah baw-naw'
a primitive root; to build (literally and
figuratively):--(begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make,
repair, set (up), X surely.
בָּנָה (ba.nah) — to build.
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild
1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built
1b2) to be rebuilt
1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)
1b4) established (made permanent)
1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
Building
Among the Jews was suited to the climate and conditions of the country. They probably adopted the kind of architecture for their dwellings which they found already existing when they entered Canaan (Deut. 6:10; Num. 13:19). Phoenician artists (2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Kings 5:6, 18) assisted at the erection of the royal palace and the temple at Jerusalem. Foreigners also assisted at the restoration of the temple after the Exile (Ezra 3:7).
In Gen. 11:3, 9, we have the first recorded instance of the erection of buildings. The cities of the plain of Shinar were founded by…
→ FIGURATIVE 2Co 5:1
חַ֫יִץ (chayits) refers to a wall, specifically a party-wall or thin wall. It is noted in Ezekiel 13:10 and is considered an alternative form of another Hebrew word for wall. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to walls.
חַ֫יִץ n.[m.] party-wall—Ez 13:10
ref
H2434 חַ֫יִץ
2434 chayits khah'-yits
another form for 2351; a wall:--wall.
see HEBREW for 02351
חַ֫יִץ (cha.yits) — wall.
wall, party-wall, thin wall
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wol.
See ARCHITECTURE; CITY; FORTIFICATION; HOUSE; JERUSALEM; VILLAGE.
Wall
Cities were surrounded by walls, as distinguished from “unwalled villages” (Ezek. 38:11; Lev. 25:29-34). They were made thick and strong (Num. 13:28; Deut. 3:5). Among the Jews walls were built of stone, some of those in the temple being of great size (1 Kings 6:7; 7:9-12; 20:30; Mark 13:1, 2). The term is used metaphorically of security and safety (Isa. 26:1; 60:18; Rev. 21:12-20). (See FENCE.)
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
HC/Tj/Sp3mp — Conjunction · particle · suffixHC/Tj/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word טוּחַ (*tuwach*) is a primitive root meaning to smear or overspread, often associated with coating or plastering. It has forms in both the Qal and Niphal stems, indicating actions of applying or being coated. The related word טָחַח (*tachach*) specifically refers to being besmeared, appearing only in the Qal perfect form. The entries suggest a focus on physical application, particularly in contexts like construction or artistry.
[טוּחַ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear
Qal over-spread, coat
Niph. be coated
base
[טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. Is 44:18
ref
H2902a טוּחַ over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear H2902b טָחַח be besmeared—only Qal Pf.
2902 tuwach too'-akh
a primitive root; to smear, especially with lime:--daub,
overlay, plaister, smut.
טוּחַ (tu.ach) — to overspread.
1) to spread over, overlay, plaster, cover over, coat, besmear
1a) (Qal) to overspread, coat, overlay
1b) (Niphal) to be coated, be plastered
טָחַח (ta.chach) — to be smeared.
(Qal) to be besmeared
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
plas'-ter-ing.
See CRAFTS, II, 15.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo/Sp3ms — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3ms
תָּפֵל (taphel) means tasteless or unseasoned, often used figuratively for unsatisfying prophecies. It can also refer to whitewash applied to walls. The word is derived from a root meaning to smear or plaster, suggesting a sense of frivolity or insipidity.
תָּפֵל adj. tasteless, unseasoned; fig. of unsatisfying prophecies
base
תָּפֵל n.[m.] whitewash;—applied to wall
base
H8602a תָּפֵל tasteless, unseasoned; fig. of unsatisfying prophecies H8602b תָּפֵל whitewash;—applied to wall
8602 taphel taw-fale'
from an unused root meaning to smear; plaster (as gummy) or
slime; (figuratively) frivolity:--foolish things, unsavoury,
untempered.
תָּפֵל (ta.phel) — insipid.
adj
1) foolish, insipid
2) (BDB) tasteless, unseasoned
תָּפֵל (ta.phel) — whitewash.
whitewash
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hwit'wosh: the American Revised Version margin gives "whitewash" for "untempered mortar" in Eze 13:10 and 22:28. `Her prophets have daubed for them,' i.e. seconded them, "with whitewash," thus giving "a slight wall" (13:10 margin) a specious appearance of strength.
See MORTAR; UNTEMPERED.
